Download or read book Business Households Financial Capital and Public Authority in India 1650 1818 written by Sudev J. Sheth and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterizing major transformations in Indian state and society during the twilight of the Mughal Empire (1707-1793), the emergence of regional successor polities (1721-1818), and the consolidation of British colonial rule (1757-1858) has engaged historians of South Asia since Irfan Habib's landmark study The Agrarian System of Mughal India in 1963. Habib argued that the Mughal state extorted surplus produced by peasants, effectively reducing them to low levels of subsistence. As a response, peasants revolted and their shifting allegiances contributed to the growth of regional polities across the subcontinent. Over the years, various scholars have responded to Habib's contention. Historians of Mughal India have offered new theories of imperial crises or have rejected the decline thesis altogether, while scholars of the early colonial period have shown how mercantilist regimes like the British East India Company infiltrated South Asian political economy and paved the way for colonial rule. While empirically rich, these studies are inadequate in their portrayal of local life during political unrest. Simply put, most scholars rely too heavily on documentation produced by mature state bureaucracies. As a result, historical work on how locals experienced a deteriorating Mughal administration and the mechanisms by which provincial warlords became significant nodes of public authority remains long overdue. Focusing on eighteenth-century Gujarat, I investigate how the Mughals lost control of Empire and how an upwardly mobile, tribute-seeking lineage called the Gaekwads became a prominent state in its wake. I rely on manuscript sources in Persian and Gujarati, and archival materials in Sanskrit, French, Marathi, and English to understand the merchant-bankers who supplied finance to a Mughal administration in distress, and on newer financiers who were becoming the lynchpin of various reorganizational schemes of its successors. Finance was becoming a prized commodity, and analyzing how different groups positioned themselves around maneuvering capital is essential for understanding statecraft and local power relations. By analyzing how the regional apparatus of an early modern empire waned, and how roving bandits became legitimate nodes of authority in its place, this dissertation contributes to the literature on state formation, land rights in late-precolonial South Asia, and Indian business history.

Download or read book Merchants of Virtue written by Divya Cherian and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-12-27 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Winner of the 2022 Joseph W. Elder Prize in the Indian Social Sciences Merchants of Virtue explores the question of what it meant to be Hindu in precolonial South Asia. Divya Cherian presents a fine-grained study of everyday life and local politics in the kingdom of Marwar in eighteenth-century western India to uncover how merchants enforced their caste ideals of vegetarianism and bodily austerity as universal markers of Hindu identity. Using legal strategies and alliances with elites, these merchants successfully remade the category of “Hindu,” setting it in contrast to “Untouchable” in a process that reconfigured Hinduism in caste terms. In a history pertinent to understanding India today, Cherian establishes the centrality of caste to the early-modern Hindu self and to its imagination of inadmissible others.

Download or read book How the East Was Won written by Andrew Phillips and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-14 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did upstart outsiders forge vast new empires in early modern Asia, laying the foundations for today's modern mega-states of India and China? In How the East Was Won, Andrew Phillips reveals the crucial parallels uniting the Mughal Empire, the Qing Dynasty and the British Raj. Vastly outnumbered and stigmatised as parvenus, the Mughals and Manchus pioneered similar strategies of cultural statecraft, first to build the multicultural coalitions necessary for conquest, and then to bind the indigenous collaborators needed to subsequently uphold imperial rule. The English East India Company later adapted the same 'define and conquer' and 'define and rule' strategies to carve out the West's biggest colonial empire in Asia. Refuting existing accounts of the 'rise of the West', this book foregrounds the profoundly imitative rather than innovative character of Western colonialism to advance a new explanation of how universal empires arise and endure.

Download or read book Merchant Cultures written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The way merchants trade, think about business and represent commerce in art forms define merchant culture. The world between 1500 and 1800 encompassed different merchant cultures that stood alone and in contact with others. Culture, power relations and institutions framed similarities and differences and outlined the global outcome of these exchanges.

Download or read book Prominent Families of New York written by Lyman Horace Weeks and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sacred Mandates written by Timothy Brook and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary discussions of international relations in Asia tend to be tethered in the present, unmoored from the historical contexts that give them meaning. Sacred Mandates, edited by Timothy Brook, Michael van Walt van Praag, and Miek Boltjes, redresses this oversight by examining the complex history of inter-polity relations in Inner and East Asia from the thirteenth century to the twentieth, in order to help us understand and develop policies to address challenges in the region today. This book argues that understanding the diversity of past legal orders helps explain the forms of contemporary conflict, as well as the conflicting historical narratives that animate tensions. Rather than proceed sequentially by way of dynasties, the editors identify three “worlds”—Chingssid Mongol, Tibetan Buddhist, and Confucian Sinic—that represent different forms of civilization authority and legal order. This novel framework enables us to escape the modern tendency to view the international system solely as the interaction of independent states, and instead detect the effects of the complicated history at play between and within regions. Contributors from a wide range of disciplines cover a host of topics: the development of international law, sovereignty, state formation, ruler legitimacy, and imperial expansion, as well as the role of spiritual authority on state behavior, the impact of modernization, and the challenges for peace processes. The culmination of five years of collaborative research, Sacred Mandates will be the definitive historical guide to international and intrastate relations in Asia, of interest to policymakers and scholars alike, for years to come.

Download or read book World Development Report 2019 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.

Download or read book World Development Report 2009 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-11-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.

Download or read book The Puppet Masters written by Emile van der Does de Willebois and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the use of these entities in nearly all cases of corruption. It builds upon case law, interviews with investigators, corporate registries and financial institutions and a 'mystery shopping' exercise to provide evidence of this criminal practice.

Download or read book Doing Business 2009 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-09-10 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Doing Business series provides research, data, and analysis on regulation in 181 economies across 10 areas of the business life cycle. Doing Business 2009 identifies top reformers in business regulation and highlights best practices and global reform trends. This year s report builds upon the five previous editions, adding new economies and updating all indicators. This year s report covers 3 additional economies, bringing the total number of economies covered to 181. Now included are the Bahamas, Bahrain, and Qatar. The report also adds a preface on Doing Business methodology, as well as in-depth analysis throughout the report on the main trends and findings of the past six years of Doing Business. Doing Business is an invaluable resource for entrepreneurs, investors, advisors, academics, professionals, and policymakers. The indicators benchmark regulation across 10 areas of a typical business lifecycle, and are used to analyze economic and social outcomes that matter such as equal opportunity, unemployment, poverty, and growth. This annually-published report gives policymakers the ability to measure regulatory performance in comparison to other economies, and learn from best practices.

Download or read book Making Of An Economic Superpower The Unlocking China s Secret Of Rapid Industrialization written by Yi Wen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of China is no doubt one of the most important events in world economic history since the Industrial Revolution. Mainstream economics, especially the institutional theory of economic development based on a dichotomy of extractive vs. inclusive political institutions, is highly inadequate in explaining China's rise. This book argues that only a radical reinterpretation of the history of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the West (as incorrectly portrayed by the institutional theory) can fully explain China's growth miracle and why the determined rise of China is unstoppable despite its current 'backward' financial system and political institutions. Conversely, China's spectacular and rapid transformation from an impoverished agrarian society to a formidable industrial superpower sheds considerable light on the fundamental shortcomings of the institutional theory and mainstream 'blackboard' economic models, and provides more-accurate reevaluations of historical episodes such as Africa's enduring poverty trap despite radical political and economic reforms, Latin America's lost decades and frequent debt crises, 19th century Europe's great escape from the Malthusian trap, and the Industrial Revolution itself.

Download or read book 120 Years of American Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Remittance Markets in Africa written by Sanket Mohapatra and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remittances sent by African migrants have become an important source of external finance for countries in the Sub-Saharan African region. In many African countries, these flows are larger than foreign direct investment and portfolio debt and equity flows. In some cases, they are similar in size to official aid from multilateral and bilateral donors. Remittance markets in Africa, however, remain less developed than other regions. The share of informal or unrecorded remittances is among the highest for Sub-Saharan African countries. Remittance costs tend to be significantly higher in Africa both for sending remittances from outside the region and for within-Africa (South-South) remittance corridors. At the same time, the remittance landscape in Africa is rapidly changing with the introduction of new remittance technologies, in particular mobile money transfers and branchless banking. This book presents findings of surveys of remittance service providers conducted in eight Sub-Saharan African countries and in three key destination countries. It looks at issues relating to costs, competition, innovation and regulation, and discusses policy options for leveraging remittances for development in Africa.

Download or read book Banking and Economic Development written by Rondo E. Cameron and published by New York : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1972 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. Introduction (Rondo Cameron) -- II. Austria, 1800-1914 (Richard L. Rudolph) --3. Italy, 1861-1914 (Jon S. Cohen) --IV. Spain, 1829-1874 (Gabriel Tortella) -- V. Serbia, 1872-1912 ( John R. Lampe) --VI. Japan, 1868-1930 : A Revised View ( Kozo Yamamura) -- VII. Louisiana, 1804-1861 (George D. Green) Viii. The United States, 1863-1913 ( Richard Sylla).

Download or read book The Cambridge Economic History of India Volume 2 C 1757 c 1970 written by Tapan Raychaudhuri and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1983 with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of India covers the period 1757-1970, from the establishment of British rule to its termination, with epilogues on the post-Independence period.

Download or read book Economic Analysis of Investment Operations written by Pedro Belli and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books presents general principles and methodologies of quantitative risk analysis; provides theory and practice of how to evaluate health, transport and education projects and describes how to assess the environmental impact of projects. It looks at how the tools of cost benefit analysis can be applied from the point of view of the private sector, public sector, bankers, and the country as a whole. It encourages analysts to answer a number of key questions that are likely to increase success rather than simply describing techniques. This book as aimed at all concerned with resource allocation and is presented in an accessible fashion. It is required reading at World bank Institute courses.

Download or read book World Development Report 2010 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-11-06 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the crowded field of climate change reports, 'WDR 2010' uniquely: emphasizes development; takes an integrated look at adaptation and mitigation; highlights opportunities in the changing competitive landscape; and proposes policy solutions grounded in analytic work and in the context of the political economy of reform.