Download or read book Caddoan Saltmakers in the Ouachita Valley written by Ann M. Early and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Hardman site, on the Saline Bayou in the Ouachita River valley of Arkansas, nearly 1,000 features were uncovered: postmold outlines of structures, an encircling compound fence and other facilities, pits, hearths, and human burials. The features and midden contained saltpan and other ceramics, lithic artifcats and debris, floral and faunal remains, and human remains. Analyses show the site had at least five components, including a Mid-Ouachita phase (ca. A.D. 1400-1500) Caddoan farmstead, and a Deceiper phase (ca A.D. 1650-1700) Caddoan habitation and burial site. Occupants of the site evaporated salt from Saline Bayou water, grew maize and other crops, and used a wide array of wild resources, including large amounts of pine timber from the neighboring uplands. Skeletal remains show evidence of a previously unknown disease that may be related to saltmaking, but also show that the Hardman inhabitants had better nutrition and general health than other nearby protohistoric populations, with no evidence of disease or social disruption from contact with Europeans. Saltmaking took place at the site from before A.D. 1400 to the end of the Deceiper phase occupation. Burial practices, skeletal evidence, and information from other sites in the Ouachita and Arkansas valleys indicate salt was made for local consumption in the Mid-Ouachita phase, but became an item of trade with Arkansas valley populations by the Deceiper phase. Trade routes may have included canoe travel down the Ouachita River and up Bayou Bartholomew to the vicinity of the Quapaw communities on the Arkansas River. Saltmaking, however, was probably never more than a part-time activity among farming famillies living along Saline Bayou. The site was abandoned before permanent European settlement in the valley.
Download or read book The Archaeology of the Caddo written by Timothy K. Perttula and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark volume provides the most comprehensive overview to date of the prehistory and archaeology of the Caddo peoples. The Caddos lived in the Southeastern Woodlands for more than 900 years beginning around AD 800?900, before being forced to relocate to Oklahoma in 1859. They left behind a spectacular archaeological record, including the famous Spiro Mound site in Oklahoma as well as many other mound centers, plazas, farmsteads, villages, and cemeteries. The Archaeology of the Caddo examines new advances in studying the history of the Caddo peoples, including ceramic analysis, reconstructions of settlement and regional histories of different Caddo communities, Geographic Information Systems and geophysical landscape studies at several spatial scales, the cosmological significance of mound and structure placements, and better ways to understand mortuary practices. Findings from major sites and drainages such as the Crenshaw site, mounds in the Arkansas River basin, Spiro Mound, the Oak Hill Village site, the George C. Davis site, the Willow Chute Bayou Locality, the Hughes site, Big Cypress Creek basin, and the McClelland and Joe Clark sites are also summarized and interpreted. This volume reintroduces the Caddos? heritage, creativity, and political and religious complexity.
Download or read book A Rediscovering of Caddo Heritage written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians 1540 1760 written by Robbie Ethridge and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With essays by Stephen Davis, Penelope Drooker, Patricia K. Galloway, Steven Hahn, Charles Hudson, Marvin Jeter, Paul Kelton, Timothy Pertulla, Christopher Rodning, Helen Rountree, Marvin T. Smith, and John Worth The first two-hundred years of Western civilization in the Americas was a time when fundamental and sometimes catastrophic changes occurred in Native American communities in the South. In The Transformation of the Southeastern Indians, 1540–1760, historians, anthropologists, and archaeologists provide perspectives on how this era shaped American Indian society for later generations and how it even affects these communities today. This collection of essays presents the most current scholarship on the social history of the South, identifying and examining the historical forces, trends, and events that were attendant to the formation of the Indians of the colonial South. The essayists discuss how Southeastern Indian culture and society evolved. They focus on such aspects as the introduction of European diseases to the New World, long-distance migration and relocation, the influences of the Spanish mission system, the effects of the English plantation system, the northern fur trade of the English, and the French, Dutch, and English trade of Indian slaves and deerskins in the South. This book covers the full geographic and social scope of the Southeast, including the indigenous peoples of Florida, Virginia, Maryland, the Appalachian Mountains, the Carolina Piedmont, the Ohio Valley, and the Central and Lower Mississippi Valleys.
Download or read book The Caddo Nation written by Timothy K. Perttula and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1992 and now updated with a new preface by the author and a foreword by Thomas R. Hester, "The Caddo Nation" investigates the early contacts between the Caddoan peoples of the present-day Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Arkansas region and Europeans, including the Spanish, French, and some Euro-Americans. Perttula's study explores Caddoan cultural change from the perspectives of both archaeological data and historical, ethnographic, and archival records. The work focuses on changes from A.D. 1520 to ca. A.D. 1800 and challenges many long-standing assumptions about the nature of these changes.
Download or read book Arkansas Archaeology Essays in Honor of Dan and Phyllis Morse p written by Robert C. Mainfort and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Between Contacts and Colonies written by Cameron B. Wesson and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2002-10-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays brings together diverse approaches to the analysis of Native American culture in the protohistoric period For most Native American peoples of the Southeast, almost two centuries passed between first contact with European explorers in the 16th century and colonization by whites in the 18th century—a temporal span commonly referred to as the Protohistoric period. A recent flurry of interest in this period by archaeologists armed with an improved understanding of the complexity of culture contact situations and important new theoretical paradigms has illuminated a formerly dark time frame. This volume pulls together the current work of archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to demonstrate a diversity of approaches to studying protohistory. Contributors address different aspects of political economy, cultural warfare, architecture, sedentism, subsistence, foods, prestige goods, disease, and trade. From examination of early documents by René Laudonnière and William Bartram to a study of burial goods distribution patterns; and from an analysis of Caddoan research in Arkansas and Louisiana to an interesting comparison of Apalachee and Powhatan elites, this volume ranges broadly in subject matter. What emerges is a tantalizingly clear view of the protohistoric period in North America.
Download or read book Caddo Connections written by Jeffrey S. Girard and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the latest archaeological fieldwork, Caddo Connections looks at the highly dynamic cultural landscape of the Caddo Area and its complex interconnections and exchanges with surrounding regions. The authors employ a multiscalar approach to examine cultural diversity through time and across space within the Caddo Area. They explore how and why this diversity developed, consider what allowed it to stabilize during the Mississippian period, and analyze changes following contact between historic Caddo peoples and Europeans. Looking beyond individual river valleys to the broader macroregion, they also address the linkages connecting the Caddo Area with the Southeast, southern Plains, and Southwest.
Download or read book Artifacts written by Charles R. Ewen and published by Rowman Altamira. This book was released on 2003 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Archaeologist's Toolkit is an integrated set of seven volumes designed to teach novice archaeologists and students the basics of doing archaeological fieldwork, analysis, and presentation. Students are led through the process of designing a study, doing survey work, excavating, properly working with artifacts and biological remains, curating their materials, and presenting findings to various audiences. The volumes-written by experienced field archaeologists-are full of practical advice, tips, case studies, and illustrations to help the reader. All of this is done with careful attention to promoting a conservation ethic and an understanding of the legal and practical environment of contemporary American cultural resource laws and regulations. The Toolkit is an essential resource for anyone working in the field and ideal for training archaeology students in classrooms and field schools.
Download or read book The Woodland Southeast written by David G. Anderson and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2002-05-10 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents, for the first time, a much-needed synthesis of the major research themes and findings that characterize the Woodland Period in the southeastern United States. The Woodland Period (ca. 1200 B.C. to A.D. 1000) has been the subject of a great deal of archaeological research over the past 25 years. Researchers have learned that in this approximately 2000-year era the peoples of the Southeast experienced increasing sedentism, population growth, and organizational complexity. At the beginning of the period, people are assumed to have been living in small groups, loosely bound by collective burial rituals. But by the first millennium A.D., some parts of the region had densely packed civic ceremonial centers ruled by hereditary elites. Maize was now the primary food crop. Perhaps most importantly, the ancient animal-focused and hunting-based religion and cosmology were being replaced by solar and warfare iconography, consistent with societies dependent on agriculture, and whose elites were increasingly in competition with one another. This volume synthesizes the research on what happened during this era and how these changes came about while analyzing the period's archaeological record. In gathering the latest research available on the Woodland Period, the editors have included contributions from the full range of specialists working in the field, highlighted major themes, and directed readers to the proper primary sources. Of interest to archaeologists and anthropologists, both professional and amateur, this will be a valuable reference work essential to understanding the Woodland Period in the Southeast.
Download or read book Contact Colonialism and Native Communities in the Southeastern United States written by Edmond A. Boudreaux III and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The years AD 1500–1700 were a time of dramatic change for the indigenous inhabitants of southeastern North America, yet Native histories during this era have been difficult to reconstruct due to a scarcity of written records before the eighteenth century. Using archaeology to enhance our knowledge of the period, Contact, Colonialism, and Native Communities in the Southeastern United States presents new research on the ways Native societies responded to early contact with Europeans. Featuring sites from Kentucky to Mississippi to Florida, these case studies investigate how indigenous groups were affected by the expeditions of explorers such as Hernando de Soto, Pánfilo de Narváez, and Juan Pardo. Contributors re-create the social geography of the Southeast during this time, trace the ways Native institutions changed as a result of colonial encounters, and emphasize the agency of indigenous populations in situations of contact. They demonstrate the importance of understanding the economic, political, and social variability that existed between Native and European groups. Bridging the gap between historical records and material artifacts, this volume answers many questions and opens up further avenues for exploring these transformative centuries, pushing the field of early contact studies in new theoretical and methodological directions. A volume in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series
Download or read book Forging Southeastern Identities written by Gregory A. Waselkov and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forging Southeastern Identities explores the many ways archaeologists and ethnohistorians define and trace the origins of Native Americans' collective social identity.
Download or read book Salt in Eastern North America and the Caribbean written by Ashley A. Dumas and published by University Alabama Press. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case studies examining the archaeological record of an overlooked mineral Salt, once a highly prized trade commodity essential for human survival, is often overlooked in research because it is invisible in the archaeological record. Salt in Eastern North America and the Caribbean: History and Archaeology brings salt back into archaeology, showing that it was valued as a dietary additive, had curative powers, and was a substance of political power and religious significance for Native Americans. Major salines were embedded in collective memories and oral traditions for thousands of years as places where physical and spiritual needs could be met. Ethnohistoric documents for many Indian cultures describe the uses of and taboos and other beliefs about salt. The volume is organized into two parts: Salt Histories and Salt in Society. Case studies from prehistory to post-Contact and from New York to Jamaica address what techniques were used to make salt, who was responsible for producing it, how it was used, the impact it had on settlement patterns and sociopolitical complexity, and how economies of salt changed after European contact. Noted salt archaeologist Heather McKillop provides commentary to conclude the volume. .
Download or read book The La Salle Expedition to Texas written by William Foster and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-08 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Those of us who knew how to swim crossed to the other bank. But a number of our company did not know how to swim, and I was among that number. One of the Indians gave me a sign to go get a nearly dry log . . . then, fastening a strap on each end, he made us understand that we should hold on to the log with one arm and try to swim with the other arm and our feet . . . While trying to swim . . . I accidentally hit the Father in the stomach. At that moment he thought he was lost and, I assure you, he invoked the patron saint of his order, St. Francis, with all his heart. I could not keep from laughing although I could see I was in peril of drowning. But the Indians on the other side saw all this and came to our help . . . “Still there were others to get across. . . . We made the Indians understand that they must go help them, but because they had become disgusted by the last trip, they did not want to return again. This distressed us greatly.”—From Henri Joute’s journal, March 23, 1687, shortly after La Salle was murdered. The La Salle Expedition in Texas presents the definitive English translation of Henri Joutel’s classic account of Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle’s 1684–1687 expedition to establish a fort and colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Written from detailed notes taken during this historic journey, Joutel’s journal is the most comprehensive and authoritative account available of this dramatic story of adventure and misadventure in Texas. Joutel, who served as post commander for La Salle, describes in accurate and colorful detail the daily experiences and precise route La Salle’s party followed in 1687 from the Texas coast to the Mississippi River. By carefully comparing Joutel’s compass directions and detailed descriptions to maps and geographic locations, Foster has established where La Salle was murdered by his men, and has corrected many erroneous geographic interpretations made by French and American scholars during the past century. Joutel’s account is a captivating narrative set in a Texas coastal wilderness. Foster follows Joutel, La Salle, and their fellow adventurers as they encounter Indians and their unique cultures; enormous drifting herds of bison; and unknown flora and fauna, including lethal flowering cactus fruit and rattlesnakes. The cast of characters includes priests and soldiers, deserters and murderers, Indian leaders, and a handful of French women who worked side-by-side with the men. It is a remarkable first hand tale of dramatic adventure as these diverse individuals meet and interact on the grand landscape of Texas. Joutel’s journal, newly translated by Johanna S. Warren, is edited and annotated with an extensive introduction by William C. Foster. The account is accompanied by numerous detailed maps and the first published English translation of the testimony of Pierre Meunier, one of the most knowledgeable and creditable survivors of La Salle’s expedition.
Download or read book Arkansas Forgotten Land of Plenty written by Ronald R. Switzer and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2019-10-14 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first decades of the 1800s, white Americans entered the rugged lands of Arkansas, which they had little explored before. They established new towns and developed commercial enterprises alongside Native Americans indigenous to Arkansas and other tribes and nations that had relocated there from the East. This history is also the story of Arkansas's people, and is told through numerous biographies, highlighting early life in frontier Arkansas over a period of 200 years. The book provides a categorical look at commerce and portrays the social diversity represented by both prominent and common Arkansans--all grappling for success against extraordinary circumstances.
Download or read book The Forgotten Expedition 1804 1805 written by Trey Berry and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The team of the "Grand Expedition," as it was optimistically named, was the first to send its findings on the newly annexed territory to the president, who received Dunbar and Hunter's detailed journals with pleasure. They include descriptions of flora and fauna, geology, weather, landscapes, and native peoples and European settlers, as well as astronomical and navigational records that allowed the first accurate English maps of the region and its waterways to be produced. Their scientific experiments conducted at the hot springs may be among the first to discover a microscopic phenomena still under research today."--Jacket.
Download or read book Forest Farmsteads written by Ann M. Early and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
