Download or read book Business Environment and Firm Entry written by Leora Klapper and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Using a comprehensive database of firms in Western and Eastern Europe, we study how the business environment in a country drives the creation of new firms. Our focus is on regulations governing entry. We find entry regulations hamper entry, especially in industries that naturally should have high entry. Also, value added per employee in naturally "high entry" industries grows more slowly in countries with onerous regulations on entry. Interestingly, regulatory entry barriers have no adverse effect on entry in corrupt countries, only in less corrupt ones. Taken together, the evidence suggests bureaucratic entry regulations are neither benign nor welfare improving. However, not all regulations inhibit entry. In particular, regulations that enhance the enforcement of intellectual property rights or those that lead to a better developed financial sector do lead to greater entry in industries that do more R & D or industries that need more external finance"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Download or read book Business Environment and Firm Entry written by Leora Klapper and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a comprehensive database of firms in Western and Eastern Europe, the authors study how the business environment in a country drives the creation of new firms. They focus on regulations governing entry, although they also examine the effects of a developed financial sector, a well-trained labor force, strong enforcement of intellectual property rights, and strict labor laws. The authors find entry regulations hamper entry, especially in industries that naturally should have high entry. They find that naturally "high entry" industries grow less, have lower profitability, and account for a lower share of the economy in countries with onerous regulations on entry. Also, value added per employee in naturally "high entry" industries grows more slowly in countries with onerous regulations on entry. This suggests entry regulations are neither benign nor welfare improving. The authors also find less entry into labor-intensive industries in countries with labor regulations that restrict the ability to fire workers. They do not imply that all regulations inhibit entry. In particular, regulations that enhance the enforcement of intellectual property rights or those that lead to a better developed financial sector do lead to greater entry in industries that do more research and development or industries that need more external finance. Finally, other aspects of the environment also matter: for instance, the general availability of skilled labor enhances entry in industries that require skilled labor.
Download or read book Responsible Consumption and Production written by Walter Leal Filho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. It encompasses 17 volumes, each one devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume addresses SDG 12, namely "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns" and contains the description of a range of terms, which allows a better understanding and fosters knowledge. Concretely, the defined targets are: Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries Achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources Halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses Achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities Ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities Editorial Board Medani P. Bhandari, Luciana Londero Brandli, Morgane M. C. Fritz, Ulla A. Saari, Leonardo L. Sta Romana
Download or read book The Regulation of Entry written by Simeon Djankov and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New data show that countries that regulate the entry of new firms more heavily have greater corruption and larger unofficial economies, but not better quality goods. The evidence supports the view that regulating entry benefits politicians and bureacrats.
Download or read book Doing Business 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
Download or read book The Impact of Industry Environment on Early Market Entry Decisions by B2b Managers in the U S And Japan written by Roger Calantone and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managers form simplified mental models to cope with market environment uncertainties and to process information. A critical decision is whether to enter a high-potential market early. Large innovation and development investments involved in this decision increase uncertainty. We examine the importance ascribed by U.S. and Japanese managers to competitive forces when making early market entry decisions. We expect that the competitive forces will have different effects on the likelihood of early market entry in the U.S. versus Japan due to cultural and business environment differences, and we thereby develop several propositions. We develop a decision-making exercise simulating early market entry decisions, and tested our propositions with managers in medium to large business-to-business (B2B) firms from both countries. We assessed impacts of the competitive market forces on entry strategy selection via relative weights, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and frequency analysis. Our findings revealed differences in the mental models of Japanese and U.S. managers. Buyer power had a larger effect on the decision to make an early market entry for Japanese managers, while threat of new firm entry had a larger effect for U.S. managers; these findings were consistent with our propositions. We also found several areas of agreement between U.S. and Japanese managers. We conclude with theoretical implications and recommendations to B2B management.
Download or read book What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition written by Sónia Félix and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the macroeconomic effect and underlying firm-level transmission channels of a reduction in business entry costs. We provide novel evidence on the response of firms' entry, exit, and employment decisions. To do so, we use as a natural experiment a reform in Portugal that reduced entry time and costs. Using the staggered implementation of the policy across the Portuguese municipalities, we find that the reform increased local entry and employment by, respectively, 25% and 4.8% per year in its first four years of implementation. Moreover, around 60% of the increase in employment came from incumbent firms expanding their size, with most of the rise occurring among the most productive firms. Standard models of firm dynamics, which assume a constant elasticity of substitution, are inconsistent with the expansionary and heterogeneous response across incumbent firms. We show that in a model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups the most productive firms face a lower demand elasticity and expand their employment in response to increased entry.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Download or read book The Global Environment of Business written by David W. Conklin and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-05-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides upper-level undergraduate students with an international managerial perspective that concisely integrates both market (i.e., industry structure) and nonmarket (i.e., political forces) analysis. Conklin teaches students how to understand the impact of environmental forces on the firm's profitability, how to prioritize both risks and opportunities, how to analyze the relationships among them, and how to recommend firm responses to them to maximize MNE profitability. Key Features Environmental forces and their interrelationships are clearly organized and analyzed under four broad themes: social, technological, economic, and political forces. Each issue is clearly correlated to real management decision-making in chapter introductions, which discuss the strategies and management practices required to respond effectively to various environmental forces. Students learn to assess the changes in environmental forces over time and to ascertain the relative attractiveness of various nations as alternative sites for conducting business. Chapter-opening lists of critical skills and capabilities provide a focus and guide for the material in the chapter, relating theories to practical applications. Chapter-ending case excerpts with discussion questions provide illustrative real-world situations related to issues presented in that chapter and challenge students to come up with their own recommended solutions.
Download or read book Business Environment and the Incorporation Decision written by Asli Demirgüç-Kunt and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using firm-level data from 52 countries, Demirguc-Kunt, Love, and Maksimovic investigate how a country's institutions and business environment affect firms' organizational choices and the effects of organizational form on access to finance and growth. They find that businesses are more likely to choose the corporate form in countries with developed financial sectors and efficient legal systems, strong shareholder and creditor rights, low regulatory burdens and corporate taxes, and efficient bankruptcy processes. Corporations report fewer financing, legal, and regulatory obstacles than unincorporated firms, and this advantage is greater in countries with more developed institutions and favorable business environments. The authors find some evidence of higher growth of incorporated businesses in countries with good financial and legal institutions.This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand firm entry.
Download or read book International Differences in Entrepreneurship written by Josh Lerner and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often considered one of the major forces behind economic growth and development, the entrepreneurial firm can accelerate the speed of innovation and dissemination of new technologies, thus increasing a country's competitive edge in the global market. As a result, cultivating a strong culture of entrepreneurial thinking has become a primary goal throughout the world. Surprisingly, there has been little systematic research or comparative analysis to show how the growth of entrepreneurship differs among countries in various stages of development. International Differences in Entrepreneurship fills this void by explaining how a country's institutional differences, cultural considerations, and personal characteristics can affect the role that entrepreneurs play in its economy. Developing an understanding of the origins of entrepreneurs as well as the choices they make and the complexity of their activities across countries and industries are of central importance to this volume. In addition, contributors consider how environmental factors of individual economies, such as market regulation, government subsidies for banks, and support for entrepreneurial culture affect the industry and the impact that entrepreneurs have on growth in developing nations.
Download or read book Firm Size and the Business Environment written by Mirjam Schiffer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of the small and medium enterprise sector is deemed crucial for economic growth and poverty alleviation. Such firms are often though to be at a disadvantage when compared with larger enterprises, but the reverse can apply, for example in the more flexible approach of the smaller firm. This paper draws on a private sector survey in 80 countries examining whether business obstacles are related to firm size. It finds a bias against small firms, which experience significantly greater problems than large firms with financing, taxes and regulations, inflation, corruption and street crime. These problems should be the prime targets of policies aimed at reducing inequity.
Download or read book Effect of Entry Barriers on Prices Charged by Incumbent Firms Strengths and Weaknesses of Underlying Economic Theory written by Dimitar Vasilev and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,3, University of Portsmouth, language: English, abstract: Entry prevention in imperfectly contestable industrial markets has been topic of extensive interest among academics. This paper seeks to explain effects of entry barriers on incumbent firms’ pricing decisions. Underlying economic theory is critically assessed, evaluating credibility of strategic pricing behavior models in the context of real-life business environment.
Download or read book Business Environment and Labor Market Outcomes in ECA Countries written by Paloma Lopez-Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New firm entry has been fundamental for job creation in the transition economies. Hence, the urge to reform the framework in which firms operate. This paper aims to improve our understanding of the business environment of the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) countries, as well as to assess which of the institutions that shape it are most important for labor market performance. To achieve that aim, the author groups the institutions into those affecting firm entry and those affecting business survival and growth, and proceeds to construct indicators to summarize them. Next, she analyzes the impact of the business environment institutions on the employment generated by the private sector of the countries, proxied by the service employment rate. The regression analysis uses an unbalanced panel of 28 ECA countries over 14 years-from 1988 to 2002. Recent literature on the labor market performance of the OECD countries argues that what matters for employment is the interaction between institutions and shocks. Accordingly, the explanatory variables used in the regression are the interactions between the transition shock suffered by the ECA countries and each of the business environment institutions previously defined. The author finds that access to finance is the most important institution across all ECA countries. The development of the financial sector can explain about 40 percent of private employment creation in the European transition economies according to the model. On the other hand, the poor access to finance in Bulgaria, Croatia, and above all, Romania, is the main factor behind their poor development of the private sector. Market regulation (credit and labor regulation), start-up costs, and the tax burden are all found to significantly affect employment as well.
Download or read book BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT written by AHMED, FAISAL and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2021-08-01 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and updated third edition carries a holistic approach to the new and emerging realities of Indian as well as the global business environment. It incorporates the new challenges emanating from Covid-19 outbreak and also other enablers shaping up the business environment. This new edition brings forth a contemporary and pragmatic appeal to the learners. The text provides an incisive insight into the subject via simple, elegant and explicit presentation that amalgamates theory logically and rigorously with the practical aspects. Organised in 24 chapters, the book aims to develop a broader understanding of the concepts and their applications and dexterously assimilates the latest statistics depicting the national and global perspectives. This text is suitable for both PG and UG students of Management, Commerce, Economics, and Business Studies. Besides, it is of immense value to the aspirants of civil services and the professionals, including policy makers, working in the government departments. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION • Presents latest developments viz. Economic slowdown due to lockdowns, Impact of the outbreak of Covid-19, Atmanirbharta (self-reliance), Union Budget 2021–22, Policy changes amid slowdown, FDI policy changes, and also about Indian economic scenarios, NITI Aayog, Manufacturing in defence sector, Climate Change, Make in India, Geo-economic aspects, GST, BREXIT, SDGs, Latest developments in global environment, WTO issues, and others. • Updates sections, sub-sections, opening and closing cases to keep abreast of new developments. • Introduces revised tables and figures to represent the latest scenarios, in most cases with data up to 2019–20. • Includes latest domestic and global policy frameworks influencing business environment. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BOOK • Each chapter commences with an opening case to emphasise the topic of importance, and ends with a closing case to help in satisfying a learner from the point of view of understanding the chapter. • Relevant box items call readers' attention to practical examples and experiences for in-depth learning. • Case-based questions and review questions help in assessing learner's ability to grasp basic concepts. • Companion website http://phindia.com/ahmed containing useful resources for the teachers and study aids for the students. TARGET AUDIENCE • B.Com • M.Com • BBA • MBA • PGDM
Download or read book Survival factors of newly founded firms written by Wladimir Wiegel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-02-22 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Business economics - Company formation, Business Plans, grade: 1,7, University of Mannheim, language: English, abstract: New enterprises are a source of economic growth, innovation, structural change and em-ployment. However, new firms face a serious problem of high mortality subsequent to their entry into the market. Thus the goal of this thesis paper was to identify survival factors of newly founded firms. This incorporated first to identify existing theoretical frameworks of SFR and second to provide insights into some empirical key findings for some important survival factors of newly founded businesses within the existing literature. In the core part of this paper, a crude systematization of success determinants into personal, firm-specific and environmental factors was used. The analysis of literature on firm survival and success factors revealed a mixed picture as different studies came up with contradicting results. Only few key findings were revealed to have consistent re-sults, which are further presented and discussed in this paper. Furthermore, a critical review of the success factor literature revealed also that utilization of different success measures, biased and unrepresentative samples, inappropriate analytical methods and the lack of a theory-driven approach all contribute to inconsistent results. Finally, it was also identified that the research community faces a paucity of literature in the field of regional and pre-entry determinants and how they impact on business success and survival.
Download or read book International Business 2 e Concepts Environment And Strategy written by Vyuptakesh Sharan and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2008-02 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
