Download or read book Brain Lipids in Synaptic Function and Neurological Disease written by Jacques Fantini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipids are the most abundant organic compounds found in the brain, accounting for up to 50% of its dry weight. The brain lipidome includes several thousands of distinct biochemical structures whose expression may greatly vary according to age, gender, brain region, cell type, as well as subcellular localization. In synaptic membranes, brain lipids specifically interact with neurotransmitter receptors and control their activity. Moreover, brain lipids play a key role in the generation and neurotoxicity of amyloidogenic proteins involved in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The aim of this book is to provide for the first time a comprehensive overview of brain lipid structures, and to explain the roles of these lipids in synaptic function, and in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's and Parkinson's. To conclude the book, the authors present new ideas that can drive innovative therapeutic strategies based on the knowledge of the role of lipids in brain disorders. - Written to provide a "hands-on" approach for readers - Biochemical structures explained with molecular models, and molecular mechanisms explained with simple drawings - Step-by-step guide to memorize and draw lipid structures - Each chapter features a content summary, up-to-date references for additional study, and a key experiment with an explanation of the technique
Download or read book Metabolism and Functions of Bioactive Ether Lipids in the Brain written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-13 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information on bioactive ether lipids and their involvement in neurological disorders is currently scattered throughout the literature. This book provides readers with a comprehensive description of metabolism of bioactive ether lipids in the brain, activities of enzymes involved in their metabolism, and their involvement in neurological disorders. It is the first book to describe the involvement of these lipids with abnormal signal transduction processes in neurological disorders.
Download or read book Lipids in the Brain written by Elisabetta Albi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Handbook of Neurochemistry written by Abel Lajtha and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has clearly established a link between omega fatty acids and general health, particularly cardiovascular health. Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health, Second Edition, illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity, cognitive impairment and structure and function of the brain's neurons and also the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function. This book encompasses some of the most recent research on the links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on hippocampal neurogenesis, substantia nigra modulation, migraine headaches, the developing brain in animals, sleep and neurodegenerative diseases. This completely updated second edition focuses on the counterbalancing dietary and tissue omega-6 fatty acids as well as it studies the effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases. Provides a comprehensive introduction to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in neurological health and directions for future research Features novel focus on the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function and the counterbalancing of dietary and tissue omega-6 Illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity and cognitive impairment Features new chapters on early effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases Discusses links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements
Download or read book Brain Lipids and Cholesterol in Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Erika Freemantle and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Neuropsychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviour represent major contributions to mortality in Canada. Among the many factors associated with psychiatric disorders and suicide, alterations in lipids and cholesterol have been demonstrated both peripherally and centrally, supporting their roles as mediating variables in the underlying neuropathology. Cholesterol (CHL) regulation is a complex and dynamic system, and while animal studies also support a mediating role of CHL on brain function, efforts to determine a biological association in humans have achieved only modest gains. While mechanisms governing cholesterol regulation are not entirely understood, cholesterol is well accepted to have important impacts on a variety of brain functions from neurotransmission to synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration, with unique contributions from neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Given the extensive regulatory feedback mechanisms and the implications in neurological function, determining a biological basis for the association of cholesterol with neuropsychiatric disorders remains an important area of research. This research aimed to explore the neurobiological mechanism whereby alterations in CHL may relate to neuropsychiatric phenotypes. The results presented in chapter 3 suggest, while no clear differences were found in suicide completers with major depressive disorder, expression of several CHL related genes associate more strongly with white matter CHL levels compared to grey matter, suggesting a potential contribution of SORT1, LPL, and ABCA2, in the regulation of white matter CHL. The results of chapter 4 suggest altered phospholipid levels and expression of lysosomal acid lipase A gene in violent suicides in the prefrontal cortex, which would have important consequences for inhibitory neurotransmission. The results of chapter 4 suggest an increase in 24-hydroxycholesterol in the prefrontal cortex of suicide completers and this could have implications for synapse maintenance and loss in the neuropathology of suicide. In regards to CHL levels, however, little evidence in support of alterations in CNS CHL in neuropsychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviour was noted." --
Download or read book Lipid Mediators and Their Metabolism in the Brain written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipid Mediators and Their Metabolism in the Brain presents readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information not only on the synthesis and degradation of glycerophospholipid-, sphingolipid-, and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators, but also their involvement in neurological disorders. It is hoped that this monograph will be useful not only to postgraduate student and their teachers, but also to research scientists and physicians, who are curious about the generation and roles of lipid mediators in the brain.
Download or read book The Sticky Synapse written by Michael Hortsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-07 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular mechanisms, which are responsible for the functional differences between the various types of neuronal synapses, have become one of the central themes of modern neurobiology. It is becoming increasingly clear that a misregulation of synaptogenesis and synaptic remodeling and dysfunctional neuronal synapses are at the heart of several human diseases, both neurological disorders and psychiatric conditions. As synapses present specialized cellular junctions between neurons and their target cells, it may not come as a surprise that neural cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are of special importance for the genesis and the maintenance of synaptic connections. Genes encoding adhesive molecules make up a significant portion of the human genome, and neural CAMs even have been postulated to be a major factor in the evolution of the human brain. These are just some of the many reasons why we thought a book on neural CAMs and their role in establishing and maintaining neuronal synapses would be highly appropriate for summarizing our current state of knowledge. Without question, over the near future, additional adhesive proteins will join the ranks of synaptic CAMs and our knowledge, and how these molecules enable neurons and their targets to communicate effectively will grow.
Download or read book Neuroinflammation Resolution and Neuroprotection in the Brain written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroinflammation, Resolution, and Neuroprotection in the Brain discusses the molecular aspects of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders. The book examines the effect of diet and exercise on neuroinflammatory diseases. Chapters focus on bioactive lipids, cytokines and chemokines, as well as the involvement of neuroinflammation, resolution and neuroprotection in neurotraumatic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases. The comprehensive information in this monograph will help readers understand molecular cross-talk among mediators of phospholipid, sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. The book's goal is to jumpstart more studies on molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic aspects of neurological disorders in human subjects. Discusses the molecular aspects of neuroinflammation, resolution and neuroprotection Examines the role of diet and exercise on neuroinflammatory diseases Provides cutting-edge research on signal transduction processes Explores the treatment of neurological disorders caused by neuroinflammation
Download or read book Glycerophospholipids in the Brain written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive description of phospholipid metabolism in brain, activities of phospholipases A2, and their involvement in neurological disorders. The purpose of this book is to present readers with cutting edge information in a lively manner that is useful not only to student and teachers but also to researchers and physicians.
Download or read book Mapping the Brain and Its Functions written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant advances in brain research have been made, but investigators who face the resulting explosion of data need new methods to integrate the pieces of the "brain puzzle." Based on the expertise of more than 100 neuroscientists and computer specialists, this new volume examines how computer technology can meet that need. Featuring outstanding color photography, the book presents an overview of the complexity of brain research, which covers the spectrum from human behavior to genetic mechanisms. Advances in vision, substance abuse, pain, and schizophrenia are highlighted. The committee explores the potential benefits of computer graphics, database systems, and communications networks in neuroscience and reviews the available technology. Recommendations center on a proposed Brain Mapping Initiative, with an agenda for implementation and a look at issues such as privacy and accessibility.
Download or read book Glutathione In The Nervous System written by Christopher Ari Shaw and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this text is to focus readers attention on three major areas; the origin and localization of GSH in the nervous system; the multiple effects of GSH on neural health activity; and the potential for alterations on GSH status to lead to neurological damage of the type observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders. The text also touches upon the additional roles of the antoxidant GSH, including possible neurotransmitter action, redox modulation of ionotropic receptor function, and neuroprotection against exicitoxic actions of glutamate.
Download or read book Pharmacological Modification of Excitatory Hippocampal Ca1 Synapses in Pathological Models of Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer s Disease written by Keng-Yu Chang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An integral component of synaptic transmission is the capacity of synapses to adjust their structural and functional properties in response to the activities of other neurons in a process called synaptic plasticity. Changes in excitatory synapses can occur on dendritic spines, postsynaptic sites of the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain. In many neurodegenerative diseases, dendritic spine dysgenesis is observed; thus knowing what causes spine abnormalities will aid the development of therapies against these diseases. Recent studies suggest that neuroinflammation contributes to many neurological disorders such as, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, targeting neuroinflammation may be a viable way against different neurodegenerative diseases in addition to the use of cognitive enhancers. The goal of my thesis is to understand how spines are affected in neurodegenerative diseases and develop effective methods to prevent and promote the recovery in diseased brains. To address this problem, I have used a multidisciplinary approach to examine structural and functional changes of the CA3-CA1 excitatory synapses in the hippocampus during neuroinflammation and the addition of cognitive enhancing compound. The specific aims of my doctoral thesis work are as follows:AIM 1: To understand effect of lipid homeostasis on synaptic structure and function in a neuroinflammation model. Since neuroinflammation is an important contributor of various neurological diseases, I focused on how the neuronal circuitry will be affected during incidences of neuroinflammation and how can this be corrected. I found that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated model of neuroinflammation, there is an abnormal lipid aggregation in the form of lipid bodies (LBs), disruption in mitochondrial function, changes in spine morphology and synaptic transmission. The addition of the polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexanoic acid (DHA) prevents LPS-associated deficits. My findings suggest that DHA supplementation may provide an attractive multiple-pronged approach in counteracting cellular damage caused by neuroinflammation. AIM 2: To understand effect of pharmacological inhibition of aromatase on synaptic structure and function in during oligomeric beta-amyloid42 (Abeta42)-mediated toxicity. Epidemiological studies revealed that pharmacological inhibition of estrogen synthesis through the use of aromatase inhibitors, such as letrozole, for the post-operative treatment of hormonally-responsive breast cancer also increases the incidences of cognitive decline in patients with unknown reasons. Interestingly, I found that inhibition of hippocampal local estrogen synthesis with letrozole disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and decreases dendritic spines and synaptic proteins. These deficits are exacerbated in the presence of oligomeric Abeta42-mediated toxicity. My findings may explain why letrozole users have higher chances of cognitive impairments and that off-target effects of aromatase inhibition in the brain must be carefully considered. AIM 3: To study the effect of long-term pharmacological cognitive enhancement using ampakines on synaptic structure and function. In line with current believes, direct enhancement of synaptic transmission can be used as a therapeutic method to target ailing neuronal communication observed in neurodegenerative diseases. I found that chronically enhancing AMPA receptors using the ampakine, CX546, surprisingly causes a decrease in dendritic spine densities and excitatory synaptic transmission that is accompanied by a concurrent enhancement of synaptic efficacy and plasticity. My findings provide a mechanistic explanation, at the synaptic structural and functional level, for the cognitive enhancing ability of chronic ampakine treatment.Findings presented in my doctoral thesis contribute to our understanding how the brain responds to neuroinflammation pathologies and cognitive enhancing compounds." --
Download or read book Hot Topics in Neural Membrane Lipidology written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid-derived lipid mediators facilitate the transfer of messages not only from one cell to another but also from one subcellular organelle to another. These molecules are not only components of neural membranes but also storage depots for lipid mediators. Information on the generation and involvement of lipid mediators in neurological disorders is scattered throughout the literature in the form of original papers and reviews. This book will provide readers with a comprehensive description of glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid and cholesterol-derived lipid mediators and their involvement in neurological disorders.
Download or read book Environmental Neurotoxicology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists agree that exposure to toxic agents in the environment can cause neurological and psychiatric illnesses ranging from headaches and depression to syndromes resembling parkinsonism. It can even result in death at high exposure levels. The emergence of subclinical neurotoxicity-the concept that long-term impairments can escape clinical detection-makes the need for risk assessment even more critical. This volume paves the way toward definitive solutions, presenting the current consensus on risk assessment and environmental toxicants and offering specific recommendations. The book covers: The biologic basis of neurotoxicity. Progress in the application of biologic markers. Reviews of a wide range of in vitro and in vivo testing techniques. The use of surveillance and epidemiology to identify neurotoxic hazards that escape premarket screening. Research needs. This volume will be an important resource for policymakers, health specialists, researchers, and students.
Download or read book Lipids in Health and Disease written by Peter Quinn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipids are functionally versatile molecules. They have evolved from relatively simple hydrocarbons that serve as depot storages of metabolites and barriers to the permeation of solutes into complex compounds that perform a variety of signalling functions in higher organisms. This volume is devoted to the polar lipids and their constituents. We have omitted the neutral lipids like fats and oils because their function is generally to act as deposits of metabolizable substrates. The sterols are also outside the scope of the present volume and the reader is referred to volume 28 of this series which is the subject of cholesterol. The polar lipids are comprised of fatty acids attached to either glycerol or sphingosine. The fatty acids themselves constitute an important reservoir of substrates for conversion into families of signalling and modulating molecules including the eicosanoids amongst which are the prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leucotrienes. The way fatty acid metabolism is regulated in the liver and how fatty acids are desaturated are subjects considered in the first part of this volume. This section also deals with the modulation of protein function and inflammation by unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives. New insights into the role of fatty acid synthesis and eicosenoid function in tumour progression and metastasis are presented.
Download or read book Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders written by Tahira Farooqui and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytochemicals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds found in edible fruits, plants, vegetables, and herbs. Unlike vitamins and minerals, phytochemicals are not needed for the maintenance of cell viability, but they play a vital role in protecting neural cells from inflammation and oxidative stress associated with normal aging and acute and chronic age-related brain diseases. Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders explores the advances in our understanding of the potential neuroprotective benefits that these naturally occurring chemicals contain. Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders explores the role that a number of plant-based chemical compounds play in a wide variety of neurological disorders. Chapters explore the impact of phytochemicals on neurotraumatic disorders, such as stroke and spinal cord injury, alongside neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. The chapters and sections of this book provide the reader with a big picture view of this field of research. Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders aims to present readers with a comprehensive and cutting edge look at the effects of phytochemicals on the brain and neurological disorders in a manner useful to researchers, neuroscientists, clinical nutritionists, and physicians.
