Download or read book Calendars in Mesoamerica and Peru written by Anthony F. Aveni and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 1983 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calendars in Mesoamerica and Peru written by Anthony F. Aveni and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 1983 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calendars in Mesoamerica and Peru written by N. Hammond and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ritual Practice of Time written by Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-11-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calendars of Mesoamerican civilisations are subjected to what is categorised as “ritual practices of time”. This book is a comparative explication of rituals of time of four calendars: the Long Count calendar, the 260-day calendar, the 365-day calendar and the 52-years calendar. Building upon a comparative analytical model, the book contributes new theoretical insights about ritual practices and temporal philosophies. This comprehensive investigation analyses how ritual practices are represented and conceptualised in intellectual systems and societies. The temporal ritual practices are systematically analysed in relation to calendar organisation and structure, arithmetic, cosmogony and chronometry, spatial-temporality (cosmology), natural world, eschatology, sociology, politics, and ontology. It is argued that the 260-day calendar has a particular symbolic importance in Mesoamerican temporal philosophies and practices.
Download or read book Cosmology Calendars and Horizon Based Astronomy in Ancient Mesoamerica written by Anne S. Dowd and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmology, Calendars, and Horizon-Based Astronomy in Ancient Mesoamerica is an interdisciplinary tour de force that establishes the critical role astronomy played in the religious and civic lives of the ancient peoples of Mesoamerica. Providing extraordinary examples of how Precolumbian peoples merged ideas about the cosmos with those concerning calendar and astronomy, the volume showcases the value of detailed examinations of astronomical data for understanding ancient cultures. The volume is divided into three sections: investigations into Mesoamerican horizon-based astronomy, the cosmological principles expressed in Mesoamerican religious imagery and rituals related to astronomy, and the aspects of Mesoamerican calendars related to archaeoastronomy. It also provides cutting-edge research on diverse topics such as records of calendar and horizon-based astronomical observation (like the Dresden and Borgia codices), iconography of burial assemblages, architectural alignment studies, urban planning, and counting or measuring devices. Contributors—who are among the most respected in their fields— explore new dimensions in Mesoamerican timekeeping and skywatching in the Olmec, Maya, Teotihuacano, Zapotec, and Aztec cultures. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of anthropology, archaeology, art history, and astronomy.
Download or read book The Maya Calendar Systems Vol 1 written by Armin A. Brandes and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Ethnology / Cultural Anthropology, , language: English, abstract: This treatise about the Maya Calendar Systems, emphasizing the Yucatecan Calendar, is an extract and a summary of the studies on their number as well as their calendar systems. As far as the calendars are concerned data from monuments as well as from the Chilam Balam of Tizimin / Chumayel and the Codex Pérez were analyzed. All nations of Mesoamerica had number systems to the base 20. The one of the Maya, however, differed from all others not only by its basic numbers but also by the formation of numbers greater than 20, namely by the method of overcounting while all the others used the method of undercounting. The Maya replaced their moon calendar by adopting the spiritual and solar calendar as well as a longtime count by a now long time perished nation. The solar calendar had built in a correction of the first order, a camouflaged bissextile day at the end of every fourth year. Spiritual and solar calendar constituted by permutation the Calendar Round, a cycle of 52 years. One of the properties of the Calendar Round was that all years began cyclic by only four out of the twenty sacred day signs, the year bearers kaban, ik', manik', eb. The longtime count was noted as elapsed days in positional notation, whereby the third rank was counted only from 0 to 17. This Preclassic Calendar was reformed by the Maya due to the different counting of numbers, thus, by replacing the Day Count with a system of measurements, the so-called Long Count, whereby the third rank became a short year of 360 days. This Classic Calendar was reformed, however, only in the Rio Bec, Chenes and Puuc region. Hereby the Long Count was replaced by periods of current time, the ajaw-Periods of 20 short years. Additionally the Calendar Round was made “dynamic”, in order to integrate the solar calendar corrections of the second and third order. The resultant pairs of Calendar Rounds of the same patron had identical notations, thus, the protagonists of the reform introduced for the months of the solar year the count of current days for each first Calendar Round and for each second one of elapsed days. The reform of this Yucatecan Calendar was completed by enlarging the ajaw-Period from the 20 short years to 24 solar years. And thus, the first eternal solar calendar was accomplished. This calendar was lived up to the conquest by the Spaniards. The knowledge about it, however, was lost soon after the inquisitional trials and the auto de fé of Mani. Thereafter the counting was frozen.
Download or read book Cycles of the Sun Mysteries of the Moon written by Vincent H. Malmström and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new view of the origin and diffusion of Mesoamerican calendrical systems.
Download or read book Maya Calendar Origins written by Prudence M. Rice and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2009-02-17 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Maya Political Science: Time, Astronomy, and the Cosmos, Prudence M. Rice proposed a new model of Maya political organization in which geopolitical seats of power rotated according to a 256-year calendar cycle known as the May. This fundamental connection between timekeeping and Maya political organization sparked Rice's interest in the origins of the two major calendars used by the ancient lowland Maya, one 260 days long, and the other having 365 days. In Maya Calendar Origins, she presents a provocative new thesis about the origins and development of the calendrical system. Integrating data from anthropology, archaeology, art history, astronomy, ethnohistory, myth, and linguistics, Rice argues that the Maya calendars developed about a millennium earlier than commonly thought, around 1200 BC, as an outgrowth of observations of the natural phenomena that scheduled the movements of late Archaic hunter-gatherer-collectors throughout what became Mesoamerica. She asserts that an understanding of the cycles of weather and celestial movements became the basis of power for early rulers, who could thereby claim "control" over supernatural cosmic forces. Rice shows how time became materialized—transformed into status objects such as monuments that encoded calendrical or temporal concerns—as well as politicized, becoming the foundation for societal order, political legitimization, and wealth. Rice's research also sheds new light on the origins of the Popol Vuh, which, Rice believes, encodes the history of the development of the Mesoamerican calendars. She also explores the connections between the Maya and early Olmec and Izapan cultures in the Isthmian region, who shared with the Maya the cosmovision and ideology incorporated into the calendrical systems.
Download or read book The Mexican Calendar as Compared to Other Mesoamerican Systems written by Johanna Broda de Casas and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Western Mesoamerican Calendars and Writing Systems written by Mikkel Bøg Clemmensen and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-06-08 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesoamerica is one of the few places to witness the independent invention of writing. Bringing together new research, papers discuss the writing systems of Teotihuacan, Mixteca Baja, the Epiclassic period and Aztec writing of the Postclassic. These writing systems represent more than a millennium of written records and literacy in Mesoamerica.
Download or read book The Native Calendar of Central America and Mexico written by Daniel Garrison Brinton and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calendars of the Indians North of Mexico written by Leona Cope and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Archaeoastronomy and the Maya written by Gerardo Aldana y Villalobos and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaeoastronomy and the Maya illustrates archaeoastronomical approaches to ancient Mayan cultural production. The book is contextualized through a history of archaeoastronomical investigations into Mayan sites, originating in the 19th century discovery of astronomical tables within hieroglyphic books. Early 20th century archaeological excavations revealed inscriptions carved into stone that also preserved astronomical records, along with architecture that was built to reflect astronomical orientations. These materials provided the basis of a growing professionalized archaeoastronomy, blossoming in the 1970s and expanding into recent years. The chapters here exemplify the advances made in the field during the early 21st century as well as the on-going diversity of approaches, presenting new perspectives and discoveries in ancient Mayan astronomy that result from recent studies of architectural alignments, codices, epigraphy, iconography, ethnography, and calendrics. More than just investigations of esoteric ancient sciences, studies of ancient Mayan astronomy have profoundly aided our understanding of Mayan worldviews. Concepts of time and space, meanings encoded in religious art, intentions underlying architectural alignments, and even methods of political legitimization are all illuminated through the study of Mayan astronomy.
Download or read book Mesoamerican Calendars written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timothy G. Roufs presents a collection of Web sites related to Mesoamerican calendars, provided online by the University of Minnesota at Duluth. The focus of the collection is primarily the Mayan and Aztec calendars.
Download or read book Calendar and Script in Protohistorical China and Mesoamerica written by Gordon Whittaker and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cycles of Time and Meaning in the Mexican Books of Fate written by Elizabeth Hill Boone and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2007-02-01 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In communities throughout precontact Mesoamerica, calendar priests and diviners relied on pictographic almanacs to predict the fate of newborns, to guide people in choosing marriage partners and auspicious wedding dates, to know when to plant and harvest crops, and to be successful in many of life's activities. As the Spanish colonized Mesoamerica in the sixteenth century, they made a determined effort to destroy these books, in which the Aztec and neighboring peoples recorded their understanding of the invisible world of the sacred calendar and the cosmic forces and supernaturals that adhered to time. Today, only a few of these divinatory codices survive. Visually complex, esoteric, and strikingly beautiful, painted books such as the famous Codex Borgia and Codex Borbonicus still serve as portals into the ancient Mexican calendrical systems and the cycles of time and meaning they encode. In this comprehensive study, Elizabeth Hill Boone analyzes the entire extant corpus of Mexican divinatory codices and offers a masterful explanation of the genre as a whole. She introduces the sacred, divinatory calendar and the calendar priests and diviners who owned and used the books. Boone then explains the graphic vocabulary of the calendar and its prophetic forces and describes the organizing principles that structure the codices. She shows how they form almanacs that either offer general purpose guidance or focus topically on specific aspects of life, such as birth, marriage, agriculture and rain, travel, and the forces of the planet Venus. Boone also tackles two major areas of controversy—the great narrative passage in the Codex Borgia, which she freshly interprets as a cosmic narrative of creation, and the disputed origins of the codices, which, she argues, grew out of a single religious and divinatory system.
Download or read book The Aztec Calendar Handbook written by Randall C. Jiménez and published by Aztec Calendar Handbook. This book was released on 2001 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A manual for the Aztec calendar that explores the myths, legends, and history behind the ancient calendar, and includes technical drawings, a glossary, timeline, and an extensive bibliography.
