Download or read book Breeding Habits and Potential Speciation of Dark eyed Juncos Junco Hyemalis written by Kaitlin Richmond and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Snowbird written by Ellen D. Ketterson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At birdfeeders and in backyards across North America, the dark-eyed junco, or snowbird, can be found foraging for its next meal. With an estimated population of at least 630 million, juncos inhabit forests, parks, and even suburban habitats, making them one of the continent’s most abundant and easily observable songbirds. But while common and widespread, juncos also exhibit extraordinary diversity in color, shape, size, and behavior across their range, making them ideal study subjects for biologists interested in ecology and evolutionary diversification. Intended for scholars, citizen scientists, and amateur ornithologists, alike, Snowbird synthesizes decades of research from the diverse and talented researchers who study the Junco genus. Though contributors approach their subject from a variety of perspectives, they share a common goal: elucidating the organismal and evolutionary processes by which animals adapt and diversify in response to environmental change. Placing special emphasis on the important role that underlying physiological, hormonal, and behavioral mechanisms play in these processes, Snowbird not only provides a definitive exploration of the junco’s evolutionary history and behavioral and physiological diversity but also underscores the junco’s continued importance as a model organism in a time of rapid global climate change. By merging often disparate biological fields, Snowbird offers biologists across disciplines an integrative framework for further research into adaptation, population divergence, and the formation of new species.
Download or read book Differences in Sexual Traits Between Two Populations of Dark eyed Juncos Occupying Very Different Habitats written by Newman Melissa Marie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Urban Invasion by Dark eyed Juncos Junco Hyemalis written by Caylor Austin Rasner and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Constant Light at Night on Reproductive Timing in Migrant and Resident Dark eyed Juncos written by Jesse D. Montoure and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A factor common to human-dominated environments, artificial light at night (ALAN), has become pervasive and disruptive to wildlife. Many species rely on changes in day length to time seasonal events including migration and reproduction. ALAN poses a special challenge to birds as they colonize cities and use urban areas filled with high artificial light levels as wintering or stopover sites during migration. ALAN has been shown to advance daily and seasonal timing, shift foraging habits, and perpetuate desynchrony between urban and rural conspecifics. Existing literature has not directly compared migrants and residents in their response to ALAN or asked whether latitude of origin may influence an ALAN response. To test this, we exposed male migrant and resident members of the species Junco hyemalis (Dark-eyed Junco) to seasonal changes in day length along with constant dim light at night (~2 lux) for the duration of their reproductive cycle in a captive setting. A control group was held in similar conditions with increasing day length but with dark nights. Physiological measurements including body fat, condition, cloacal protuberance volume, and testosterone following a GnRH challenge were taken to assess migratory and reproductive status. Migratory and resident juncos in the light at night (LAN) treatment showed advanced initiation of reproduction and advanced termination of reproduction. Migrants in the LAN group also differed significantly in the timing of fat gain for migration compared to the control condition. This study provides evidence for a response to ALAN that differs based on life history. While both migrants and residents in the LAN group showed an advanced reproductive cycle, the desynchrony between the subpopulations was not overridden by ALAN. The difference in initiation of reproduction between birds exposed to ALAN could have implications for a divergence in migratory and reproductive timing between urban and rural conspecifics as well as for how far migratory birds travel. This is the first study to directly compare migratory and resident populations in their response to light at night. Future studies should quantify the amount of light migratory birds are receiving during stopovers and how urban environments might be drivers of desynchronies in timing of breeding.
Download or read book Patterns of Extra pair Fertilizations in Dark eyed Juncos Junco Hyemalis written by Samrrah Arif Raouf and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nesting Ecology and Food Availability of Dark eyed Juncos Junco Hyemalis in Response to Prescribed Burn written by Jinelle B. Hutchins and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Songbird Behavior and Conservation in the Anthropocene written by Darren S. Proppe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Songbirds are often used as indicators of environmental health. From the canary in the coalmine, to shifts in demographics and population patterns, birds tell us when things are not well. More often than not, these observable trends are a result of adaptive behavior that has evolved over many generations. Understanding foundation concepts of songbird behavior, including the rate at which behavioral changes occur and the limits of plasticity, is a requirement for anyone interested in sustaining healthy songbird populations in the Anthropocene. Yet, our world is changing rapidly. Can songbirds adapt quickly enough to keep up? Observed declines in many species worldwide suggest that the answer is no. To avoid extinction for many species, our conservation strategies must be broader and more intentional. For example, are there ways to actively manage habitats so that vital cue-response systems are kept intact? Anthropogenic factors are also altering how birds select mates and habitats, sometimes in ways that decrease fitness. Can biologists actively manipulate behavior to mitigate these mismatches? The first goal of this book is to educate academics and managers alike about the foundational behaviors that drive songbird activity and demographic patterns. Topics such as migration, habitat selection, communication, etc., are explored by renown songbird biologist to bring the reader up to speed on the latest advancements in the field. However, each author is also versed in the principles of conservation. The second goal of this book is to explore the current issues that songbirds face in an increasingly anthropic world – and to discuss the role of behavior in the development of management solutions. By broadening our conservation toolkit, we can be more prepared to manage songbird populations and communities within the environmental challenges of the Anthropocene.
Download or read book Sex Ratio of Dark eyed Juncos Junco H Hyemalis in Northwestern Arkansas and an Examination of Junco Dominance Hierarchies Along a Latitudinal Gradient written by Noma Catherine Wilkinson and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Evolutionary Biology written by Marta Szulkin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Evolutionary Biology fills an important knowledge gap on wild organismal evolution in the urban environment, whilst offering a novel exploration of the fast-growing new field of evolutionary research. The growing rate of urbanization and the maturation of urban study systems worldwide means interest in the urban environment as an agent of evolutionary change is rapidly increasing. We are presently witnessing the emergence of a new field of research in evolutionary biology. Despite its rapid global expansion, the urban environment has until now been a largely neglected study site among evolutionary biologists. With its conspicuously altered ecological dynamics, it stands in stark contrast to the natural environments traditionally used as cornerstones for evolutionary ecology research. Urbanization can offer a great range of new opportunities to test for rapid evolutionary processes as a consequence of human activity, both because of replicate contexts for hypothesis testing, but also because cities are characterized by an array of easily quantifiable environmental axes of variation and thus testable agents of selection. Thanks to a wide possible breadth of inference (in terms of taxa) that may be studied, and a great variety of analytical methods, urban evolution has the potential to stand at a fascinating multi-disciplinary crossroad, enriching the field of evolutionary biology with emergent yet incredibly potent new research themes where the urban habitat is key. Urban Evolutionary Biology is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers studying the genetics, evolutionary biology, and ecology of urban environments. It is also highly relevant to urban ecologists and urban wildlife practitioners.
Download or read book Avian Biology written by Donald S. Farner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avian Biology, Volume VI is a compendium of papers that deals with selected aspects of avian biology. One paper discusses the avian mating behavior and covers topics such as monogamy, polygyny, male incubation, and female emancipation; these papers also list a table of the species of birds in which polyandry has been observed. Another paper examines bird migration in relation to the mechanism and development of migration with emphasis on the evolution and function (ultimate causation) of migration. Another paper discusses the advantages of one form of social organization of birds during the non-reproductive season over another form. This paper reasons the possibility of the existence of a cost-benefit social behavior. Other papers discuss some physical features found in birds such as stomach oils and glycogen-filled cells. Another paper deals with the respiratory physiology of birds as new research data have been made available in this area. This book can prove useful for investigators in avian biology, zoologists, and readers who have a general interest in birds.
Download or read book The Habitat Preference of the Dark eyed Junco Junco Hyemalis written by Edgar Parsons Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Ecology written by Jari Niemelä and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-11-17 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization is a global phenomenon that is increasingly challenging human society. It is therefore crucially important to ensure that the relentless expansion of cities and towns proceeds sustainably. Urban ecology, the interdisciplinary study of ecological patterns and processes in towns and cities, is a rapidly developing field that can provide a scientific basis for the informed decision-making and planning needed to create both viable and sustainable cities. Urban Ecology brings together an international team of leading scientists to discuss our current understanding of all aspects of urban environments, from the biology of the organisms that inhabit them to the diversity of ecosystem services and human social issues encountered within urban landscapes. The book is divided into five sections with the first describing the physical urban environment. Subsequent sections examine ecological patterns and processes within the urban setting, followed by the integration of ecology with social issues. The book concludes with a discussion of the applications of urban ecology to land-use planning. The emphasis throughout is on what we actually know (as well as what we should know) about the complexities of social-ecological systems in urban areas, in order to develop urban ecology as a rigorous scientific discipline.
Download or read book No Evidence that Novel Resource Availability Drives Bill Shape Divergence in Urban Dark eyed Juncos Junco Hyemalis written by Sara Elizabeth Freimuth and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization is rapidly changing landscapes worldwide, driving phenotypic divergence in numerous urban wildlife populations. However, the strength and direction of this divergence may vary across and within cities. Here, we investigated the influence of fine-scale environmental variation on the morphological divergence of dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) across three Southern California cities. We explored how bill shape varies across three urban populations and one non-urban population, and we tested whether bill shape varies with fine-scale changes in resource availability across urban Los Angeles. Bill shape differed between urban and non-urban populations, but we did not observe expected patterns of bill shape divergence across cities. Bill shape variation also was not associated with fine-scale variation in resource availability within urban Los Angeles. Our findings suggest urban junco bill shape may be driven by non-adaptive processes, other environmental factors, or a more complex suite of urban selection pressures.
Download or read book The Evolution of Animal Communication written by William A. Searcy and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gull chicks beg for food from their parents. Peacocks spread their tails to attract potential mates. Meerkats alert family members of the approach of predators. But are these--and other animals--sometimes dishonest? That's what William Searcy and Stephen Nowicki ask in The Evolution of Animal Communication. They take on the fascinating yet perplexing question of the dependability of animal signaling systems. The book probes such phenomena as the begging of nesting birds, alarm calls in squirrels and primates, carotenoid coloration in fish and birds, the calls of frogs and toads, and weapon displays in crustaceans. Do these signals convey accurate information about the signaler, its future behavior, or its environment? Or do they mislead receivers in a way that benefits the signaler? For example, is the begging chick really hungry as its cries indicate or is it lobbying to get more food than its brothers and sisters? Searcy and Nowicki take on these and other questions by developing clear definitions of key issues, by reviewing the most relevant empirical data and game theory models available, and by asking how well theory matches data. They find that animal communication is largely reliable--but that this basic reliability also allows the clever deceiver to flourish. Well researched and clearly written, their book provides new insight into animal communication, behavior, and evolution.
Download or read book Geographic Variation in Sex Ratio Among Wintering Dark Eyed Juncos Junco Hyemalis written by Ellen Dorcas Ketterson and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Ecology written by Kevin J. Gaston and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is the urban century in which, for the first time, the majority of people live in towns and cities. Understanding how people influence, and are influenced by, the 'green' component of these environments is therefore of enormous significance. Providing an overview of the essentials of urban ecology, the book begins by covering the vital background concepts of the urbanisation process and the effect that it can have on ecosystem functions and services. Later sections are devoted to examining how species respond to urbanisation, the many facets of human-ecology interactions, and the issues surrounding urban planning and the provision of urban green spaces. Drawing on examples from urban settlements around the world, it highlights the progress to date in this burgeoning field, as well as the challenges that lie ahead"--Provided by publisher.
