Download or read book Brook Trout Response to a Changing Environment written by Elizabeth A. Marschall and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Brook Trout Habitat in a Changing Climate written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eastern brook trout is the only trout (charr) species native to the eastern U.S., which contains approximately 25% of the entire native range of the brook trout and 70% of the U.S. range. Stream temperature is a fundamental limiting factor in the distribution and production of brook trout and their range is bounded to the south by a mean July air temperature of 21Ã'ÂoC. Average air temperature in the U.S. has risen by 0.6Ã'ÂoC over the last century and may increase by another 6Ã'ÂoC over the next 100 years. Climate warming may threaten the long-term survival of the brook trout populations in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Using projected future climate scenarios and land use/land cover classes, we developed ordinal and binary logistic regression models to characterize current habitat suitability of brook trout, determine future suitable habitat and prioritize subwatersheds for brook trout conservation. Explanatory variables held in common in every model were the baseline variables (either forest or agriculture), the respective baseline variable with temperature as an interaction term and wetlands. This analysis further supports temperature as a major driver in the distribution of brook trout. Projected future suitable habitat was shown to be moving further north over time. This analysis resulted in map outputs illustrating areas of greatest brook trout population subwatershed status changes and indicates potential areas of concern for brook trout survival due to projected future climate scenarios. These results can aid in prioritizing subwatersheds for brook trout conservation and restoration.
Download or read book Responses of Northern U S Forests to Environmental Change written by Robert A. Mickler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five years of research carried out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Services' Northern Global Change Program, contributing to our understanding of the effects of multiples stresses on forest ecosystems over multiple spatial and temporal scales. At the physiological level, reports explore changes in growth and biomass, species composition, and wildlife habitat; at the landscape scale, the abundance distribution, and dynamics of species, populations, and communities are addressed. Chapters include studies of nutrient depletion, climate and atmospheric deposition, carbon and nitrogen cycling, insect and disease outbreaks, biotic feedbacks with the atmosphere, interacting effects of multiple stresses, and modeling the regional effects of global change. The book provides sound ecological information for policymakers and land-use planners as well as for researchers in ecology, forestry, atmospheric science, soil science and biogeochemistry.
Download or read book Potential Climate and Land Use Change Effects on Brook Trout in the Eastern United States written by Jefferson Deweber and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brook Trout is a socially, economically and ecologically important species throughout its native range in the eastern U.S. that is expected to be negatively affected by climate and land use change. In this dissertation, I use publicly available data to identify the potential effects of projected climate and land use change on river water temperature and Brook Trout populations in individual stream reaches throughout the eastern U.S. In Chapter 1, I quantitatively assessed the representativeness of stream flow and water temperature data from U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages throughout subregions of the conterminous United States, including the eastern U.S. In Chapter 2, I developed a model to predict river water temperatures under current conditions and future scenarios of climate and land use change. The final model included air temperature, landform attributes and forested land cover, and predicted mean daily water temperatures with good accuracy (root mean squared error ~ 1.9 °C) for training and validation datasets. In Chapter 3, I predicted Brook Trout occurrence probability based on water temperature predictions and selected landscape characteristics using a hierarchical logistic regression model that performed well at both training and validation datasets (area under the receiver operating curve ~ 0.78). In Chapter 4, I identified potential changes in thermal habitat and Brook Trout occurrence probability resulting from projected climate and land use change. The timing, magnitude and location of predicted changes in maximum 30 day mean river water temperature varied greatly among three downscaled climate models, with average increases ranging from 1.21 to 2.55 °C by 2087. As a result of warming, between 56,440 (42.7%) and 109,237 (82.6%) of potential Brook Trout habitat was predicted to be lost. Land use change was predicted to result in localized increases in river water temperature and losses of 4.5% of potential Brook Trout habitat. Given the magnitude of predicted losses, conservation actions will likely be more successful in the long term if the potential changes resulting from climate and land use change are incorporated into the planning process.
Download or read book Trout and Char of the World written by Jeffrey L. Kershner and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive look at the taxonomy, life history, and conservation status of the world's trout and char. These are fascinating and beautiful fish that rate high for the angler as well as for tourist and recreational economies. Trout and char also play key roles in the ecology of many lake and river systems around the world. Trout and char are abundant in many regions, but most native species are on the decline. Some are classified as vulnerable, threatened, or endangered. Because of their widespread stocking in regions where they are not native, some trout and char also are the cause for threats to other native species. Loss of habitat, an expanding human population, and rapid climate change are challenging their future as streams warm and waters become more variable in their flows. This book examines trout and char from all these perspectives. Early chapters explore the unique diversity and life history aspects of trout and char and provide information on the taxonomy and systematics while also detailing some of unique life histories. New information is presented about species diversity and distributions by country. Summary chapters explore significant conservation and management challenges of broad interest to scientists, resource managers, anglers, and interested public. Trout and Char of the World end s with a series of essays exploring the future of trout and char over the next 50 years. Trout and Char of the World will be a primary resource for trout and char biologists, conservationists, and anglers in the many countries where trout and char are native or have been introduced, and a resource for anyone interested in learning more about the diversity and distribution of trout and char worldwide.--
Download or read book Brown Trout written by Javier Lobón-Cerviá and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brown Trout: Biology, Ecology and Management A comprehensive guide to the most current research, history, genetics and ecology of the brown trout including challenging environmental problems The brown trout is an iconic species across its natural European distribution and has been introduced throughout the World. Brown Trout offers a comprehensive review of the scientific information and current research on this major fish species. While the brown trout is the most sought species by anglers, its introduction to various waters around the world is causing serious environmental problems. At the same time, introduction of exogenous brown trout lineages threats conservation of native gene pools of populations in many regions. The authors summarize the important aspects of the brown trout’s life history and ecology and focus on the impact caused by the species. The text explores potential management strategies in order to maintain numerous damaged populations within its natural distributional range and to ameliorate its impacts in exotic environments. The authors include information on a wide-range of topics such as recent updates in population genetics, evolutionary history, reproductive traits and early ontogeny, life history plasticity in anadromous brown trout and life history of the adfluvial brown trout and much more. This vital resource: Contains the latest research on the biology and ecology of brown trout Includes information on phylogeography, genetics, population dynamics and stock management Spotlights the brown trout’s introduction to regions around the world and the serious environmental impacts Offers a comprehensive review of conservation and management techniques Written for salmonid scientists and researchers, fishery and environmental managers, and students of population genetics, ecology and population dynamics, Brown Trout explores the most recent findings on the history, ecology and sustainability of this much-researched species.
Download or read book Exploring the Role of Temperature and Possible Alternative Stable States in Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Population Structure written by Brooke Lynn Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most organisms undergo ontogenetic changes, leading to complex life histories. An organism’s prey and habitat preferences change as they age, as may their responses to the same environmental stressors. Therefore, a changing environment may confer a competitive advantage to a particular life stage, leading to population structures dominated by one stage or another. I used survey data of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in lakes across the Sierra Nevada to investigate if there was evidence for (1) alternative stable states between populations dominated by small or large fish, and (2) trends in population structure across elevation to suggest that temperature plays a key role in determining size structure. I characterized the average fish size, number of size classes, and the evenness of the size class distribution for 42 populations. I found these features by fitting a Bayesian normal mixture model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. I tested for alternative stable states by looking for bimodality in each feature, and I analyzed each feature’s relationship with elevation using Spearman’s rank correlation. I found that that populations are most often dominated by small individuals, rarely by large individuals, and most often contain either one or two distinct size classes. If large individual body sizes occur as an alternative population state, my results show that such populations occurred rarely, or were not well sampled by these surveys. High elevation was associated with reduced average size and greater numbers of size classes, suggesting that temperature does affect size distributions.
Download or read book The Impact of Climate Change on Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Thermal Habitat in Their Native Range in the United States written by Kelsey Maggan Schlee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temperature Effects on Growth and Stress Physiology of Brook Trout written by Joseph G. Chadwick and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the threat of climate change, the physiological mechanisms by which temperature drives the distribution of species are unclear. Here we used chronic temperature exposures to determine that the upper limit for positive growth in the eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is 23.4 °C. Additionally, brook trout exposed to daily temperature oscillations of 8 °C, around a mean of 21 °C, exhibited growth rates that were 43 and 35% lower by length and weight respectively, than in constant 21 °C controls. Limitations in growth were associated with increases in indicators of the physiological stress response. Individuals exposed to 22 or 24 °C for 24 days exhibited plasma cortisol levels that were 12 and 18 fold greater than at 16 °C. Similarly, gill heat shock protein (Hsp)-70 levels were 10.7 and 56 fold higher at 22 and 24 °C than at 16 °C. Brook trout exposed to daily temperature oscillation of 4 or 8 °C had gill Hsp-70 levels that were 40 and 700 fold greater than controls. Acute (6 h) temperature exposures were used to demonstrate a threshold for induction of the Hsp-70 and plasma glucose responses of 20.7 °C and 21.2 °C respectively. Finally, we conducted field surveys that demonstrated increased plasma cortisol, plasma glucose, and gill Hsp-70 at temperatures above 21 °C. Induction of the cellular and endocrine stress responses is associated with decreased growth in brook trout. Thermal limitations on growth may provide a mechanism by which temperature drives the distributions of this cold-water species.
Download or read book Responses of a Brook Trout Population to Habitat Development in Lawrence Creek written by Robert Leroy Hunt and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Charrs written by E.K. Balon and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980-04-30 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Statistics Assessment and Forecasting written by C. Richard Cothern and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-12-09 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Statistics, Assessment, and Forecasting examines the current efforts to develop a coherent picture of national and regional environmental trends and conditions. The book includes sampling methodologies, statistical analysis techniques, environmental modeling, graphic presentation, including geographic information systems (GIS), and the problems involved in forecasting the future. The sampling and statistical techniques discussed include dealing with large variability and soft data; composite sampling; methods for combining data; data below the detection level; multivariate data; spatially censored, artificially censored, and incomplete data; kriging; and imputation. Geographic information system (GIS) analysis is discussed in the context of database management systems. Also covered are topics involved in the future of environmental statistics, including research planning, a bureau of environmental statistics, global interactions, and communication techniques. The book will interest statistical analysts, environmental planners, scientists, regulators, and policy makers in government, industry, and environmental groups.
Download or read book Searching for Home Waters written by Michael K. Steinberg and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2023-06-15 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is an iconic species among fly anglers and cold-water conservationists in eastern North America. This fish registers as a powerful symbol for its beauty and its imagery in art and literature. Its presence also tells us a great deal about the health of the larger environment. When an angler has a brook trout in hand, there is confidence that the water is close to pristine. Besides being an important indicator species, the brook trout, with its gold and reddish markings and its camouflaged green and black back, is one of the most beautiful freshwater fish in North America. And beyond the beauty of the fish itself, the environment in which it is found is also part of its past and present appeal. To fish for brook trout is often to fish in the last remote and rugged landscapes in the East, “fishscapes” that have not been polluted by stocking trucks that dump nonnative brown and rainbow trout in most of the East’s accessible cold waterways. Searching for Home Waters is part science, part environmental history, and part personal journey of the author, Michael K. Steinberg, and those he interviewed during his travels. The work takes a broad perspective that examines the status of brook trout in the eastern United States, employing a “landscape” approach. In other words, brook trout do not exist in a vacuum; they are impacted by logging, agriculture, fishing policies, suburban development, mining, air pollution, and climate change. Thus, while the book focuses specifically on the status and management of the brook trout—from Georgia to Labrador—it also tells the larger story of the status of the eastern environment. As a “pilgrimage,” this book is also a journey of the heart and contains Steinberg’s personal reflections on his relationship with the brook trout and its geography.
Download or read book Response of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Populations to Habitat Conditions and Competition in Southern Appalachian Streams written by Amber Olson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change in Wildlands written by Andrew J Hansen and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists have been warning for years that human activity is heating up the planet and climate change is under way. We are only just beginning to acknowledge the serious effects this will have on all life on Earth. The federal government is crafting broad-scale strategies to protect wildland ecosystems from the worst effects of climate change. One of the greatest challenges is to get the latest science into the hands of resource managers entrusted with vulnerable wildland ecosystems. This book examines climate and land-use changes in montane environments, assesses the vulnerability of species and ecosystems to these changes, and provides resource managers with collaborative management approaches to mitigate expected impacts. Climate Change in Wildlands proposes a new kind of collaboration between scientists and managers--a science-derived framework and common-sense approaches for keeping parks and protected areas healthy on a rapidly changing planet.
Download or read book Sensitivity and Exposure of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Habitat to Climate Change written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting coldwater fisheries distributions under various climate scenarios is of interest to many fisheries managers and researchers. Larger scale models have been useful in highlighting the potential large scale threat. However, the error associated with these models makes predictions of the persistence of individual cold water fisheries problematic. Most of this error is associated with predicted air and water temperatures which typically are simple elevation and location (latitude/longitude) models with simple caveats such as 1°C increase in air temperature equals 0.8°C increase in water temperatures. I directly measured paired air and water temperatures in watersheds containing reproducing populations of brook trout in Virginia during the critical summer period (July 1 to September 30) in both 2009 and 2010. I developed a classification system using sensitivity (change in the daily maximum water temperature from a 1°C increase in the daily maximum air temperature) and exposure metrics (frequency; duration; and magnitude of daily maximum water temperatures> 21°C) that classified brook trout populations into four categories: High Sensitivity-High Exposure; High Sensitivity-Low Exposure; Low Sensitivity-High Exposure and Low Sensitivity- Low Exposure. I found that my paired air and water temperature relationships were highly variable among sites and were a useful metric for classifying the sensitivity and exposure of individual brook trout populations to various climate change scenarios. I identified many (25%) Low Sensitivity- Low Exposure brook trout populations that appear to be resilient to climate change. The median sensitivity (0.39°C) in this study was much lower than the assumed rate (0.80°C) used in many regional models that predicted a complete extirpation of brook trout in Virginia. Several GIS generated metrics (sample area; % riparian canopy; solar insolation ; % groundwater; elevation; % watershed in forest cover) were useful for predicting (accuracy approximately 75%) sensitivity and exposure values. Directly measuring paired air and water temperature relationships can reduce the error of large scale models. I recommend that managers making investment decisions in protecting and restoring brook trout use my direct measurement approach when they cannot afford to make a Type I or Type II error.
Download or read book Climate Change and the Persistence of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis in the Second College Grant written by Jimena Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
