Download or read book CO2 in Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes written by R.E. Zeebe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation.Presenting the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others.The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.

Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.

Download or read book Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Equilibria and Their Applications written by James N. Butler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion comprise the most important acid-base system in natural waters, and the equilibria between them regulate the pH of seawater, as well as most rainwater, stream water, river water, and groundwater. Carbon Dioxide Equilibria and Their Applications provides a clear, compact presentation of this topic,

Download or read book Marine Carbon Biogeochemistry written by Jack J. Middelburg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses biogeochemical processes relevant to carbon and aims to provide readers, graduate students and researchers, with insight into the functioning of marine ecosystems. A carbon centric approach has been adopted, but other elements are included where relevant or needed. The book focuses on concepts and quantitative understanding of primary production, organic matter mineralization and sediment biogeochemistry. The impact of biogeochemical processes on inorganic carbon dynamics and organic matter transformation are also discussed.

Download or read book The Chemistry and Fertility of Sea Waters written by H. W. Harvey and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate written by Mick Follows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our desire to understand the global carbon cycle and its link to the climate system represents a huge challenge. These overarching questions have driven a great deal of scientific endeavour in recent years: What are the basic oceanic mechanisms which control the oceanic carbon reservoirs and the partitioning of carbon between ocean and atmosphere? How do these mechanisms depend on the state of the climate system and how does the carbon cycle feed back on climate? What is the current rate at which fossil fuel carbon dioxide is absorbed by the oceans and how might this change in the future? To begin to answer these questions we must first understand the distribution of carbon in the ocean, its partitioning between different ocean reservoirs (the "solubility" and "biological" pumps of carbon), the mechanisms controlling these reservoirs, and the relationship of the significant physical and biological processes to the physical environment. The recent surveys from the JGOFS and WOCE (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and World Ocean Circulation Ex periment) programs have given us a first truly global survey of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. These new, high quality data provide the opportunity to better quantify the present oceans reservoirs of carbon and the changes due to fossil fuel burning. In addition, diverse process studies and time-series observations have clearly revealed the complexity of interactions between nutrient cycles, ecosystems, the carbon-cycle and the physical envi ronment.

Download or read book Ionic Equilibrium written by James N. Butler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-04-13 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A celebrated classic in the field updated and expanded to includethe latest computerized calculation techniques In 1964, James N. Butler published a book in which he presentedsome simple graphical methods of performing acid-base, solubility,and complex formation equilibrium calculations. Today, both thebook and these methods have become standard for generations ofstudents and professionals in fields ranging from environmentalscience to analytical chemistry. Named a "Citation Classic" by theScience Citation Index in 1990, the book, Ionic Equilibrium,continues to be one of the most widely used texts on the subject.So why tamper with near-perfection by attempting a revision of thatclassic? The reason is simple-- the recent rapid development andwide availability of personal computers. In the revised Ionic Equilibrium, Dr. Butler updates his 1964 workby abandoning the slide rule and graph paper for the PCspreadsheet. He also expands the original coverage with extensivematerial on basic principles and recent research. The first part of Ionic Equilibrium is devoted to the fundamentalsof acid-base, solubility, and complex formation equilibria. In thesecond part, the author discusses oxidation-reduction equilibria,develops the principles of carbon dioxide equilibria, presents casestudies demonstrating the ways in which carbon dioxide equilibriaare used in physiology and oceanography, and explores thepossibility of a pH scale for brines. The concluding chapter,written by David R. Cogley, gives examples of general computerprograms that are capable of performing equilibrium calculations onsystems of many components. Replete with real-world examples, details of importantcalculations, and practical problems, Ionic Equilibrium is an idealcourse text for students of environmental chemistry, engineering,or health; analytical chemistry; oceanography; geochemistry;biochemistry; physical chemistry; and clinical chemistry. It isalso a valuable working resource for professionals in those fieldsas well as industrial chemists involved with solution chemistry.

Download or read book The Changing Carbon Cycle written by John R. Trabalka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Government, cognizant of its responsibilities to future generations, has been sponsoring research for nine years into the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (C0 ) in the atmosphere. Agencies such as the National Science Foun 2 dation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) cooperatively spent about $100 million from FY 1978 through FY 1984 directly on the study of CO • The DOE, as the 2 lead government agency for coordinating the government' s research ef forts, has been responsible for about 60% of these research efforts. William James succinctly defined our purpose when he stated science must be based upon " ... irreducible and stubborn facts." Scientific knowledge can and will reduce the present significant uncertainty sur rounding our understanding of the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increasing atmospheric CO2• We have come far during the past seven years in resolving some underlyinig doubts and in narrowing the ranges of disagreement. Basic concepts have become less murky. Yet, much more must be accomplished; more irreducible and stubborn facts are needed to reduce the uncertainties so that we can improve our knowledge base. Uncertainty can never be reduced to zero. However, with a much improved knowledge base, we will be able to learn, under stand, and be in a position to make decisions.

Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods of Seawater Analysis written by Klaus Grasshoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the book first appeared in 1976, Methods of Seawater Analysis has found widespread acceptance as a reliable and detailed source of information. Its second extended and revised edition published in 1983 reflected the rapid pace of instrumental and methodological evolution in the preceding years. The development has lost nothing of its momentum, and many methods and procedures still suffering their teething troubles then have now matured into dependable tools for the analyst. This is especially evident for trace and ultra-trace analyses of organic and inorganic seawater constituents which have diversified considerably and now require more space for their description than before. Methods to determine volatile halocarbons, dimethyl sulphide, photosynthetic pigments and natural radioactive tracers have been added as well as applications of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods for trace metal analysis. Another method not previously described deals with the determination of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide as part of standardised procedures to describe the marine CO2 system.

Download or read book Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements written by Andrew Gilmore Dickson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calcium Equilibria in Sea Water written by James Clark Hindman and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coastal Hydrogeology written by Jimmy Jiao and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a comprehensive volume discussing groundwater problems in coastal areas, spanning fundamental science to practical water management.

Download or read book Principles of Chemical Sedimentology written by Robert A. Berner and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1971 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Review of physical chemistry. Ion activities in natural waters. Calcium carbonate chemistry in surface waters. Evaporite formation. Diagenetic processes. Diagenetic redox reactions in the system C-N-S-H-O. Diagenesis of Ca-Mg carbonates. Formation and alteration of silica and clay minerals. Diagenesis of iron minerals.

Download or read book Ternary Systems written by H. Stephen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds, Volume 2: Ternary Systems, Part I focuses on a selection from the International Chemical Literature on the Solubilities of Elements, Inorganic Compounds, Metallo-organic Compounds, and Organic Compounds in Ternary and Multicomponent Systems. The book underscores that Tables 1-4955 deal with Ternary Systems, while Tables 4956 et seq. are devoted to Multicomponent Systems. The first tables are systems in which an Element is a component, and these are supported by data for systems containing Inorganic Compounds and then Metallo-organic Compounds. The ion of ammonia is placed at the end of the first Group. The text also presents the arrangement of the compounds of elements. These include oxides and their hydrates and salts of halogen and other acids. The book is a dependable reference for readers interested in studying the solubilities of inorganic and organic compounds.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geochemistry written by C.P. Marshall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-07-31 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a complete and authoritative reference text on an evolving field. Over 200 international scientists have written over 340 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including organics, trace elements, isotopes, high and low temperature geochemistry, and ore deposits, to name just a few.