Download or read book Calculating Tropical Cyclone Critical Wind Radii and Storm Size Using NSCAT Winds written by Scott G. Magnan and published by . This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subjective and objective analyses of satellite scatterometer near- surface winds are utilized to estimate tropical cyclone (TC) critical wind radii and size over a region of the western North Pacific. An outer wind profile assuming a linear slope dependent on the TC latitude is used to determine the radial extent of cyclonic winds beyond a set radius. Inside the set radius, a partial conservation of angular momentum is assumed into the TC maximum wind radius and the 35, -50, and 100-kt radii are calculated. Nine TCs were investigated during the operating period of the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT). Critical wind radii values in four quadrants (front, right, rear, and left) of the TCs are found to be comparable to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) critical wind radii values issued in warnings. The radial extent of cyclonic winds are also comparable to the radius of zero winds estimated by determining where the cyclonic flow turned to anticyclonic flow in the NSCAT sea-surface wind swaths.
Download or read book Calculating Tropical Cyclone Critical Wind Radii and Storm Size Using NSCAT Winds written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating Maximum Wind Speed of Tropical Storms from High Resolution of Infrared Data written by Lester F. Hubert and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Geostationary satellite Cloud Vectors to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Intensity written by Carl O. Erickson and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Outer Radius Tangential Winds of Tropical Cyclones written by Stephen B. Cocks and published by . This book was released on 1997-07-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of the strength and horizontal extent of damaging winds from the center of a tropical cyclone is crucial for coastline preparations, forecasting coastal flooding and shipping interests. This study attempts to improve our understanding, estimation and prediction of the outer wind profiles of typhoons. The mean radii of 30 knot (R30), 50 knot (R50) and 65 knot (R65) winds are calculated using aircraft reconnaissance, satellite and synoptic data for 35 tropical cyclones during approximately 300 different time periods. By examining the change in the outer wind profile with time and central pressure, three cyclone classes were noted. One class of cyclones experiences a R30 increase which persists at least one day past its maximum intensity; these are termed 'delayed.' Another class experiences a trend in R30 that follows the trend in the central pressure; these are termed as 'simultaneous'. Similar differences were noted for R50 and R65 in simultaneous and delayed cyclones. However, the differences in the two cyclone classes diminish as one goes closer to the inner core. A less common class of cyclone had R30 values that were very large from the beginning of their formation and remained large throughout most of its life cycle. These were designated 'gyre' cyclones. Changes in outer winds as related to time of year, cyclone direction of motion, cyclone size and intensity are discussed for these cyclone classes. Composites of each cyclone class were created and the life cycle of the outer winds, central pressure, eye size, and synoptic size were investigated.
Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis Using Satellite Data written by Vernon F. Dvorak and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Technique for Predicting Surface Wind Distributions of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific written by Ted L. Tsui and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate initial estimates and forecasts of radii of winds over 30 kt and 50 kt around tropical cyclones are important requirements for Navy decision-making and operations. This report describes a diagnostic study of tropical cyclone surface wind distribution that was conducted by using data extracted from tropical cyclone warnings issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam, during the period 1966-77. Results from two different data analyses show that: (1) The tangential wind speed along the radial axis decreases exponentially outward from the radius of maximum wind; (2) In addition to persistence, the change of a tropical cyclone's size depends only on the change of the maximum wind; and (3) The asymmetric shape of the isotachs correlates highly to the speed of movement. Based on these findings, a statistical wind-radius forecast model was formulated and tested on independent 1979 data. Results show that a time lag exists between the change of maximum wind and the change of wind radii, which suggests that the wind-pressure gradient adjustments may originate from the inner core of the storm and slowly propagate outward. The results also indicate that the statistical forecast model possesses a skill equal to that of an average JTWC forecaster's wind radius forecast. (Author).
Download or read book Estimating the Probability of Operationally Critical Wind Speeds Affecting an Air Base During the Passage of a Tropical Cyclone written by Herbert S. Appleman and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ANCE THE COST OF PROTECTION AGAINST THE DAMAGE INCURRED BY AN UNPROTEA forecast of a tr pical cyclone to pass in the vicinity of a base requir certain decisions to be made, such as whether t tie down or evacuate aircraft, delay construction projects, removn. issiles from firing pads, etc. A decision to take such protective action is based primarily on the expectancy of occurrence of wind speeds above a critical value considered hazardous to that particular installation. In order to bal-ANCE THE COST OF PROTECTION AGAINST THE DAMAGE INCURRED BY AN UNPROTEA forecast of a tr pical cyclone to pass in the vicinity of a base requir certain decisions to be made, such as whether t tie down or evacuate aircraft, delay construction projects, remove missiles from firing pads, etc. A decision to take such protective action is based primarily on the expectancy of occurrence of wind speeds above a critical value considered hazardous to that particular installation. In order to bal-ANCE THE COST OF PROTECTION AGAINST THE DAMAGE INCURRED BY AN UNPROTECTED BASE, THE COMMANDER MUST KNOW THE PROBABILITY OF HIS INSTALLATION BEING STRUCK BY ABOVE-CRITICAL WIND SPEEDS DURING THE PASSAGE OF THE STORM. In June 1958, Air Weather Service published a technical report (AD 218 559) which outlined a method for computing the total probability of above-critical wind speeds affecting an airbase at some time during the passage of a hurricane or typhoon. A technique was developed for obtaining the instantaneous probability of strong winds affecting a base at each hour during the storm's passage, and a somewhat different approach was used to obtain the hour-by-hour instantaneous probability. Since an estimate of both the total and hourly probabthe en ire problem. (Author).
Download or read book Vertical Shear of the Horizontal Wind Speed in Tropical Cyclones written by John Bates and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Predictions written by U.C. Mohanty and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals primarily with monitoring, prediction and understanding of Tropical Cyclones (TCs). It was envisioned to serve as a teaching and reference resource at universities and academic institutions for researchers and post-graduate students. It has been designed to provide a broad outlook on recent advances in observations, assimilation and modeling of TCs with detailed and advanced information on genesis, intensification, movement and storm surge prediction. Specifically, it focuses on (i) state-of-the-art observations for advancing TC research, (ii) advances in numerical weather prediction for TCs, (iii) advanced assimilation and vortex initialization techniques, (iv) ocean coupling, (v) current capabilities to predict TCs, and (vi) advanced research in physical and dynamical processes in TCs. The chapters in the book are authored by leading international experts from academic, research and operational environments. The book is also expected to stimulate critical thinking for cyclone forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, and graduate and post-graduate students to carry out future research in the field of TCs.
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2002-05 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Objective Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Strength and Size Using Routine Aircraft Reconnaissance Data written by Charles Baynard Stanfield and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of objectively analyzing routine aircraft reconnaissance data for the purpose of quantifying tropical cyclone intensity, strength, and size is examined. A computer program is developed which may be used in near real time or after the fact to evaluate localized pressure/wind relationships in the tropical cyclone environment. This program compensates for the system motion and the relative position of the point of observation relative to the vortex center location at flight level and at the surface (thus accounting for the vertical tilt of the center). A representative set of data is obtained over a 13 month period for the entire spectrum of storms from tropical depression to super typhoon. These data are used to try to establish empirical pressure/wind relationships and a means of determining effective storm size. It is shown that a program of this nature may be used with gradient wind and pressure gradient relationships to evaluate intensity and strength and to define storm size, provided adequate data are available at sufficient distances from the center. (Author).
Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Wind Probability Forecasting WINDP written by Jerry D. Jarrell and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of a model to estimate 30 and 50 kt wind probabilities from tropical cyclone forecasts is described. Some examples to illustrate the use of probabilities are discussed. The model is based on position forecast errors, which are used to determine the probability of a cyclone occupying a particular geographical position, and on wind profile errors. Wind profile errors consist of errors in the forecast maximum wind and errors in the forecast radius of 30 and 50 kt winds. The profile errors are used to estimate the probability of 30 an 50 kt winds occurring at a point, given that the cyclone occupies a particular position. These position and wind probability elements are combined by using an assumption of independence which is supported by correlation coefficients. The model, which includes features of the earlier strike probability model, is tested on independent data. Test results are shown to illustrate good agreement between forecast probability and the frequency of occurrence of 30 and 50 kt winds. (Author).
Download or read book Climatology of 24 hour North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Movements written by George W. Cry and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Sizes of the North Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones Based on 34 And 64 Kt Wind Radii Data 2004 2013 written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-22 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At end of the 2012 hurricane season the National Hurricane Center retired the original HURDAT dataset and replaced it with the newer version HURDAT2, which reformatted the original data and included additional information, in particular, estimates of the 34-, 50, and 64-kt wind radii for the interval 2004-2013. During the brief 10-year interval, some 164 tropical cyclones are noted to have formed in the North Atlantic basin, with 77 becoming hurricanes. Hurricane Sandy (2012) stands out as being the largest individual storm that occurred in the North Atlantic basin during the 2004 -2013 timeframe, both in terms of its 34- and 64-kt wind radii and wind areas, having maximum 34- and 64-kt wind radii, maximum wind areas, and average wind areas each more than 2 standard deviations larger than the corresponding means. In terms of the largest yearly total 34-kt wind area (i.e., the sum of all individual storm 34-kt wind areas during the year), the year 2010 stands out as being the largest (about 423 × 10(exp 6) nmi(exp 2)), compared to the mean of about 174 × 10(exp 6) nmi(exp 2)), surpassing the year 2005 (353 x 10(exp 6) nmi(exp 2)) that had the largest number of individual storms (28). However, in terms of the largest yearly total 64-kt wind area, the year 2005 was the largest (about 9 × 10(exp 6) nmi(exp 2)), compared to the mean of about 3 × 106 nmi(exp 2)). Interesting is that the ratio of total 64-kt wind area to total 34-kt wind area has decreased over time, from 0.034 in 2004 to 0.008 in 2013. Wilson, Robert M. Marshall Space Flight Center CYCLONES; HURRICANES; CLIMATOLOGY; DATA SYSTEMS; RADII; WIND MEASUREMENT; WIND (METEOROLOGY); DATA COLLECTION PLATFORMS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Size in Observations and in Radiative convective Equilibrium written by Daniel Robert Chavas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical cyclone size remains an unsolved problem in tropical meteorology, yet size plays a significant role in the damage caused by tropical cyclones due to wind, storm surge, and inland freshwater flooding. This work explores size, defined as the radius of vanishing wind, in observations and at equilibrium in an idealized numerical model. First, a climatology of size is created from the QuikSCAT database of near-surface wind vectors for the years 1999-2008. Globally, the distribution of the outer radius is found to be log-normal, with statistically significant variation across ocean basins, but with minimal correlation with various dynamic and thermodynamic parameters. Second, the sensitivity of the structure of a numerically-simulated axisymmetric tropical cyclone at statistical equilibrium to the set of relevant model, initial, and environmental external parameters is explored. The analysis is performed in a highly-idealized state of radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE). The non-dimensional equilibrium radial wind profile is found to be modulated primarily by a single nondimensional parameter given by the ratio of the storm radial length scale to the parameterized eddy radial length scale. The relevant storm length scale is shown to be the ratio of the potential intensity to the Coriolis parameter, matching the prediction for the "natural" storm length scale in prevailing axisymmetric tropical cyclone theory. The outer storm circulation is further modulated by a second non-dimensional parameter that represents the non-dimensional Ekman suction rate. Third, size is explored in three-dimensional "tropical cyclone world" simulations, with preliminary results confirming the relevant length scale obtained in axisymmetry. Ultimately, the results of the equilibrium storm analysis are insufficient to explain the observed distribution of tropical cyclone size, but they provide the first steps toward a more fundamental understanding of the dynamics of size.
Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Origin Movement and Intensity Characteristics Based on Data Compositing Techniques written by W. M. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date results of recent tropical cyclone research at Colorado State University are presented. Particular attention is paid to new findings which impact on tropical cyclone analysis and forecasting efforts. Observational studies using large amounts of composited rawinsonde, satellite, and aircraft flight data have been performed to analyze global aspects of tropical cyclone occurrences, physical processes of tropical cyclone genesis, tropical cyclone intensity change, environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone turning motion 24-36 hours before the turn takes place, tropical cyclone intensity determination from upper tropospheric reconnaissance, and the diurnal variations of vertical motion in tropical weather systems. (Author).
