Download or read book Breaking the Language Barrier Demystifying Language Models with OpenAI written by Rayan Wali and published by Rayan Wali. This book was released on 2023-03-08 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breaking the Language Barrier: Demystifying Language Models with OpenAI is an informative guide that covers practical NLP use cases, from machine translation to vector search, in a clear and accessible manner. In addition to providing insights into the latest technology that powers ChatGPT and other OpenAI language models, including GPT-3 and DALL-E, this book also showcases how to use OpenAI on the cloud, specifically on Microsoft Azure, to create scalable and efficient solutions.

Download or read book Demystifying Large Language Models written by James Chen and published by James Chen. This book was released on 2024-04-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide aiming to demystify the world of transformers -- the architecture that powers Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and BERT. From PyTorch basics and mathematical foundations to implementing a Transformer from scratch, you'll gain a deep understanding of the inner workings of these models. That's just the beginning. Get ready to dive into the realm of pre-training your own Transformer from scratch, unlocking the power of transfer learning to fine-tune LLMs for your specific use cases, exploring advanced techniques like PEFT (Prompting for Efficient Fine-Tuning) and LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) for fine-tuning, as well as RLHF (Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback) for detoxifying LLMs to make them aligned with human values and ethical norms. Step into the deployment of LLMs, delivering these state-of-the-art language models into the real-world, whether integrating them into cloud platforms or optimizing them for edge devices, this section ensures you're equipped with the know-how to bring your AI solutions to life. Whether you're a seasoned AI practitioner, a data scientist, or a curious developer eager to advance your knowledge on the powerful LLMs, this book is your ultimate guide to mastering these cutting-edge models. By translating convoluted concepts into understandable explanations and offering a practical hands-on approach, this treasure trove of knowledge is invaluable to both aspiring beginners and seasoned professionals. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 What is AI, ML, DL, Generative AI and Large Language Model 1.2 Lifecycle of Large Language Models 1.3 Whom This Book Is For 1.4 How This Book Is Organized 1.5 Source Code and Resources 2. PYTORCH BASICS AND MATH FUNDAMENTALS 2.1 Tensor and Vector 2.2 Tensor and Matrix 2.3 Dot Product 2.4 Softmax 2.5 Cross Entropy 2.6 GPU Support 2.7 Linear Transformation 2.8 Embedding 2.9 Neural Network 2.10 Bigram and N-gram Models 2.11 Greedy, Random Sampling and Beam 2.12 Rank of Matrices 2.13 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 2.14 Conclusion 3. TRANSFORMER 3.1 Dataset and Tokenization 3.2 Embedding 3.3 Positional Encoding 3.4 Layer Normalization 3.5 Feed Forward 3.6 Scaled Dot-Product Attention 3.7 Mask 3.8 Multi-Head Attention 3.9 Encoder Layer and Encoder 3.10 Decoder Layer and Decoder 3.11 Transformer 3.12 Training 3.13 Inference 3.14 Conclusion 4. PRE-TRAINING 4.1 Machine Translation 4.2 Dataset and Tokenization 4.3 Load Data in Batch 4.4 Pre-Training nn.Transformer Model 4.5 Inference 4.6 Popular Large Language Models 4.7 Computational Resources 4.8 Prompt Engineering and In-context Learning (ICL) 4.9 Prompt Engineering on FLAN-T5 4.10 Pipelines 4.11 Conclusion 5. FINE-TUNING 5.1 Fine-Tuning 5.2 Parameter Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) 5.3 Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) 5.4 Adapter 5.5 Prompt Tuning 5.6 Evaluation 5.7 Reinforcement Learning 5.8 Reinforcement Learning Human Feedback (RLHF) 5.9 Implementation of RLHF 5.10 Conclusion 6. DEPLOYMENT OF LLMS 6.1 Challenges and Considerations 6.2 Pre-Deployment Optimization 6.3 Security and Privacy 6.4 Deployment Architectures 6.5 Scalability and Load Balancing 6.6 Compliance and Ethics Review 6.7 Model Versioning and Updates 6.8 LLM-Powered Applications 6.9 Vector Database 6.10 LangChain 6.11 Chatbot, Example of LLM-Powered Application 6.12 WebUI, Example of LLM-Power Application 6.13 Future Trends and Challenges 6.14 Conclusion REFERENCES ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Download or read book Impact of AI on Advancing Women s Safety written by Ponnusamy, Sivaram and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-02-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women encounter multifaceted threats, ranging from personal safety hazards to discrimination deeply embedded in societal structures. The existing landscape demands innovative strategies to ensure women can participate fully in society without fear or impediment. Traditional systems often fall short, necessitating a paradigm shift in our approach to women's safety. Impact of AI on Advancing Women's Safety emerges as a groundbreaking solution to address the pervasive challenges they face. From the shadows of harassment to systemic biases in justice systems, women navigate a complex landscape. This book delves into the pressing issues, unveiling a visionary approach that leverages artificial intelligence to create tangible, transformative solutions.

Download or read book Demystifying Large Language Models A Comprehensive Guide written by Anand Vemula and published by Anand Vemula. This book was released on with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demystifying Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Guide" serves as an essential roadmap for navigating the complex terrain of cutting-edge language technologies. In this book, readers are taken on a journey into the heart of Large Language Models (LLMs), exploring their significance, mechanics, and real-world applications. The narrative begins by contextualizing LLMs within the broader landscape of artificial intelligence and natural language processing, offering a clear understanding of their evolution and the pivotal role they play in modern computational linguistics. Delving into the workings of LLMs, the book breaks down intricate concepts into digestible insights, ensuring accessibility for both technical and non-technical audiences. Readers are introduced to the underlying architectures and training methodologies that power LLMs, including Transformer models like GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) series. Through illustrative examples and practical explanations, complex technical details are demystified, empowering readers to grasp the essence of how these models generate human-like text and responses. Beyond theoretical underpinnings, the book explores diverse applications of LLMs across industries and disciplines. From natural language understanding and generation to sentiment analysis and machine translation, readers gain valuable insights into how LLMs are revolutionizing tasks once deemed exclusive to human intelligence. Moreover, the book addresses critical considerations surrounding ethics, bias, and responsible deployment of LLMs in real-world scenarios. It prompts readers to reflect on the societal implications of these technologies and encourages a thoughtful approach towards their development and utilization. With its comprehensive coverage and accessible language, "Demystifying Large Language Models" equips readers with the knowledge and understanding needed to engage with LLMs confidently. Whether you're a researcher, industry professional, or curious enthusiast, this book offers invaluable insights into the present and future of language technology.

Download or read book A Practical Guide to AI and Data Analytics written by Rayan Wali and published by . This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you are looking to prepare for AI/ML/Data Science job interviews or you are a beginner in the field of Data Science and AI, this book is designed for engineers and AI enthusiasts like you at all skill levels. Taking a different approach from a traditional textbook style of instruction, A Practical Guide to AI and Data Analytics touches on all of the fundamental topics you will need to understand deeper into machine learning and artificial intelligence research, literature, and practical applications with its three parts: Part I: A Conceptual (and Visual) Illustration [topics including, but not limited to, are listed below] Fundamentals of Data Science The Data and Machine Learning Pipelines Data Preprocessing + Worked Data Preprocessing Strategy Data Visualization Python for Data Analysis Calculus & Linear Algebra Fundamentals Data Structures and Algorithms Exercises Machine Learning Models & Algorithms (kNN, Neural Networks, Hidden Markov Models, Ensemble Methods, etc.) Deep Learning for Computer Vision & NLP (CNNs, RNNs, etc.) Data Mining Model Deployment Time Series Data Analysis AI Systems in the Real-World Applications of Data Analysis Exercises Database Systems & Cloud Computing (with practical example) Functional Programming for Data Analytics Part II: 10 Full-Length Case Studies Case Study I: Sports Web Scraping Case Study II: NLP Textual Analysis Case Study III: Emergency Response Duration Analysis Case Study IV: MNIST Image Classification Case Study V: COVID-19 Statistical Data Analysis Case Study VI: COVID-19 Chest X-Ray Screening Case Study VII: Signal Strength Geospatial Analysis Case Study VIII: NYC Crash Accidents Data Analysis Case Study IX: Sales Forecasting Case Study X: Meteorite Landings Analysis Part III: A Full-Length Data Science and Analytics Skills Assessment (DSSA) With exercises that span a wide range of AI problems from different domains, from the economics and finance to transportation and medical industries, the DSSA aims to provide a comprehensive assessment to measure your understanding through cleverly-designed AI reasoning, problem-solving, and scenario-based exercises, whether you use it to enhance your understanding in the AI and Data Analytics field or use it to prepare for your AI/Data Analytics problem solving and system design interviews. Section I: 60 Multiple-Choice and Short-Answer Exercises Section II: 5 AI & Data Analytics Problem Solving and Coding Exercises Solutions to Sections I and II are included With an illustrative approach to instruction, worked examples, and case studies, this easy-to-understand book simplifies many of the AI and Data Analytics key concepts, leading to an improvement of AI/ML system design skills.

Download or read book AI and education written by Miao, Fengchun and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to address some of the biggest challenges in education today, innovate teaching and learning practices, and ultimately accelerate the progress towards SDG 4. However, these rapid technological developments inevitably bring multiple risks and challenges, which have so far outpaced policy debates and regulatory frameworks. This publication offers guidance for policy-makers on how best to leverage the opportunities and address the risks, presented by the growing connection between AI and education. It starts with the essentials of AI: definitions, techniques and technologies. It continues with a detailed analysis of the emerging trends and implications of AI for teaching and learning, including how we can ensure the ethical, inclusive and equitable use of AI in education, how education can prepare humans to live and work with AI, and how AI can be applied to enhance education. It finally introduces the challenges of harnessing AI to achieve SDG 4 and offers concrete actionable recommendations for policy-makers to plan policies and programmes for local contexts. [Publisher summary, ed]

Download or read book Applied Natural Language Processing in the Enterprise written by Ankur A. Patel and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NLP has exploded in popularity over the last few years. But while Google, Facebook, OpenAI, and others continue to release larger language models, many teams still struggle with building NLP applications that live up to the hype. This hands-on guide helps you get up to speed on the latest and most promising trends in NLP. With a basic understanding of machine learning and some Python experience, you'll learn how to build, train, and deploy models for real-world applications in your organization. Authors Ankur Patel and Ajay Uppili Arasanipalai guide you through the process using code and examples that highlight the best practices in modern NLP. Use state-of-the-art NLP models such as BERT and GPT-3 to solve NLP tasks such as named entity recognition, text classification, semantic search, and reading comprehension Train NLP models with performance comparable or superior to that of out-of-the-box systems Learn about Transformer architecture and modern tricks like transfer learning that have taken the NLP world by storm Become familiar with the tools of the trade, including spaCy, Hugging Face, and fast.ai Build core parts of the NLP pipeline--including tokenizers, embeddings, and language models--from scratch using Python and PyTorch Take your models out of Jupyter notebooks and learn how to deploy, monitor, and maintain them in production

Download or read book Exploring GPT 3 written by Steve Tingiris and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-08-27 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get started with GPT-3 and the OpenAI API for natural language processing using JavaScript and Python Key FeaturesUnderstand the power of potential GPT-3 language models and the risks involvedExplore core GPT-3 use cases such as text generation, classification, and semantic search using engaging examplesPlan and prepare a GPT-3 application for the OpenAI review process required for publishing a live applicationBook Description Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a highly advanced language model from OpenAI that can generate written text that is virtually indistinguishable from text written by humans. Whether you have a technical or non-technical background, this book will help you understand and start working with GPT-3 and the OpenAI API. If you want to get hands-on with leveraging artificial intelligence for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, this easy-to-follow book will help you get started. Beginning with a high-level introduction to NLP and GPT-3, the book takes you through practical examples that show how to leverage the OpenAI API and GPT-3 for text generation, classification, and semantic search. You'll explore the capabilities of the OpenAI API and GPT-3 and find out which NLP use cases GPT-3 is best suited for. You'll also learn how to use the API and optimize requests for the best possible results. With examples focusing on the OpenAI Playground and easy-to-follow JavaScript and Python code samples, the book illustrates the possible applications of GPT-3 in production. By the end of this book, you'll understand the best use cases for GPT-3 and how to integrate the OpenAI API in your applications for a wide array of NLP tasks. What you will learnUnderstand what GPT-3 is and how it can be used for various NLP tasksGet a high-level introduction to GPT-3 and the OpenAI APIImplement JavaScript and Python code examples that call the OpenAI APIStructure GPT-3 prompts and options to get the best possible resultsSelect the right GPT-3 engine or model to optimize for speed and cost-efficiencyFind out which use cases would not be suitable for GPT-3Create a GPT-3-powered knowledge base application that follows OpenAI guidelinesWho this book is for Exploring GPT-3 is for anyone interested in natural language processing or learning GPT-3 with or without a technical background. Developers, product managers, entrepreneurs, and hobbyists looking to get to grips with NLP, AI, and GPT-3 will find this book useful. Basic computer skills are all you need to get the most out of this book.

Download or read book A Moral Political Economy written by Federica Carugati and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economies - and the government institutions that support them - reflect a moral and political choice, a choice we can make and remake. Since the dawn of industrialization and democratization in the late eighteenth century, there has been a succession of political economic frameworks, reflecting changes in technology, knowledge, trade, global connections, political power, and the expansion of citizenship. The challenges of today reveal the need for a new moral political economy that recognizes the politics in political economy. It also requires the redesign of our social, economic, and governing institutions based on assumptions about humans as social beings rather than narrow self-serving individualists. This Element makes some progress toward building a new moral political economy by offering both a theory of change and some principles for institutional (re)design.

Download or read book Voicebot and Chatbot Design written by Rachel Batish and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-09-29 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Create conversational UIs using cutting-edge frameworks Key FeaturesBuild AI chatbots and voicebots using practical and accessible toolkitsDesign and create voicebots that really shine in front of humansWork with familiar appliances like Alexa, Google Home, and FB MessengerDesign for UI success across different industries and use casesBook Description We are entering the age of conversational interfaces, where we will interact with AI bots using chat and voice. But how do we create a good conversation? How do we design and build voicebots and chatbots that can carry successful conversations in in the real world? In this book, Rachel Batish introduces us to the world of conversational applications, bots and AI. You’ll discover how - with little technical knowledge - you can build successful and meaningful conversational UIs. You’ll find detailed guidance on how to build and deploy bots on the leading conversational platforms, including Amazon Alexa, Google Home, and Facebook Messenger. You’ll then learn key design aspects for building conversational UIs that will really succeed and shine in front of humans. You’ll discover how your AI bots can become part of a meaningful conversation with humans, using techniques such as persona shaping, and tone analysis. For successful bots in the real world, you’ll explore important use-cases and examples where humans interact with bots. With examples across finance, travel, and e-commerce, you’ll see how you can create successful conversational UIs in any sector. Expand your horizons further as Rachel shares with you her insights into cutting-edge voicebot and chatbot technologies, and how the future might unfold. Join in right now and start building successful, high impact bots! What you will learnBuild your own AI voicebots and chatbotsUse familiar appliances like Alexa, Google Home, and Facebook MessengerMaster the elements of conversational user interfacesKey design techniques to make your bots successfulUse tone analysis to deepen UI conversation for humansCreate voicebots and UIs designed for real-world situationsInsightful case studies in finance, travel, and e-commerceCutting-edge technology and insight into the future of AI botsWho this book is for This book is for you, if you want to deepen your appreciation of UI and how conversational UIs - driven by artificial intelligence - are transforming the way humans interact with computers, appliances, and the everyday world around us. This book works with the major UI toolkits available today, so you do not need a deep programming knowledge to build the bots in this book: a basic familiarity with markup languages and JavaScript will give you everything you need to start building cutting-edge conversational UIs.

Download or read book Secure IT Systems written by Nicola Tuveri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-13 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems, NordSec 2021, which was held online during November 2021. The 11 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: Applied Cryptography, Security in Internet of Things, Machine Learning and Security, Network Security, and Trust.

Download or read book Digital Disruption written by Bharat Vagadia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book goes beyond the hype, delving into real world technologies and applications that are driving our future and examines the possible impact these changes will have on industries, economies and society at large. It details the actions governments and regulators must take in order to ensure these changes bring about positive benefits to the public without stifling innovation that may well be the future source of value creation. It examines how organisations in a world of digital ecosystems, where industry boundaries are blurring, must undertake radical digital transformation to survive and thrive in this new digital world. The reader is taken through a framework that critically examines (i) Digital Connectivity including 5G and IoT; (ii) Data Capture and Distribution which includes smart connected verticals; (iii) Data Integrity, Control and Tokenisation that includes cyber security, digital signatures, blockchain, smart contracts, digital assets and cryptocurrencies; (iv) Data Processing and Artificial Intelligence; and (v) Disruptive Applications which include platforms, virtual and augmented reality, drones, autonomous vehicles, digital twins and digital assistants.

Download or read book The Restless Clock written by Jessica Riskin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core principle of modern science holds that a scientific explanation must not attribute will or agency to natural phenomena.The Restless Clock examines the origins and history of this, in particular as it applies to the science of living things. This is also the story of a tradition of radicals—dissenters who embraced the opposite view, that agency is an essential and ineradicable part of nature. Beginning with the church and courtly automata of early modern Europe, Jessica Riskin guides us through our thinking about the extent to which animals might be understood as mere machines. We encounter fantastic robots and cyborgs as well as a cast of scientific and philosophical luminaries, including Descartes and Leibnitz, Lamarck and Darwin, whose ideas gain new relevance in Riskin's hands. The book ends with a riveting discussion of how the dialectic continues in genetics, epigenetics, and evolutionary biology, where work continues to naturalize different forms of agency.The Restless Clock reveals the deeply buried roots of current debates in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and evolutionary biology.

Download or read book Post editing of Machine Translation written by Laura Winther Balling and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-editing is possibly the oldest form of human-machine cooperation for translation. It has been a common practice for just about as long as operational machine translation systems have existed. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in post-editing among the wider user community, partly due to the increasing quality of machine translation output, but also to the availability of free, reliable software for both machine translation and post-editing. As a result, the practices and processes of the translation industry are changing in fundamental ways. This volume is a compilation of work by researchers, developers and practitioners of post-editing, presented at two recent events on post-editing: The first Workshop on Post-editing Technology and Practice, held in conjunction with the 10th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, held in San Diego, in 2012; and the International Workshop on Expertise in Translation and Post-editing Research and Application, held at the Copenhagen Business School, in 2012.

Download or read book Introduction to Deep Learning Business Applications for Developers written by Armando Vieira and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the potential applications, challenges, and opportunities of deep learning from a business perspective with technical examples. These applications include image recognition, segmentation and annotation, video processing and annotation, voice recognition, intelligent personal assistants, automated translation, and autonomous vehicles. An Introduction to Deep Learning Business Applications for Developers covers some common DL algorithms such as content-based recommendation algorithms and natural language processing. You’ll explore examples, such as video prediction with fully convolutional neural networks (FCNN) and residual neural networks (ResNets). You will also see applications of DL for controlling robotics, exploring the DeepQ learning algorithm with Monte Carlo Tree search (used to beat humans in the game of Go), and modeling for financial risk assessment. There will also be mention of the powerful set of algorithms called Generative Adversarial Neural networks (GANs) that can be applied for image colorization, image completion, and style transfer. After reading this book you will have an overview of the exciting field of deep neural networks and an understanding of most of the major applications of deep learning. The book contains some coding examples, tricks, and insights on how to train deep learning models using the Keras framework. What You Will Learn Find out about deep learning and why it is so powerful Work with the major algorithms available to train deep learning models See the major breakthroughs in terms of applications of deep learning Run simple examples with a selection of deep learning libraries Discover the areas of impact of deep learning in business Who This Book Is For Data scientists, entrepreneurs, and business developers.

Download or read book The Artificial Intelligence Chatbot written by Lon Safko and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-05-30 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can you tell the difference between chatting with a human or chatting with a robot? I will bet you can't. Artificial Intelligence Chatbots have surpassed the Turing Test and are interfacing with us everyday.Did you know more people will chat with a bot nearly 1,000 more often than to use your Contact form? Did you know how a chatbot can identify your prospects by psychological profiles and give them what the need to close the sale? Are you aware that chatbots can help you find errors in your web site, making your web sit 100 more "sticky", and answer your prospects questions that immediately leads to a sale?Let me show you how an A.I. Chatbot will encourage your customers to tell you how to sell to them, and increase your revenue up to 30%!Along with my background in A.I., I recently studied more than 2,000 A.I. Chatbot conversations with 22,000 interactions and discovered dozens of completely "unexpected positive consequences of having an A.I. chatbot assisting your customers on your web site.Read how easy it is to install and customize your very own A.I. Chatbot and see the positive effects for yourself!

Download or read book The Art of Scalability written by Martin L. Abbott and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 1145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Comprehensive, Proven Approach to IT Scalability–Updated with New Strategies, Technologies, and Case Studies In The Art of Scalability, Second Edition, leading scalability consultants Martin L. Abbott and Michael T. Fisher cover everything you need to know to smoothly scale products and services for any requirement. This extensively revised edition reflects new technologies, strategies, and lessons, as well as new case studies from the authors’ pioneering consulting practice, AKF Partners. Writing for technical and nontechnical decision-makers, Abbott and Fisher cover everything that impacts scalability, including architecture, process, people, organization, and technology. Their insights and recommendations reflect more than thirty years of experience at companies ranging from eBay to Visa, and Salesforce.com to Apple. You’ll find updated strategies for structuring organizations to maximize agility and scalability, as well as new insights into the cloud (IaaS/PaaS) transition, NoSQL, DevOps, business metrics, and more. Using this guide’s tools and advice, you can systematically clear away obstacles to scalability–and achieve unprecedented IT and business performance. Coverage includes • Why scalability problems start with organizations and people, not technology, and what to do about it • Actionable lessons from real successes and failures • Staffing, structuring, and leading the agile, scalable organization • Scaling processes for hyper-growth environments • Architecting scalability: proprietary models for clarifying needs and making choices–including 15 key success principles • Emerging technologies and challenges: data cost, datacenter planning, cloud evolution, and customer-aligned monitoring • Measuring availability, capacity, load, and performance