Download or read book Ethics by Committee written by Noortje Jacobs and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-08-26 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ethics boards have become obligatory passage points in today's medical science, and we forget how novel they really are. The use of humans in experiments is an age-old practice that records show goes back to at least the third century BC and, since the early modern period, as a practice it has become increasingly popular. Yet, in most countries around the world, hardly any formal checks and balances existed to govern the communal oversight of experiments involving human subjects until at least the 1960s. Ethics by Committee traces the rise of ethics boards for human experimentation in the second half of the twentieth century. Using the Netherlands as a case-study, Noortje Jacobs shows how the authority of physicians to make decisions about clinical research gave way in most developed nations to formal mechanisms of communal decision-making that served to regiment the behavior of individual researchers. This historically unprecedented change in scientific governance came out of a growing international wariness of medical research in the decades after World War II. Research ethics committees were originally intended not only to make human experimentation more ethical but also to raise its epistemic quality. By examining complex negotiations over the appropriate governance of human subjects research, Ethics by Committee advances our understanding not only of the history of research ethics and the randomized controlled trial but also, more broadly, of how liberal democracies in the late twentieth century have sought to resolve public concerns over charged issues in medicine and science"--

Download or read book Psychology of Sports written by Seppo E. Iso-Ahola and published by WCB/McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 1986 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Smart Technologies and the End s of Law written by Mireille Hildebrandt and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-27 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book tells the story of the smart technologies that reconstruct our world, by provoking their most salient functionality: the prediction and preemption of our day-to-day activities, preferences, health and credit risks, criminal intent and

Download or read book The Fan written by Octave Uzanne and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Leiden Oriental Connections written by W. Otterspeer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1989 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For review see: J. van Goor, in: Bijdragen en mededelingen betreffende de geschiedenis der Nederlanden, jrg. 110, afl. 1 (1995); p. 137-140.

Download or read book Modern Art in the Common Culture written by Thomas Crow and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hoofdstukken over kunstenaars en kunstuitingen vormen het uitgangspunt van deze Studie over de relatie tussen avant-garde kunst en de massacultuur

Download or read book A Hundred Years of Photography 1839 1939 written by Lucia Moholy and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Art of the American Snapshot 1888 1978 written by Sarah Greenough and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Art of the American Snapshot' examines the evolution of this most common form of photography. The book shows that among the countless snapshots taken by American amateurs, some works, through intention or accident, continue to resonate long after their intimate context and original meaning have been lost.

Download or read book Fine Disregard written by Kirk Varnedoe and published by . This book was released on 1990-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Seduction of Culture in German History written by Wolf Lepenies and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-26 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Allied bombing of Germany, Hitler was more distressed by the loss of cultural treasures than by the leveling of homes. Remarkably, his propagandists broadcast this fact, convinced that it would reveal not his callousness but his sensitivity: the destruction had failed to crush his artist's spirit. It is impossible to begin to make sense of this thinking without understanding what Wolf Lepenies calls The Seduction of Culture in German History. This fascinating and unusual book tells the story of an arguably catastrophic German habit--that of valuing cultural achievement above all else and envisioning it as a noble substitute for politics. Lepenies examines how this tendency has affected German history from the late eighteenth century to today. He argues that the German preference for art over politics is essential to understanding the peculiar nature of Nazism, including its aesthetic appeal to many Germans (and others) and the fact that Hitler and many in his circle were failed artists and intellectuals who seem to have practiced their politics as a substitute form of art. In a series of historical, intellectual, literary, and artistic vignettes told in an essayistic style full of compelling aphorisms, this wide-ranging book pays special attention to Goethe and Thomas Mann, and also contains brilliant discussions of such diverse figures as Novalis, Walt Whitman, Leo Strauss, and Allan Bloom. The Seduction of Culture in German History is concerned not only with Germany, but with how the German obsession with culture, sense of cultural superiority, and scorn of politics have affected its relations with other countries, France and the United States in particular.

Download or read book Photography Society written by Gisèle Freund and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This landmark study explores the intricate and ever-changing relationship between the photographer and the surrounding society. It considers the ubiquitous commercial, social, and political demands with which the photographer must deal and examines how the photographic reactions to these demands have in turn changed the society they reflect"--Cover.

Download or read book Subjected to Science written by Susan E. Lederer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1997-11-07 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Susan Lederer provides the first full-length history of early biomedical research with human subjects. Lederer offers detailed accounts of experiments conducted on both healthy and unhealthy men, women, and children, during the period from 1890 to 1940, including yellow fever experiments, Udo Wile's "dental drill" experiments on insane patients, and Hideyo Noguchi's syphilis experiments.

Download or read book The Moral Authority of Nature written by Lorraine Daston and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-08-15 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For thousands of years, people have used nature to justify their political, moral, and social judgments. Such appeals to the moral authority of nature are still very much with us today, as heated debates over genetically modified organisms and human cloning testify. The Moral Authority of Nature offers a wide-ranging account of how people have used nature to think about what counts as good, beautiful, just, or valuable. The eighteen essays cover a diverse array of topics, including the connection of cosmic and human orders in ancient Greece, medieval notions of sexual disorder, early modern contexts for categorizing individuals and judging acts as "against nature," race and the origin of humans, ecological economics, and radical feminism. The essays also range widely in time and place, from archaic Greece to early twentieth-century China, medieval Europe to contemporary America. Scholars from a wide variety of fields will welcome The Moral Authority of Nature, which provides the first sustained historical survey of its topic. Contributors: Danielle Allen, Joan Cadden, Lorraine Daston, Fa-ti Fan, Eckhardt Fuchs, Valentin Groebner, Abigail J. Lustig, Gregg Mitman, Michelle Murphy, Katharine Park, Matt Price, Robert N. Proctor, Helmut Puff, Robert J. Richards, Londa Schiebinger, Laura Slatkin, Julia Adeney Thomas, Fernando Vidal

Download or read book The Uses of Humans in Experiment written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-03-11 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific experimentation with humans has a long history. Combining elements of history of science with history of medicine, The Uses of Humans in Experiment illustrates how humans have grappled with issues of consent, and how scientists have balanced experience with empiricism to achieve insights for scientific as well as clinical progress. The modern incarnation of ethics has often been considered a product of the second half of the twentieth century, as enshrined in international laws and codes, but these authors remind us that this territory has long been debated, considered, and revisited as a fundamental part of the scientific enterprise that privileges humans as ideal subjects for advancing research.

Download or read book Novels of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton Paul Clifford written by Edward Bulwer Lytton Baron Lytton and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Images and Enterprise written by Reese V. Jenkins and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1987-10-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the early daguerreotype to the rise of the motion picture, Images and Enterprise explores the business, technical, and social factors that transformed the American photographic industry between 1839 and 1925. Reese Jenkins's prize-winning history traces the technical changes that culminated in George Eastman's creation of the Kodak system of amateur photography in the 1880s. Its compact, simply operated cameras would revolutionize an entire industry—even if at first the whole camera had to be mailed back to the company for developing and reloading. Images and Enterprise also vividly portrays the emergence of cinematography in its relationship to traditional photography and reveals the growing importance of institutionalized research, as Eastman Kodak and the other American and European photographic materials manufacturers strove to develop commercially practical color photography.

Download or read book Regulating Morality written by Hans Krabbendam and published by Maklu. This book was released on 2000 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this volume is to compare the experiences of state efforts to control moral behavior in two countries (The Netherlands and the United States of America) by exploring the historical developments in regulating morality and the contemporary efforts to implement moral policies. The volume opens with an overview of the theoretical and historical setting of the debate about moral developments in the Netherlands and the United States. Various hypotheses are then tested by comparing the histories of prostitution and abortion policies in both countries in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the jurisprudence and legislation with respect to euthanasia, and the course and contents of family law (divorce, adoption, homo marriage). Apart from the comparative aspect, these case studies are highly informative and fascinating to read in and by themselves.