Download or read book Brain Networks and Developmental Heterogeneity of Depression Symptoms in Adolescence written by Rajpreet Chahal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a period of high risk for the onset of depression, a heterogeneous clinical syndrome. Individual variation in symptoms, course, and severity has been shown to associate with underlying neurobiology and response to treatment. Adolescents with depression show altered functional and structural architecture of large-scale ‘networks’ (i.e., collections of brain regions that share patterns of activation and/or neuroanatomical pathways), however it is not clear how variation in the course of depression relates to neural network signatures. Examining the heterogeneity of depression course and network organization will facilitate progress in developing more effective approaches to assessment, prevention, and intervention for depression, and in identifying biomarkers of this disorder. This emerging person-centered approach to the identification, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology is referred to as ‘Precision Mental Health’. This dissertation seeks to advance understanding of the relation between brain networks and depression course heterogeneity by 1) examining individual differences in the progression of depressive symptoms across ten years of adolescence as they relate to later structural connectivity, and 2) examining variation in functional connectivity as it relates to internalizing problems throughout adolescence. In Paper 1, elevated depressive severity at the start of adolescence and increasing severity from age 10 to 19 was associated with greater structural connectivity within socio-affective processing regions at age 19. In Paper 2, biotypes, characterized by similarities in functional connectivity, were associated with internalizing problems throughout adolescence. Specifically, a Hyper-connected Ventromedial biotype, exhibiting greater functional connectivity between cognitive- and self-referential processing regions, showed higher internalizing problems throughout adolescence (i.e., prior to, concurrent with, and two years after neuroimaging was collected). These findings are the first to demonstrate that the course of depressive symptoms in adolescence are associated with distinctions in later structural connections, and that variations in functional connectivity patterns are predictive of future internalizing difficulties. This research furthers understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression symptoms in adolescence and identifies brain-behavior profiles that may be targeted for person-centered intervention in the Precision Mental Health of adolescents.
Download or read book Handbook of Infant Toddler and Preschool Mental Health Assessment written by Rebecca DelCarmen-Wiggins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-03-25 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Infant, Toddler, and Preschool Mental Health Assessment brings together, for the first time, leading clinical researchers to provide empirically based recommendations for assessment of social-emotional and behavior problems and disorders in the earliest years. Each author presents state-of-the-art information on scientifically valid, developmentally based clinical assessments and makes recommendations based on the integration of developmental theory, empirical findings, and clinical experience. Though the field of mental health assessment in infants and young children lags behind work with older children and adults, recent scientific advances, including new measures and diagnostic approaches, have led to dramatic growth in the field. The editors of this exciting new work have assembled an extraordinary collection of chapters that thoroughly discuss the conceptualizations of dysfunction in infants and young children, current and new diagnostic criteria, and such specific disorders as sensory modulation dysfunction, sleep disorders, eating and feeding disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and ADHD. Chapters further highlight the importance of incorporating contextual factors such as parent-child relationship functioning and cultural background into the assessment process to increase the validity of findings. Given the comprehensiveness of this groundbreaking volume in reviewing conceptual, methodological, and research advances on early identification, diagnosis, and clinical assessment of disorders in this young age group, it will be an ideal resource for teachers, researchers, and a wide variety clinicians including child psychologists, child psychiatrists, early intervention providers, early special educators, social workers, family physicians, and pediatricians.
Download or read book Depression in Parents Parenting and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.
Download or read book Atlas of Human Brain Connections written by Marco Catani and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major challenges of modern neuroscience is to define the complex pattern of neural connections that underlie cognition and behaviour. This atlas capitalises on novel diffusion MRI tractography methods to provide a comprehensive overview of connections derived from virtual in vivo tractography dissections of the human brain.
Download or read book Molecular Neuropathology written by Gareth W. Roberts and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-06-08 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an introduction to the essential techniques required for studying the molecular biology of brain disease. The approaches and strategies for investigations of gene structure and regulation are described with reference to the molecular genetics of prion and Alzheimer's disease. The effects of aberrant gene regulation can also be examined at the protein level by immunocytochemistry and autoradiography. Improved understanding of basic biology has resulted in new approaches to animal models using transgenic techniques and new therapeutic approaches. The volume is structured to illustrate all these approaches and demonstrate the practice and promise of molecular neuropathology.
Download or read book Modulation of Cortical limbic Pathways in Major Depression microform Treatment specific Effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy written by Kimberly Goldapple and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective. Neuroimaging studies of depression demonstrate response-specific changes following various antidepressant treatments. Changes associated with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) have not been reported. Results. CBT was associated with metabolic changes: increases in hippocampus and dorsal cingulate, decreases in dorsal, ventral and medial frontal cortex. This pattern is distinct from that seen with paroxetine response where prefrontal increases and hippocampal and subgenual cingulate decreases were seen. Method. Brain changes associated with CBT were examined using positron emission tomography. Seventeen depressed patients were scanned before and after 15--20 therapy sessions. A post hoc comparison to thirteen paroxetine treated responders was performed to interpret the specificity of CBT effects. Conclusions. CBT may affect recovery by modulating the functioning of specific sites in limbic and cortical regions. Unique directional changes in frontal cortex, cingulate and hippocampus with CBT relative to paroxetine may reflect modality-specific effects with implications for understanding mechanisms underlying different treatments.
Download or read book Comprehensive Men s Mental Health written by David Castle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete and accessible textbook covering current understandings about how mental health issues affect men, and the available treatments.
Download or read book Neuroscience of Social Stress written by Klaus A. Miczek and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-06 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social stress has emerged as a research front in the neurosciences, and this volume highlights recent insights in brain mechanisms and methodological advances. The topics range from the evolutionary origins of coping with social challenges to neural mechanism-driven focus on novel treatment targets. The parallel presentation of work with animal models and human subjects is bound to be useful to a broad research community.
Download or read book The Depressed Child and Adolescent written by Ian M. Goodyer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-11 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new, thoroughly revised and updated edition, an international, interdisciplinary team of mental health experts draw together the latest findings in the psychopathology of depression in young people. Combining theory and practice, the psychological, neurochemical, and genetic causes are discussed and an account of the clinical characteristics and frequency of the condition is given. The key questions are fully addressed: the importance of life events and difficulties in the onset and continuation of depression; the efficacy of current psychological therapies and the role of medication; how depressed young people progress into adult life, and how depression arises and the effects it may exert on brain and behavior during this crucial developmental period. This book will appeal to child psychiatrists and psychologists, developmental psychologists, neuroscientists, and mental health professionals in clinical services.
Download or read book Stress Coping and Depression written by Sheri L. Johnson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999-12 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing stimulating models of etiology & treatment in depression,this new edited volume offers a rich understanding of environmental& intrapsychic risk factors that contribute to the onset & maintanence of depression & are important in its treatment.
Download or read book Fostering Healthy Mental Emotional and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-18 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthy mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) development is a critical foundation for a productive adulthood. Much is known about strategies to support families and communities in strengthening the MEB development of children and youth, by promoting healthy development and also by preventing and mitigating disorder, so that young people reach adulthood ready to thrive and contribute to society. Over the last decade, a growing body of research has significantly strengthened understanding of healthy MEB development and the factors that influence it, as well as how it can be fostered. Yet, the United States has not taken full advantage of this growing knowledge base. Ten years later, the nation still is not effectively mitigating risks for poor MEB health outcomes; these risks remain prevalent, and available data show no significant reductions in their prevalence. Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth: A National Agenda examines the gap between current research and achievable national goals for the next ten years. This report identifies the complexities of childhood influences and highlights the need for a tailored approach when implementing new policies and practices. This report provides a framework for a cohesive, multidisciplinary national approach to improving MEB health.
Download or read book The heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric disorders written by Lu Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-10 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Intervention in Mood Disorders written by Steven Marwaha and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-28 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurobiology of Depression written by Joao Quevedo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is one of the most common mental-health disorders, caused by a variety of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors combined. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is typically treated with first-line antidepressant agents that primarily target monoamine neurotransmission; however, only approximately one third of patients with MDD achieve remission following a trial with such an antidepressant. Furthermore, MDD is a heterogeneous phenotype, and new frameworks such as the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) may provide a more accurate, biologically based comprehension of the symptomatic heterogeneity of this devastating illness, and certain symptomatic clusters may be promising targets for novel therapeutics, such as drug and psychological treatments for the management of the cognitive impairments that can encompass several domains and contribute to psychosocial function, and that can persist for many patients even in periods of symptomatic remission. Neurobiology of Depression synthesizes the basic neurobiology of major depressive disorder with discussion of the most recent advances in research, including the interacting pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD, omics technologies, genetic approaches, and the development of novel optogenetic approaches that are changing researchers' perspectives and may revolutionize research into depression. The basic foundational understanding of the neurobiology underlying the disorder, as well as the comprehensive summary of the most recent advances in research, combine to aid advanced students and researchers in their understanding of MDD and change the landscape of the management of depression with the development of novel and fast-acting pharmaceutical and neuromodulatory approaches. Aids readers in understanding major depressive disorder in the context of NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) recommendations Covers range of existing and potential pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment options, from lifestyle adjustments to antidepressants to novel therapeutics Synthesizes discussion of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying symptoms with clinical aspects of depression for a thorough understanding of the disorder
Download or read book Mood Disorders written by Sudhakar Selvaraj and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder are common mental illnesses, affecting millions of patients worldwide. The application of newly available brain imaging methods to the study of mood disorders holds substantial promise in uncovering the brain mechanisms affected in these illnesses. This comprehensive and authoritative text features contributions from leading international experts, providing easily accessible information on the study of the brain mechanisms involved in the causation of mood disorders and the available treatments. Topics covered include the potential of magnetoencephalography (MEG), neuroimaging brain inflammation in depression, electrophysiology studies in mood disorders, and the applications of machine learning, filling an important gap in available neuropsychiatric literature and highlighting new developments. An invaluable resource for practitioners in the fields of psychiatry, neurology, primary care medicine, and related mental health professions, as well as researchers, students, graduate and post-graduate trainees.
Download or read book Statistical Analysis of Network Data with R written by Eric D. Kolaczyk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Networks have permeated everyday life through everyday realities like the Internet, social networks, and viral marketing. As such, network analysis is an important growth area in the quantitative sciences, with roots in social network analysis going back to the 1930s and graph theory going back centuries. Measurement and analysis are integral components of network research. As a result, statistical methods play a critical role in network analysis. This book is the first of its kind in network research. It can be used as a stand-alone resource in which multiple R packages are used to illustrate how to conduct a wide range of network analyses, from basic manipulation and visualization, to summary and characterization, to modeling of network data. The central package is igraph, which provides extensive capabilities for studying network graphs in R. This text builds on Eric D. Kolaczyk’s book Statistical Analysis of Network Data (Springer, 2009).
Download or read book Understanding Depression written by Yong-Ku Kim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, in two volumes, focuses on contemporary issues and dilemmas in relation to depression. The aim is to equip readers with an up-to-date understanding of the clinical and neurobiological underpinnings of depression and their relation to clinical manifestations and the development of more effective treatments. This first volume is devoted specifically to biomedical and neurobiological issues. Detailed information is presented on a wide range of topics, including genetics, molecular and cellular biology, and aspects at the neural circuit and multicellular system levels. Readers will gain a deeper appreciation of the factors and interactions underlying individual variation in responsiveness to stress and vulnerability to depression, as well as a clear understanding of potential treatment targets and causes of treatment resistance based on the latest research. A concluding section considers progress towards precision psychiatry and gender and cultural differences in depression. The companion volume is dedicated to clinical and management issues in depression. Understanding Depression will be an excellent source of information for both researchers and practitioners in the field.
