Download or read book Calendars and Years written by John M. Steele and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2007-10-08 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dates form the backbone of written history. But where do these dates come from? Many different calendars were used in the ancient world. Some of these calendars were based upon observations or calculations of regular astronomical phenomena, such as the first sighting of the new moon crescent that defined the beginning of the month in many calendars, while others incorporated schematic simplifications of these phenomena, such as the 360-day year used in early Mesopotamian administrative practices in order to simplify accounting procedures. Historians frequently use handbooks and tables for converting dates in ancient calendars into the familiar BC/AD calendar that we use today. But very few historians understand how these tables have come about, or what assumptions have been made in their construction. The seven papers in this volume provide an answer to the question what do we know about the operation of calendars in the ancient world, and just as importantly how do we know it? Topics covered include the ancient and modern history of the Egyptian 365-day calendar, astronomical and administrative calendars in ancient Mesopotamia, and the development of astronomical calendars in ancient Greece. This book will be of interest to ancient historians, historians of science, astronomers who use early astronomical records, and anyone with an interest in calendars and their development.
Download or read book Caesar s Calendar written by Denis Feeney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-06-04 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description
Download or read book Civil Calendar and Lunar Calendar in Ancient Egypt written by Leo Depuydt and published by Peeters Publishers. This book was released on 1997 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation is concerned with ancient Egyptian calendars. Its specific focus is one of the oldest problems of the study of these calendars: the so-called problem of the month names. This work's main purpose is to suggest an explanation for the Brugsch phenomenon. The Brugsch phenomenon is one of the two main aspects of the problem of the month names. The other is the Gardiner phenomenon. No new theory is presented for the Gardiner phenomenon. As a problem, the Brugsch phenomenon is slightly older than the Gardiner Phenomenon. It has occupied center stage in the study of ancient Egyptian calendars since the early days of this endeavor. In 1870, Heinrich Brugsch, the great pioneer in this subject, wrote about the phenomenon, "Here we encounter all at once the most curious contradiction." Just recently, Rolf Krauss has described the contradiction as still "unsolved". The Brugsch phenomenon concerns the indisputable fact that the last or twelfth month of the Egyptian civil year can be named as if it were the first. Two month names are involved. The first is wp rnpt. Its meaning "opener of the year," refers to a beginning. The second month name is mswt r' "birth of Re" in hieroglyphic Egyptian, Mesore in Aramaic, Greek and Coptic. Both can otherwise also refer to New Year's Day, the quintessential calendrical beginning.
Download or read book Book of the Gods and Rites and the Ancient Calendar written by Diego Durán and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Greek and Roman Calendars written by Robert Hannah and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The smooth functioning of an ordered society depends on the possession of a means of regularising its activities over time. That means is a calendar, and its regularity is a function of how well it models the more or less regular movements of the celestial bodies - of the moon, the sun or the stars. Greek and Roman Calendars examines the ancient calendar as just such a time-piece, whose elements are readily described in astronomical and mathematical terms. The story of these calendars is one of a continuous struggle to maintain a correspondence with the regularity of the seasons and the sun, despite the fact that the calendars were usually based on the irregular moon. But on another, more human level, Greek and Roman Calendars steps beyond the merely mathematical and studies the calendar as a social instrument, which people used to organise their activities. It sets the calendars of the Greeks and Romans on a stage occupied by real people, who developed and lived with these time-pieces for a variety of purposes - agricultural, religious, political and economic.This is also a story of intersecting cultures, of Greeks with Greeks, of Greeks with Persians and Egyptians, and of Greeks with Romans, in which various calendaric traditions clashed or compromised.
Download or read book Origines Kalendari Italic Nundinal Calendars of ancient Italy Nundinal Calendar of Romulus Calendar of Numa Pompilius Calendar of the Decemvirs Irregular Roman Calendar and Julian Correction Tables of the Roman Calendar from U C 4 of Varro B C 750 to U C 1108 A D 355 written by Edward Greswell and published by . This book was released on 1854 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Feasts of the Calendar in the Book of Numbers written by Hryhoriy Lozinskyy and published by Mohr Siebeck. This book was released on 2021-12-22 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this monograph, Hryhoriy Lozinskyy studies five feasts contained in Num 28:16-30:1. Each of them is first treated in the light of biblical calendars and other related texts. The calendar in Numbers is later than an earlier version of Leviticus 23; yet the final form of Lev 23:1-44 is also a result of some later additions that took place after Num 28:1-30:1 had been composed. The author also focuses on the history of interpretation: he examines several pseudepigrapha, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and ancient Jewish writers from 200 BCE to 100 CE. He shows how these ancient sources reworked the biblical texts by expansions, clarifications, and omissions. In sum, the calendar in Numbers employs several previous traditions that dealt with the feasts, sacrifices, and calendars in order to compose the detailed list of the offerings for the appointed times. Moreover, it is a text that has been used by many ancient sources, especially in the matter of the sacrifices.
Download or read book Ancient Calendars and Constellations written by Emmeline Mary Plunket and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calendars in Antiquity written by Sacha Stern and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calendars were at the heart of ancient culture and society and were far more than just technical, time-keeping devices. Calendars in Antiquity offers a comprehensive study of the calendars of the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern world, from the origins up to and including Jewish and Christian calendars in late Antiquity.
Download or read book The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine written by Jörg Rüpke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a definitive account of the history of the Roman calendar, offering new reconstructions of its development that demand serious revisions to previous accounts. Examines the critical stages of the technical, political, and religious history of the Roman calendar Provides a comprehensive historical and social contextualization of ancient calendars and chronicles Highlights the unique characteristics which are still visible in the most dominant modern global calendar
Download or read book The Mayan and Other Ancient Calendars written by Geoff Stray and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-11-06 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only small, popular book on the important subject of ancient calendars. The study of heavenly cycles is common to most ancient cultures. The ancient Egyptians, Chinese, and Babylonians all tried to make sense of the year. But it fell to the later Mesoamerican Maya to create a series of calendars that could be cross referenced. In doing so, the Maya discovered many strange numerical harmonics. Their lunar calendar was extremely accurate-far more so than the Greek Metonic cycle; they tracked Venus to an accuracy of less than a day in five hundred years and their tables could have been used to predict eclipses seven hundred years in the future. This book will provide a much needed compact guide to the Mayan calendar systems as well as covering the essentials of calendar development throughout the world.
Download or read book Time at Emar written by Daniel E. Fleming and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2000-06-23 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent large-scale watershed projects in northern Syria, where the ancient city of Emar was located, have brought this area to light, thanks to salvage operation excavations before the area was submerged. Excavations at Meskeneh-Qadimeh on the great bend of the Euphrates River revealed this large town, which had been built in the late 14th century and then destroyed violently at the beginning of the 12th, at the end of the Bronze Age. In the town of Emar, ritual tablets were discovered in a temple that are demonstrated to have been recorded by the supervisor of the local cult, who was called the “diviner.” This religious leader also operated a significant writing center, which focused on both administering local ritual and fostering competence in Mesopotamian lore. An archaic local calendar can be distinguished from other calendars in use at Emar, both foreign and local. A second, overlapping calendar emanated from the palace and represented a rising political force in some tension with rooted local institutions. The archaic local calendar can be partially reconstructed from one ritual text that outlines the rites performed during a period of six months. The main public rite of Emar’s religious calendar was the zukru festival. This event was celebrated in a simplified annual ritual and in a more elaborate version of the ritual for seven days during every seventh year, probably serving as a pledge of loyalty to the chief god, Dagan. The Emar ritual calendar was native, in spite of various levels of outside influence, and thus offers important evidence for ancient Syrian culture. These texts are thus important for ancient Near Eastern cultic and ritual studies. Fleming’s comprehensive study lays the basic groundwork for all future study of the ritual and makes a major contribution to the study of ancient Syria.
Download or read book Origines Kalendari Italic Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy Nundinal Calendar of Romulus Calendar of Numa Pompilus Calendar of the Decemvirs Irregular Roman Calendar and Julian Correction Tables of the Roman Calendar from U C 4 of Varro B C 750 to U C 1108 A D 355 written by Edward Greswell and published by . This book was released on 1854 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Asteroid Answers to Ancient Calendar Mysteries written by Herbert B. Stollorz and published by Faith in Future Foundation. This book was released on 2008-07-03 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient calendars found around the world are designed to end one point in time. They communicate an urgent warning to everyone alive today! Complex bronze and gold clocks with multiple dials are found in museums around the world. Why they have such advanced intricacy has stumped scientists for hundreds of years.This book reveals why the ancients built so many pyramids, observatories as well as those complex gold and bronze clocks with more than one dial. It surprised me greatly to discover that their various complex designs in one way or another converge on 21 December 2012. It amazes me that ancient cultures separated by thousands of miles of geography and thousands of years in chronology agree so precisely in the cyclical nature of time, history and prophecy, which is history written in advance. The most famous example is the Mayan-Aztec calendar, which ends its 25,626-year cycle on that momentous date. Some researchers have also found 21 December 2012 in what is called, the Bible Code. Using very different research methods, I discovered it in the Bible's book of Revelation and Daniel's prophecies. It is one of the most important dates in the plan of God for all humanity!
Download or read book Origines Kalendariae Italicae Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy Nundinal of Calendar of Romulus Calendar of Numa Pompilius Calendar of the Decemvirs Irregular Roman Calendar and Julian Correctio Tables of the Roman Calendar from V C 4 of Varro B C 750 to V C 1108 A D 355 4 by Edward Greswell B D written by and published by . This book was released on 1854 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Origin and Transformation of the Ancient Israelite Festival Calendar written by Jan A. Wagenaar and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 2005 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focusses on the origin and transformation of the priestly festival calendar. Since the epoch-making work of Julius Wellhausen at the end of the 19th century the differences between the various ancient Israelite festival calendars have often been explained in terms of a gradual evolution, which shows an increasing historicisation, denaturalisation and ritualisation. The festivals were in Wellhausen's view gradually detached from agricultural conditions and celebrated more and more at fixed points in the year. This study tries to show that the changes in the priestly festival calendar reflect a conscious effort to adapt the ancient Israelite festival calendar to the semi-annual layout of the Babylonian festival year. The ramifications of the change only come to the fore after a careful study of the agricultural conditions of ancient Israel - and Mesopotamia - makes clear that passover and the festival of unleavened bread were originally celebrated in the second month of the year. The first month of the year envisaged by the priestly festival calendar for the celebration of passover and the festival of unleavened bread in turn mirrors the date of one of the two semi-annual Babylonian New Year festivals. The two Babylonian New Year festivals were celebrated exactly six months apart at the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. In order to adapt the ancient Israelite festival calendar to the Babylonian scheme with two New Year festivals a year, the date of passover and the festival of unleavened bread had to be moved up by one month. The consequences for the origin of passover, the festival of unleavened bread, the festival of weeks and the festival of huts are charted and the relations between the various ancient Israelite festival calendars are determined anew.
Download or read book Zodiac Calendars in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Their Reception written by Helen R. Jacobus and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ancient mathematical basis of the Aramaic calendars in the Dead Sea Scrolls is analysed in this investigation. Helen R. Jacobus re-examines an Aramaic zodiac calendar with a thunder divination text (4Q318) and the calendar from the Aramaic Astronomical Book (4Q208 - 4Q209), all from Qumran. Jacobus demonstrates that 4Q318 is an ancestor of the Jewish calendar today and that it helps us to understand 4Q208 - 4Q209. She argues that these calendars were taught in antiquity as angelic knowledge described in 1 Enoch and the Book of Jubilees. The study also encompasses Babylonian, Hellenistic, Byzantine astronomy and astrology, and classical and Jewish writings. Finally, a medieval Hebrew zodiac calendar related to 4Q318 with an astrological text is published here for the first time.
