Download or read book Brief van D van Leeuwen Amsterdam aan J Oomkens Groningen written by J. Oomkens (Groningen) and published by . This book was released on 1809 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brief van J Oomkens Groningen aan J W Yntema Amsterdam written by J.W. Yntema (Amsterdam) and published by . This book was released on 1807 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brief van P W J de Vos Amsterdam aan J Oomkens Jzn Groningen written by J. Oomkens Jzn (Groningen) and published by . This book was released on 1840 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nieuwsblad Voor Den Boekhandel written by and published by . This book was released on 1864 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With 1855-1927 are issued and bound: Handelingen van de algemeene vergadering.

Download or read book Taxonomic Literature written by Frans Antonie Stafleu and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Challenges in Partially Automated Driving written by Ignacio Solís Marcos and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-14 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technological development in recent years is currently reflected in the implementation of more and more advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). A clear example is found in the automated driving systems being marketed today. Some of these systems are capable of controlling crucial driving tasks such as keeping the vehicle within the lane or maintaining speed and the distance with the front vehicle constant. While this technology is still not mature enough to allow fully autonomous driving, current systems allow partially automated driving, or Level 2 (SAE, 2016). Level 2 automation enables feet-free, and for short periods hands-free driving, under specific situations. Yet, the driver is still expected to monitor the road and the system and be ready to intervene when required by the system. Regarding this, studies from the driving and other domains have warned about potential performance problems associated with placing operators in such monitoring role. Factors such as vigilance decrements or proneness to engage in other activities have been proposed to explain these problems; however, their role in the context of Level 2 automation remains to be further investigated. In this context, the main aims of this thesis were to understand the attentional effects of monitoring a Level 2 automated system and to investigate drivers’ strategies to integrate additional tasks while using such system. In particular, the following research questions were established: 1) Does monitoring a Level 2 system affect driver attention after short driving periods?; 2) Does Level 2 automation facilitate the performance of additional tasks?; 3) How do drivers integrate additional tasks into their monitoring responsibilities, and how is that influenced by automation trust and experience?. A complementary aim of this thesis was to explore the applicability of the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to detect the effects of different types of ADAS, i.e. Level 2 automation and a visual in-vehicle information system (IVIS), on drivers’ attention and on specific processing resources. Three studies were conducted to address the aforementioned research questions. In Study I and III, the participants were asked to drive Level 2 automated and manually while performing an auditory oddball task (Study I) or a visuomotor task (Study III). In Study II, the participants were instructed to perform a computer tracking task with or without the support of an artificial visual IVIS while executing a secondary auditory oddball task. Measurements included performance indicators from the primary and secondary tasks, as well as subjective and psychophysiological measures. ERPs (N1 and P3 amplitude and latencies) elicited by the auditory oddball task were used to assess the participants’ attentional resource allocation. Glance behaviour was also recorded to analyse drivers’ visual monitoring strategies in Study III. In addition, subjective measures of mental workload, vigilance or automation trust were collected. Last, driving parameters such as speed, time spent on the left lane or number overtakings were used to account for driving strategies to integrate an additional task while driving Level 2 automated or manually (Study III). As hypothesized, monitoring a Level 2 automated system for short periods led to lower perceived demands and to reductions in the allocation of attentional resources to the auditory oddball task, as shown by lower amplitudes in the P3 component (Study I). In Study III, driving Level 2 automated led to worse performances on an additional visuomotor task, compared to when driving manually, which contradicted our expectations. Additionally, when the system was active, drivers tended to look less to the road and more to the dashboard; however, only drivers with automation experience or who perceived the system as more robust increased their visual attention to the additional task. Furthermore, the results from Study II showed that some specific ERPs parameters, namely N1 latency and P3 amplitude, were also sensitive to the demands of IVIS while performing the tracking task. Based on previous studies (Young and Stanton, 2002), the lower attentional resource allocation observed in Study I could reflect a cognitive underload effect induced by the Level 2 automated driving. Cognitive underload is proposed as one of the explaining mechanisms for the observed worse performances in the additional visuomotor task during the automated conditions in Study III. However, other effects such as overload or task interferences could also explain this. Finally, the results revealed by the ERPs in Studies I and II suggest that this could be a useful technique to detect alterations in drivers’ attention due to the excessive high or low demands placed by different ADAS. ERPs also showed a greater diagnosticity than other measures in the detection of specific task requirements of perceptual and cognitive resources. Thus, ERPs may be useful as a complementary tool to other mental workload measures. Given that drivers need to remain attentive at all times while interacting with a Level 2 automated vehicle, the use of countermeasures to mitigate the negative attentional effects reported in this thesis is highly recommended. Specific training programs enhancing drivers’ knowledge of the system or the implementation of systems that inform about the system reliability or detect inadequate driver states could be promising solutions. Ägare av fordon med nivå 2-automation har nu möjlighet att köra utan att använda pedalerna, och under korta perioder, även utan att behöva styra i specifika trafiksituationer. Emellertid förblir de fortfarande ansvariga för att kontinuerligt övervaka den omgivande trafikmiljön liksom det automatiserade systemet. Även om automatiserade fordon har potential att öka säkerheten, har tidigare studier visat på betydande problem förknippade med förares svårigheter att övervaka automatiserade system en längre tid. Denna avhandlings huvudsakliga syfte var att förstå vilken inverkan nivå 2- automatiserad körning har på förares uppmärksamhet och beteende under två situationer: a) då föraren övervakar trafiken och systemet, b) då föraren övervakar trafiken och systemet, och samtidigt utför en sidouppgift av visumotorisk karaktär. Dessutom undersöktes även vilken inverkan tillit till och erfarenhet av nivå 2-automation hade på förarens övervakningsstrategier av och användning av systemet. Ett ytterligare, kompletterande syfte med denna avhandling, var att undersöka användbarheten av event-related potentials (ERP) -tekniken för att bättre kunna detektera eventuella förändringar som förknippas med nivå 2-automation. Specifikt analyserades N1 och P3 ERP-komponenterna. Dessutom användes denna teknik i avhandlingen för att upptäcka ökning av den mentala arbetsbelastningen i samband med förarens interaktion med andra vanliga stödsystem, exempelvis fordonets informationssystem. Tre olika studier genomfördes. I Studie I (simulatorstudie) observerades att körning med nivå 2- automation under korta perioder medförde generella minskningar av uppmärksamhetsresursallokering. Denna effekt upptäcktes som en minskning av amplituden hos P3-komponenten, framkallad av utförandet av en sekundär auditiv uppgift. I Studie III (på väg) upptäcktes sämre prestation på en sidouppgift av visumotorisk karaktär under körning med nivå-2 automation jämfört med manuell körning. Det observerades även att förare med större erfarenhet av systemet och/eller högre skattningar av systemets robusthet, tenderade att titta mindre på vägen och mer på sidouppgiften. Slutligen, i Studie II (laboratoriestudie), upptäcktes att ERP var användbart för att detektera ökningar av krav associerade med utförandet av en datoradministrerad spårningsuppgift, baserad på ett artificiellt visuellt IVIS. I allmänhet tyder resultaten i denna avhandling på att nivå 2-automation kan leda till kognitiv underbelastning, en effekt som tidigare har observerats i högre grader av automation. Nedsättning av uppmärksamhet, beroende på kognitiv underbelastning, kan förklara de sämre prestationerna på sidouppgiften under körning med nivå 2-automation som observerades i studie III. Dock behöver resultatet undersökas ytterligare eftersom andra effekter, som överbelastning eller specifik uppgiftskonkurrens, också kan ha skett. I enlighet med avhandlingens kompletterande syfte, uppvisade användningen av ERP, som ett komplementärt verktyg till andra sätt att mäta mental arbetsbelastning, lovande resultat. ERP kan användas för att upptäcka ytterligare effekter av olika stödsystem, som antingen ökar eller minskar de krav som ställs på föraren. Nu finns fordon med nivå 2-automation på vägarna. Trots detta är vissa säkerhetsproblem, förknippade med deras effekter på förarens förmågor och beteende, fortfarande olösta. Det är därför nödvändigt att insatser görs för att mildra sådana problem så att framtida incidenter i trafiken kan förhindras i så stor utsträckning som möjligt. Förhoppningsvis bidrar denna avhandling till att öka förståelsen för de verkliga effekterna av nivå 2-system på förare och uppmuntrar till fler framtida studier inom området.

Download or read book Ecological Restoration of Aquatic and Semi Aquatic Ecosystems in the Netherlands NW Europe written by P.H. Nienhuis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents the state of the art of aquatic and semi-aquatic ecological restoration projects in The Netherlands. Starting from the conceptual basis of restoration ecology, the successes and failures of hundreds of restoration projects are described. Numerous successful projects are mentioned. In general ecological restoration endeavours greatly benefit from the progressive experience achieved in the course of the years. Failures mainly occur through insufficient application of physical, chemical or ecological principles. Spontaneous colonization by plants and animals, following habitat reconstruction, is preferred. However, sometimes the re-introduction of keystone species (e.g. eelgrass, salmon, beaver) is necessary in case the potential habitats are isolated or fragmented, or if a seed bank is lacking, thus not allowing viable populations to develop. Re-introducing traditional management techniques (e.g. mowing without fertilization, low intensity grazing) is important to rehabilitate the semi-natural and cultural landscapes that are so characteristic for The Netherlands.

Download or read book Globi Neerlandici written by Peter Van Der Krogt and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1993 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With bibliography of globes made in the Low Countries, ca. 1525-1800.

Download or read book Dutch Type written by Jan Middendorp and published by 010 Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overzicht van vooral de 20e-eeuwse Nederlandse typografie.

Download or read book The TRB West Group written by Jan Albert Bakker and published by Sidestone Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classic study of the pottery of the TRB West group, originally published in 1979. Bakker deals with the research history and typochronology of the TRB pottery. Also he gives a detailed account of the other TRB finds such as flint and stone artefacts and of course the most important TRB sites. Over the years this book has become a standard-work for anyone who is interested in hunebeds and their makers. The author has written a new introduction to this reprint in which he describes how the book of 1979 came together and the research that has been carried out since then.

Download or read book Historical Disasters in Context written by Andrea JANKU and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-12-21 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing concerns about climate change and the increasing occurrence of ever more devastating natural disasters in some parts of the world and their consequences for human life, not only in the immediately affected regions, but for all of us, have increased our desire to learn more about disaster experiences in the past. How did disaster experiences impact on the development of modern sciences in the early modern era? Why did religion continue to play such an important role in the encounter with disasters, despite the strong trend towards secularization in the modern world? What was the political role of disasters? Historical Disasters in Context illustrates how past societies coped with a threatening environment, how societies changed in response to disaster experiences, and how disaster experiences were processed and communicated, both locally and globally. Particular emphasis is put on the realms of science, religion, and politics. International case studies demonstrate that while there are huge differences across cultures in the way people and societies responded to disasters, there are also many commonalities and interactions between different cultures that have the potential to alter the ways people prepare for and react to disasters in future. To explain these relationships and highlight their significance is the purpose of this volume.

Download or read book The Prehistory of the Netherlands written by L. P. Louwe Kooijmans and published by Leiden University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-awaited reference work offers a systematic description of developments in the Netherlands during the whole pre-Roman period, starting 250,000 years ago, up until the Roman conquest of the suthern part of the country.

Download or read book The Medical Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century written by Andrew Cunningham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990-07-19 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of essays on the development of medicine in the century of the Enlightenment, illustrating the decline in the role of religion in medical thinking, and the increased use of reason.

Download or read book Dreadful Visitations written by Alessa Johns and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout history, varying responses to catastrophe have revealed much about a society's cultural and philosophical character. In Dreadful Visitations , leading scholars of different disciplines examine eighteenth-century responses to natural disaster, showing how human agency played an active role in the creation of destructive circumstances, and how these disasters helped to establish national and moral identities in the Age of Reason. Contributors: David Arnold, Daniel Gordon, Carla Hesse, George Starr, Alan Taylor, Steven Tobriner and Charles Walker.

Download or read book Western medicine as contested knowledge written by Andrew Cunningham and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicine has always been a significant tool of an empire. This book focuses on the issue of the contestation of knowledge, and examines the non-Western responses to Western medicine. The decolonised states wanted Western medicine to be established with Western money, which was resisted by the WHO. The attribution of an African origin to AIDS is related to how Western scientists view the disease as epidemic and sexually threatening. Veterinary science, when applied to domestic stock, opens up fresh areas of conflict which can profoundly influence human health. Pastoral herd management was the enemy of land enclosure and efficient land use in the eyes of the colonisers. While the native Indians of the United States were marginal participants in the delivery or shaping of health care, the Navajo passively resisted Western medicine by never giving up their own religion-medicine. The book discusses the involvement of the Rockefeller Foundation in eradicating the yellow fever in Brazil and hookworm in Mexico. The imposition of Western medicine in British India picked up with plague outbreaks and enforced vaccination. The plurality of Indian medicine is addressed with respect to the non-literate folk medicine of Rajasthan in north-west India. The Japanese have been resistant to the adoption of the transplant practices of modern scientific medicine. Rumours about the way the British were dealing with plague in Hong Kong and Cape Town are discussed. Thailand had accepted Western medicine but suffered the effects of severe drug resistance to the WHO treatment of choice in malaria.

Download or read book An Environmental History of the Early Modern Period written by Martin Knoll and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2014 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental history of early modern times is a seminal and lively field of historical research. This volume offers ten concise essays that provide an overview of current research debates on a broad span of topics, such as historical climatology and climate reconstruction, coping with disaster, land use and agricultural knowledge, forest history, urbanization, the perceptions of (alpine) nature, and societal dealings with water and rivers. Taken together, the contributions establish early modern studies as a promising laboratory for new avenues in environmental history. (Series: Austria: Research and Science - History / Austria: Forschung und Wissenschaft - Geschichte - Vol. 10) [Subject: History, Environmental Studies]

Download or read book Natural Disasters Cultural Responses written by Christof Mauch and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2009-03-16 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catastrophes, it seems, are becoming more frequent in the twenty-first century. According to UN statistics, every year approximately two hundred million people are directly affected by natural disasters_seven times the number of people who are affected by war. Discussions about global warming and fatal disasters such as Katrina and the Tsunami of 2004 have heightened our awareness of natural disasters and of their impact on both local and global communities. Hollywood has also produced numerous disaster movies in recent years, some of which have become blockbusters. This volume demonstrates that natural catastrophes_earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, etc._have exercised a vast impact on humans throughout history and in almost every part of the world. It argues that human attitudes toward catastrophes have changed over time. Surprisingly, this has not necessarily led to a reduction of exposure or risk. The organization of the book resembles a journey around the globe_from Europe to North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, and from the Pacific through South America and Mexico to the United States. While natural disasters appear everywhere on the globe, different cultures, societies, and nations have adopted specific styles for coping with disaster. Indeed, how humans deal with catastrophes depends largely on social and cultural patterns, values, religious belief systems, political institutions, and economic structures. The roles that catastrophes play in society and the meanings they are given vary from one region to the next; they differ_and this is one of the principal arguments of this book_from one cultural, political, and geographic space to the next. The essays collected here help us to understand not only how people in different times throughout history have learned to cope with disaster but also how humans in different parts of the world have developed specific cultural, social, and technological strategies for doing so.