Download or read book Californium 252 Neutron Sources for Medical Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Californium-252 neutron sources are being prepared to investigate the value of this radionuclide in diagnosing and treating diseases. A source resembling a cell-loaded radium needle was developed for neutron therapy. Since therapy needles are normally implanted in the body, very conservative design criteria were established to prevent leakage of radioactive. Methods are being developed to prepare very intense californium sources that could be used eventually for neutron radiography and for diagnosis by neutron activation analysis. This paper discusses these methods.
Download or read book Some Physical Dosimetry and Biomedical Aspects of Californium 252 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Physics Experience in the Use of a Californium 252 Neutron Source in a University written by Robert L. Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Californium 252 written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From eleventh conference on radioisotopes; Tokyo, Japan (13 Nov 1973). The history, production, and availability of /sup 252/Cf and its many potential uses are discussed. Applications in life sciences, education chemical analysis, exploration for natural resources, industrial process control, neutron radiography, nondestructive inspection, and neutron flux enhancement are described. (TFD).
Download or read book Production Distribution and Applications of Californium 252 Neutron Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radioisotope 252Cf is routinely encapsulated into compact, portable, intense neutron sources with a 2.6-year half-life. A source the size of a person's little finger can emit up to 1011 neutrons/s. Californium-252 is used commercially as a reliable, cost-effective neutron source for prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) of coal, cement, and minerals, as well as for detection and identification of explosives, laud mines, and unexploded military ordnance. Other uses are neutron radiography, nuclear waste assays, reactor start-up sources, calibration standards, and cancer therapy. The inherent safety of source encapsulations is demonstrated by 30 years of experience and by U.S. Bureau of Mines tests of source survivability during explosions. The production and distribution center for the U.S Department of Energy (DOE) Californium Program is the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). DOE sells The radioisotope 252Cf is routinely encapsulated into compact, portable, intense neutron sources with a 2.6- year half-life. A source the size of a person's little finger can emit up to 10 neutrons/s. Californium-252 is used commercially as a reliable, cost-effective neutron source for prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) of coal, cement, and minerals, as well as for detection and identification of explosives, laud mines, and unexploded military ordnance. Other uses are neutron radiography, nuclear waste assays, reactor start-up sources, calibration standards, and cancer therapy. The inherent safety of source encapsulations is demonstrated by 30 years of experience and by U.S. Bureau of Mines tests of source survivability during explosions. The production and distribution center for the U.S Department of Energy (DOE) Californium Program is the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL). DOE sells 252Cf to commercial reencapsulators domestically and internationally. Sealed 252Cf sources are also available for loan to agencies and subcontractors of the U.S. government and to universities for educational, research, and medical applications. The REDC has established the Californium User Facility (CUF) for Neutron Science to make its large inventory of 252Cf sources available to researchers for irradiations inside uncontaminated hot cells. Experiments at the CUF include a land mine detection system, neutron damage testing of solid-state detectors, irradiation of human cancer cells for boron neutron capture therapy experiments, and irradiation of rice to induce genetic mutations.
Download or read book Fabrication of Intense Neutron Sources for Medical Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulated sources containing $sup 252$Cf equivalents of 0.1 to 1.0 milligrams were prepared. Samarium was used as the simulant in a modified chemical plating technique similar to that used to prepare palladium-californium oxide cermet for industrial applications. The length of the platinum-10 percent iridium doubly encapsulated source with its protective sheath is 0.545 in. (14.1 mm). Outside dia of the source, including its sheath, is 0.109 in. (2.8 mm). Existing ''Brachytrons'' can accommodate this source form. This capsule system will withstand internal gas pressures from helium due to alpha decay and fission gases from a 1 mg $sup 252$Cf source after ten years if the source is subjected to a maximum temperature of 800$sup 0$C, the theoretical temperature of an accidental fire. Under these conditions the safety factor is 3. The capsule system is being tested with tracer amounts of $sup 252$Cf to ensure that it will withstand adverse service conditions as well as tests specified for Special Form Materials. (auth).
Download or read book Californium 252 Sources for Afterloading written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Californium-252 neutron sources have been developed to investigate the value of this radionuclide in cancer therapy. The primary objective of the neutron source development is to meet the changing needs of the radiotherapist with safe, reliable, and uniform products. Thus far point and line sources containing 0.5 microgram to 1.0 milligram of californium-252 have been designed. The neutron source forms that are now available are reviewed, and the techniques by which they are fabricated are discussed. Many new combinations and configurations of californium-252 neutron sources are possible, if needed by the medical evaluators of this radioisotope. Californium-252 neutron sources are loaned by the United States Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) for medical research. Californium-252 sources are also loaned by ERDA for clinical investigations under a protocol of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, U.S. National Cancer Institute.
Download or read book Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds written by Sergey Krivovichev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds is a collection of 13 reviews on structural and coordination chemistry of actinide compounds. Within the last decade, these compounds have attracted considerable attention because of their importance for radioactive waste management, catalysis, ion-exchange and absorption applications, etc. Synthetic and natural actinide compounds are also of great environmental concern as they form as a result of alteration of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste under Earth surface conditions, during burn-up of nuclear fuel in reactors, represent oxidation products of uranium miles and mine tailings, etc. The actinide compounds are also of considerable interest to material scientists due to the unique electronic properties of actinides that give rise to interesting physical properties controlled by the structural architecture of respective compounds. The book provides both general overview and review of recent developments in the field, including such emergent topics as nanomaterials and nanoparticles and their relevance to the transfer of actinides under environmental conditions.* Covers over 2,000 actinide compounds including materials, minerals and coordination polymers* Summarizes recent achievements in the field* Some chapters reveal (secret) advances made by the Soviet Union during the 'Cold war'
Download or read book Applications of Californium 252 written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Californium 252 Review written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Californium 252 Isotope for 21st Century Radiotherapy written by J.G. Wierzbicki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Californium-252 is a neutron emitter with a high specific activity, making it useful in a variety of applications, the most spectacular of which is in brachytherapy for cancer patients. Radiation oncology has exhausted nearly every option for treating radioresistant tumors by photon brachytherapy, and therefore new types of radiation need to be studied to improve the curability of cancer. Audience: Californium brachytherapy is used in only a few radiation therapy centers in the world, so the book will be highly instructive for radiation oncologists, medical physicists and radiobiologists. The nuclear techniques used in clinical applications may also interest nuclear physicists and engineers.
Download or read book Californium 252 Progress written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Symposium on Californium 252 Utilization written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Californium 252 Fission Neutron Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotopic neutron sources of 252Cf are becoming available in the USA. These promise very much higher neutron outputs than have been available up to now with isotopic sources. It is estimated that a source costing.
Download or read book Californium 252 Neutron Sources written by United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Program to Evaluate the Educational Uses of a Californium 252 Source in a Nuclear Science and Engineering Program written by Geoffrey G. Eichholz and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
