Download or read book Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Malignant Brain Tumors at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a bimodal form of radiation therapy for cancer. The first component of this treatment is the preferential localization of the stable isotope 1°B in tumor cells by targeting with boronated compounds. The tumor and surrounding tissue is then irradiated with a neutron beam resulting in thermal neutron/1°B reactions (1°B(n, [alpha])7Li) resulting in the production of localized high LET radiation from alpha and 7Li particles. These products of the neutron capture reaction are very damaging to cells, but of short range so that the majority of the ionizing energy released is microscopically confined to the vicinity of the boron-containing compound. In principal it should be possible with BNCT to selectively destroy small nests or even single cancer cells located within normal tissue. It follows that the major improvements in this form of radiation therapy are going to come largely from the development of boron compounds with greater tumor selectivity, although there will certainly be advances made in neutron beam quality as well as the possible development of alternative sources of neutron beams, particularly accelerator-based epithermal neutron beams.
Download or read book Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OPTIMIZATION OF THE EPITHERMAL NEUTRON BEAM FOR BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY AT THE BROOKHAVEN MEDICAL RESEARCH REACTOR written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical trials of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for patients with malignant brain tumor had been carried out for half a decade, using an epithermal neutron beam at the Brookhaven's Medical Reactor. The decision to permanently close this reactor in 2000 cut short the efforts to implement a new conceptual design to optimize this beam in preparation for use with possible new protocols. Details of the conceptual design to produce a higher intensity, more forward-directed neutron beam with less contamination from gamma rays, fast and thermal neutrons are presented here for their potential applicability to other reactor facilities. Monte Carlo calculations were used to predict the flux and absorbed dose produced by the proposed design. The results were benchmarked by the dose rate and flux measurements taken at the facility then in use.
Download or read book Advances in Neutron Capture Therapy written by R.F. Barth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binary systems for the treatment of cancer potentially are among the most attractive of the new therapeutic modalities that currently are under investigation. The basicconcept is to selectivelydestroy malignantcells whileconcomitantlysparing normal tissue. Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is the binary system that has been the subject of the Fifth International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy, which was held September13-17, 1992, in Columbus, Ohio, undertheauspicesoftheInternational Society for Neutron Capture Therapy. Its objective was to bring together researchers from throughout the world and to provide a forum at which they could present the latest advances in the development of Neutron capture therapy. Neutron capture therapy has largely, but not exclusively, focused on the use of boron-10 as the target nuclide. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when the stable isotope, boron-10, absorbs low-energy non ionizing thermal neutrons to yield alphaparticles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. The size and energy of these high linear energy transfer (LET) particles result in their being confined largely to the cells in which the capture reaction occurs. For BNCT to be successful, a sufficient numberof I~atoms mustbe localized within neoplastic cells, and enough thermal neutrons must be delivered and absorbed by the I~ to produce a lethal 1~(n,QVLi reaction. Two major problems must be surmounted.
Download or read book Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy written by M. Frederick Hawthorne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy contains current research results originally presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer in La Jolla, CA. This comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed manuscripts is showcased in two volumes covering all aspects of the development of this multidisciplinary approach to cancer therapy. Volume I of this work includes clinical results and current progress in treatment planning, neutron sources and dosimetry, while Volume II presents the synthesis, pharmacology and tissue-targeting design of boron compounds, including work on preclinical dosimetry and radiobiology. Intended for researchers and clinicians involved with or interested in new modes of cancer therapy, this volume will also serve as a useful guideline for scientists, students, and practitioners in the field.
Download or read book Clinical Aspects of Neutron Capture Therapy written by R. Fairchild and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Locher first suggested Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in 1936, this theoretically ideal system has intrigued investigators. Unfortunately, the first clinical trials between 1951-1961 were not successful. However, they served to implant firmly the seed of BNCT, the growth of which has been carefully nurtured at a number of locations world-wide. This fact is attested to by the ongoing clinical trials in Japan as well as by the presence of researchers from active groups in the ten countries represented at this Workshop. In 1983 and 1985, the first and second international biannual symposia on BNCT were held, in response to a resurgence of interest in this field. In 1986, the DOE sponsored a workshop on NCT, in large part directed toward evaluating the national effort and the various neutron sources available within the United States. It now seems likely, because of various factors including improved neutron beams and boron delivery systems which have made the modality more attractive, that clinical trials will be initiated in the United States within the next few years. This 1988 special workshop, interspersed between the biannual international symposia, represents an effort to seek ideas and advice on the clinical a~pects of BNCT, from all those diverse groups with a national commitment to this project. Our purpose is to facilitate our endeavor to incorporate the best procedures and techniques in the upcoming clinical trials.
Download or read book Technical Aspects of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at the BNL Medical Research Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor, BMRR, is a 3 MW heterogeneous, tank-type, light water cooled and moderated, graphite reflected reactor, which was designed for biomedical studies. Early BNL work in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) used a beam of thermal neutrons for experimental treatment of brain tumors. Research elsewhere and at BNL indicated that higher energy neutrons would be required to treat deep seated brain tumors. Epithermal neutrons would be thermalized as they penetrated the brain and peak thermal neutron flux densities would occur at the depth of brain tumors. One of the two BMRR thermal port shutters was modified in 1988 to include plates of aluminum and aluminum oxide to provide an epithermal port. Lithium carbonate in polyethylene was added in 1991 around the bismuth port to reduce the neutron flux density coming from outside the port. To enhance the epithermal neutron flux density, the two vertical thimbles A-3 (core edge) and E-3 (in core) were replaced with fuel elements. There are now four fuel elements of 190 grams each and 28 fuel elements of 140 grams each for a total of 4.68 kg of 235U in the core. The authors have proposed replacing the epithermal shutter with a fission converter plate shutter. It is estimated that the new shutter would increase the epithermal neutron flux density by a factor of seven and the epithermal/fast neutron ratio by a factor of two. The modifications made to the BMRR in the past few years permit BNCT for brain tumors without the need to reflect scalp and bone flaps. Radiation workers are monitored via a TLD badge and a self-reading dosimeter during each experiment. An early concern was raised about whether workers would be subject to a significant dose rate from working with patients who have been irradiated. The gamma ray doses for the representative key personnel involved in the care of the first 12 patients receiving BNCT are listed. These workers did not receive unusually high exposures.
Download or read book Progress in Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer written by B. J. Allen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on title] held December 1990, in Sydney, Australia. Participants share information that may hasten the day when patients with currently untreatable cancers can reasonably hope for substantial remissions. Topics include: binary therapies, thermal NCT
Download or read book Cancer Neutron Capture Therapy written by Y. Mishima and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many human cancers which actively synthesize specific characteristic proteins such as melanomas, thyroid cancer and squamous cell carcinoma. Many cancer researchers have of course tried to utilize this specific activity as a key for the selective treatment of cancers. In the past for example, the molecular hybrid compound of DOPA, a substrate of melanin, and nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride, a ctyotoxic anti-tumor drug, was synthesized as Melphalan and used to treat malignant melanoma. A major problem arose though in that it was soon found to be highly suppressive toward bone marrow and quite toxic while not being remarkably effective. Thus, malignant melanoma could not be cured by it. Such failure led us to develop a novel bimodal therapeutic system which includes the use of non-toxic potentially cytocidal chemicals which selectively accumulate within the cancer cells and which are converted by a controllable modality into an actively cytocidal element in situ. We can now non-surgically cure malignant melanoma and glioblastoma with our selective cancer treatment, neutron capture therapy (NCT); as can be found in this volume. Included are 124 papers on the latest breaking developments discussed at the Sixth International Symposium on NCT for Cancer held in Kobe during the late autumn of 1994.
Download or read book Neutron Beam Design Development and Performance for Neutron Capture Therapy written by Otto K. Harling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this Workshop, the organizers have attempted to invite experts from all known centers which are engaged in neutron beam development for neutron capture therapy. The Workshop was designed around a series of nineteen invited papers which dealt with neutron source design and development and beam characterization and performance. Emphasis was placed on epithermal beams because they offer clinical advantages and are more challenging to implement than thermal beams. Fission reactor sources were the basis for the majority of the papers; however three papers dealt with accelerator neutron sources. An additional three invited papers provided a summary of clinical results of Ncr therapy in Japan between 1968 and 1989 and overviews of clinical considerations for neutron capture therapy and of the status of tumor targeting chemical agents for Ncr. Five contributed poster papers dealing with NCT beam design and performance were also presented. A rapporteurs' paper was prepared after the Workshop to attempt to summarize the major aspects, issues, and conclusions which resulted from this Workshop. Many people contributed to both the smooth functioning of the Workshop and to the preparation of these proceedings. Special thanks are reserved for Ms. Dorothy K.
Download or read book Boron Compounds Suitable for Neutron Capture Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Boron and Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer Treatment written by Narayan S. Hosmane and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on two concurrent experimental therapies in cancer treatment known as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) using a variety of boron- and gadolinium-based compounds. Some of the gadolinium compounds serve the dual purpose as being MRI contrast agents and GdNCT agents. The book describes why BNCT & GdNCT were not at the forefront of the clinical trials during the past seven to eight decades since the discovery of neutrons by John Chadwick in 1932 and how the latest development in the synthesis of target boron- and gadolinium-based drugs have turned the area to be the hottest one and worthy of further investigation with the new clinical trials in the USA and elsewhere.
Download or read book Spectral Tailoring for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by Victor Alexander Nievaart and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first clinical trials on Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in the 1950s, BNCT research has been mainly focussed on the treatment of (deep-seated) brain tumours, in particular, glioblastoma multiforme. Promising work to treat other cancers at other locations and even other diseases are in progress. Therefore, the chemists, medical doctors, physicists and biologists involved in BNCT are not only continuing to investigate and improve the (brain) clinical results, but are also investigating the new applications in BNCT. The work presented in this thesis is in the field of physics and deals, from three different viewpoints, with obtaining the optimal source neutron energy to optimise BNCT. The optimal source neutron energy is defined such as to obtain as many as possible (n, a)-absorptions due to 10B in the tumours and as low as possible total neutron dose in the healthy tissues and organs at risk
Download or read book Evaluation of Neutron Beams for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Glioblastoma and Primary Choroidal Melanoma at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor written by Joanna T. Ingraham and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Neutron Capture Therapy written by Börje Larsson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron Dosimetry in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent development of various borated compounds and the utilization of one of these (Na2B12H11SH) to treat brain tumors in clinical studies in Japan has renewed interest in neutron capture therapy. In these procedures thermal neutrons interact with 1°B in boron containing cells through the 1°B(n, .cap alpha.)7Li reaction producing charged particles with a maximum range of approx. 10.mu.m in tissue. Borated analogs of chlorpromazine, porphyrin, thiouracil and deoxyuridine promise improved tumor uptake and blood clearance. The therapy beam from the Medical Research Reactor in Brookhaven contains neutrons from a modified and filtered fission spectrum and dosimetric consequences of the use of the above mentioned compounds in conjunction with thermal and epithermal fluxes are discussed in the paper. One of the important problems of radiation dosimetry in capture therapy is determination of the flux profile and, hence, the dose profile in the brain. This has been achieved by constructing a brain phantom made of TE plastic. The lyoluminescence technique provides a convenient way of monitoring the neutron flux distributions; the detectors for this purpose utilize 6Li and 1°B compounds. Such compounds have been synthesized specially for the purpose of dosimetry of thermal and epithermal beams. In addition, standard lyoluminescent phosphors, like glutamine, could be used to determine the collisional component of the dose as well as the contribution of the 14N(n, p)14C reaction. Measurements of thermal flux were compared with calculations and with measurements done with activation foils.
