Download or read book Burn Area Mapping Using UAVSAR High Resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar Data written by Joshua Lokomaika'I Verkerke and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book USING SENTINEL 1 SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR TO DETECT BURN AREA AND BURN SEVERITY IN COASTAL AREAS CALIFORNIA written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Wildfires pose a constant threat to the western United States causing economic, environmental, and human losses. Their severity and impacts can be lessened when they are monitored timely and efficiently, providing opportunities for early warning and strategic responses. Optical imagery is a common method of mapping wildfires but is hindered by cloud cover. Radar, on the other hand, passes through clouds. Therefore, Sentinel-1s radar imagery will be tested in cloudy settings and compared to optical imagery for characterizing active wildfires and post-fire burn areas. Radar uses long microwaves, which allow penetration of cloud cover, collecting data regardless of weather and time of day. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite images are compared to understand if radar can detect wildfires in a time-series analysis and if different backscatter values correspond to different burn severity levels. After using different mathematical indices and polarizations, Sentinel-1 successfully detected the fire extents and the backscatter changes of a wildfire. The positive results from the area calculation demonstrate that radar can be a reliable and efficient tool for mapping wildfires.

Download or read book Principles of Applied Remote Sensing written by Siamak Khorram and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-04 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is one of the first to explain the fundamentals and applications of remote sensing at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Topics include definitions and a brief history of payloads and platforms, data acquisition and specifications, image processing techniques, data integration and spatial modeling, and a range of applications covering terrestrial, atmospheric, oceanographic and planetary disciplines. The policy and law issues of remote sensing and the future trends on the horizon are also covered. Remote sensing is an exciting, dynamic technology that is transforming the Earth sciences – terrestrial, atmospheric, and marine – as well as the practices of agriculture, disaster response, engineering, natural resources, providing evidence in legal cases and documented humanitarian crises, and many other fields. Increasingly, understanding of these techniques will be central to a number of disciplines, particularly as the technology advances.

Download or read book Mapping Vegetation and Burn Scars Following the 1997 Indonesia Fires Using ERS Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar written by Paul Alan Maus and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advancing Wildfire Fuel Mapping and Burn Severity Assessment in Alaskan Boreal Forest Using Multi sensor Remote Sensing written by Christopher William Smith and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildfires in Alaska have been increasing in frequency, size, and intensity putting a strain on communities across the state, especially remote communities lacking firefighting infrastructure to address large scale fire events. Advances in remote sensing techniques and data provide an opportunity to generate high quality map products that can better inform fire managers to allocate resources to areas of most risk and inform scientists how to predict and understand fire behavior. The overarching goal of this thesis is therefore to build insight into methods that can be applied to create highly detailed fire statistic map products in Alaska. To address this overarching goal we tested several methods for generating fire fuel, burn severity, and wildfire hazard maps that were validated using data collected in the field. Applying the Random Forest classifier on Airborne Visible/ Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next-Generation (AVIRIS-NG) hyperspectral data we were able to produce a fire fuel map with an 81% accuracy. We then tested two supervised machine learning classifiers, post fire standard spectral indices, and differenced spectral indices for their performance in assessing burn severity. We found that supervised machine learning classifiers outperform other algorithms when there is an adequate amount of training data. Using the support vector machine and random forest classifiers we were able to generate burn severity maps with 83% accuracy at the 2019 Shovel Creek Fire. Lastly, we looked for a relationship between burn severity and environmental conditions prevalent during the Shovel Creek and Nugget Creek fires. Overall, these products can be used by fire managers and scientists to assess fire risk, limit the damages caused by wildfires through adequate resource allocation, and provide the guidelines for creating future high quality fire fuel maps.

Download or read book Field Guide for Mapping Post Fire Soil Burn Severity written by Annette Parsons and published by . This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-fire assessments are generally conducted by U S Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service or U S Department of the Interior (DOI) Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) teams after large wildfires. A BAER team's primary objective is to rapidly identify post-fire effects and determine whether the wildfire has created unacceptable risk to human life and safety, property, and critical natural or cultural resources. The BAER team may manage risk by recommending treatments for land, channel, road, and trail stabilization and for public safety (Calkin and others 2007; USDOI BLM 2007; Napper2006;USDAForestService2004). A map that reflects the fire's effects on the ground surface and soil condition is needed in order to rapidly assess fire effects, identify potential areas of concern, and prioritize initial field reconnaissance. Thus, it is important to develop a soil burn severity map as quickly as possible during the initial post-fire assessment phase. This map identifies the fire-induced changes in soil and ground surface properties that may affect infiltration, runoff, and erosion potential (Parsons 2002). It also enables BAER teams to achieve their primary objective of identifying areas of unacceptable risk to a critical value and where rehabilitation treatments may be most effective (Robichaud and others 2008b; Calkin and others 2007; Robichaud and others 2000) BAER teams have often struggled with accurately mapping post-fire soil burn severity. This challenge has grown in recent years as larger fires affect multiple jurisdictions, agencies, and landowners. There is a need for consistent methodologies, assessment tools, and terminology that quickly and accurately identify the post-fire conditions In response, BAER teams are using many geospatial assessment tools to expedite post-fire soil burn severity assessment. However, little standardization of methodology or terminology has occurred in soil burn severity mapping and field verification. This guide provides direction to BAER teams to promote consistency in post-fire soil burn severity mapping. With a field-validated soil burn severity map, BAER teams can more readily evaluate secondary wildfire effects, including increased runoff, erosion, flooding, sedimentation, and vulnerability to invasive weeds, and can predict natural revegetation (Calkin and others 2007). This field guide clarifies concepts, terminology, context, and use of the soil burn severity map. Field indicators and classification guidelines are also provided for use in mapping. Using this field guide will ensure consistency in map products across ecoregions around the United States. Components of this guide include: terminology and definitions, the role of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) in BAER assessments, guidelines for identifying soil burn severity classes in the field, discussion on soil burn severity within general vegetation density models, photo series showing representative postfire soil and ground conditions, and field data sheets to assist in data collection for mapping soil burn severity. This guide provides a reference for ground conditions, soil characteristics, and vegetation density models that most closely match the field setting. Observations can be compared with those in the tables and photos to make a determination of the soil burn severity classification at a field location. This guide presents representative conditions only. Actual ground conditions will vary within the categories.

Download or read book Validation of the Moderate resolution Satellite Burned Area Products Across Different Biomes in South Africa written by Philemon Lehlohonolo Tsela and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass burning in southern Africa has brought significant challenges to the research society as a fundamental driver of climate and land cover changes. Burned area mapping approaches have been developed that generate large-scale low and moderate resolution products made with different satellite data. This consequently afford the remote sensing community a unique opportunity to support their potential applications in e.g., examining the impact of fire on natural resources, estimating the quantities of burned biomass and gas emissions. Generally, the satellite-derived burned area products produced with dissimilar algorithms provide mapped burned areas at different levels of accuracy, as the environmental and remote sensing factors vary both spatially and temporally. This study focused on the inter-comparison and accuracy evaluation of the 500-meter Moderate Resolution Imaging Spetroradiomter (MODIS) burned area product (MCD45A1) and the Backup MODIS burned area product (hereafter BMBAP) across the main-fire prone South African biomes using reference data independently-derived from multi-temporal 30-meter Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery distributed over six validation sites. The accuracy of the products was quantified using confusion matrices, linear regression and subpixel burned area measures. The results revealed that the highest burned area mapping accuracies were reported in the fynbos and grassland biomes by the MCD45A1 product, following the BMBAP product across the pine forest and savanna biomes, respectively. Further, the MCD45A1 product presented higher subpixel detection probabilities for the burned area fractions = 50% than the BMBAP product, which appeared more reliable in detecting burned area fractions 50% of a MODIS pixel. Finally the results demonstrated that the probability of identifying a burned area within a MODIS pixel is directly related to the proportion of the MODIS pixel burned and thus, highlights the relevance of fractional burned area during classification accuracy assessment of lower resolution remotely-sensed products using data with higher spatial resolution.

Download or read book Very High Resolution VHR Satellite Imagery written by Francisco Eugenio and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, growing interest in the use of remote sensing imagery has appeared to provide synoptic maps of water quality parameters in coastal and inner water ecosystems;, monitoring of complex land ecosystems for biodiversity conservation; precision agriculture for the management of soils, crops, and pests; urban planning; disaster monitoring, etc. However, for these maps to achieve their full potential, it is important to engage in periodic monitoring and analysis of multi-temporal changes. In this context, very high resolution (VHR) satellite-based optical, infrared, and radar imaging instruments provide reliable information to implement spatially-based conservation actions. Moreover, they enable observations of parameters of our environment at greater broader spatial and finer temporal scales than those allowed through field observation alone. In this sense, recent very high resolution satellite technologies and image processing algorithms present the opportunity to develop quantitative techniques that have the potential to improve upon traditional techniques in terms of cost, mapping fidelity, and objectivity. Typical applications include multi-temporal classification, recognition and tracking of specific patterns, multisensor data fusion, analysis of land/marine ecosystem processes and environment monitoring, etc. This book aims to collect new developments, methodologies, and applications of very high resolution satellite data for remote sensing. The works selected provide to the research community the most recent advances on all aspects of VHR satellite remote sensing.

Download or read book Remote Sensing and Hydrological Modeling of Burn Scars written by Mary Ellen Miller and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions stemming from these studies include improved burn scar maps for studying historical fire extent and demonstration of the feasibility of using thermal satellite data to predict burn scar extent when clouds and smoke obscure visible bands. The incorporation of Landsat derived burn severity maps was shown to improve post-fire erosion modeling results. Finally the potential post-fire burn severity and erosion risk maps generated for western US forests will be used for planning pre-fire fuel reduction treatments.

Download or read book Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing written by Iain H. Woodhouse and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing offers an extensive overview of this versatile and extremely precise technology for technically oriented undergraduates and graduate students. This textbook emphasizes an important shift in conceptualization and directs it toward students with prior knowledge of optical remote sensing: the author dispels any linkage between microwave and optical remote sensing. Instead, he constructs the concept of microwave remote sensing by comparing it to the process of audio perception, explaining the workings of the ear as a metaphor for microwave instrumentation. This volume takes an “application-driven” approach. Instead of describing the technology and then its uses, this textbook justifies the need for measurement then explains how microwave technology addresses this need. Following a brief summary of the field and a history of the use of microwaves, the book explores the physical properties of microwaves and the polarimetric properties of electromagnetic waves. It examines the interaction of microwaves with matter, analyzes passive atmospheric and passive surface measurements, and describes the operation of altimeters and scatterometers. The textbook concludes by explaining how high resolution images are created using radars, and how techniques of interferometry can be applied to both passive and active sensors.

Download or read book Multi scale Burned Area Mapping in Tallgrass Prairie Using in SITU Spectrometry and Satellite Imagery written by Rhett L. Mohler and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prescribed burning in tallgrass prairie affects a wide range of human and natural systems. Consequently, managing this biome based on sound science, and with the concerns of all stakeholders taken into account, requires a method for mapping burned areas. In order to devise such a method, many different spectral ranges and spectral indices were tested for their ability to differentiate burned from unburned areas at both the field and satellite scales. Those bands and/or indices that performed well, as well as two different classification techniques and two different satellite-based sensors, were tested in order to come up with the best combination of band/index, classification technique, and sensor for mapping burned areas in tallgrass prairie. The ideal method used both the red and near-infrared spectral regions, used imagery at a spatial resolution of at least 250 m, used satellite imagery with daily temporal resolution, and used pixel-based classification techniques rather than object-based techniques. Using this method, burned area maps were generated for the Flint Hills for every year from 2000-2010, creating a fire history of the region during that time period. These maps were compared to active fire and burned area products, and these products were found to underestimate burned areas in tallgrass prairie.

Download or read book Responding to Oil Spills in the U S Arctic Marine Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.

Download or read book The Earth Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.

Download or read book Impacts of Human caused Fires on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning and Their Causes in Tropical Temperate and Boreal Forest Biomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of UASG 2019 written by Kamal Jain and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of geographic information systems and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies, as presented by leading researchers and engineers at the 1st International Conference on Unmanned Aerial System in Geomatics (UASG), held in Roorkee, India on April 6-7, 2019. It covers highly diverse topics, including photogrammetry and remote sensing, surveying, UAV manufacturing, geospatial data sensing, UAV processing, visualization, and management, UAV applications and regulations, geo-informatics and geomatics. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

Download or read book The Earth Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: