Download or read book Boreas Te 18 Geosail Canopy Reflectance Model written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAIL (Scattering from Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves) model was combined with the Jasinski geo metric model to simulate canopy spectral reflectance and absorption of photosynthetically active radiation for discontinuous canopies. This model is called the GeoSail model. Tree shapes are described by cylinders or cones distributed over a plane. Spectral reflectance and transmittance of trees are calculated from the SAIL model to determine the reflectance of the three components used in the geometric model: illuminated canopy, illuminated background, shadowed canopy, and shadowed background. The model code is Fortran. sample input and output data are provided in ASCII text files. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884), or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Activity Archive Center (DAAC). Hall, Forrest G. (Editor) and Huemmrich, K. Fred Goddard Space Flight Center NASA/TM-2000-209891/VOL179, Rept-2000-03136-0/VOL179, NAS 1.15:209891/VOL179
Download or read book BOREAS TE 18 GeoSail Canopy Reflectance Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Newly Available in 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception, the U.S. Global Change Research Program has had the policy of full and open data availability. This policy has already been implemented not only through the participating agencies but through many inter-agency mechanisms such as publications, Internet based services, and in many international settings. This fourth of a series of yearly publications represents another important step in this interagency process of making the data and information related to the Global Change Research Program available. It is particularly needed at this time since the users of this data and information have expanded from being primarily researchers to being a full mix that also includes educators, those making assessments of potential effects of global change, the commercial world, and the public as well as policy makers at all levels. One of this publication's objectives is to provide this diverse user community with a concise summary of what data has been cataloged and made newly available each year. This is being done in both this published form and in the Global Change Data and Information System on the Internet(www.gcdis.usgcrp.gov) with links to each data set, where available. Other objectives, however, are also important. These include giving recognition to the individuals and organizations who have done the important job of making the data available and providing a mechanism where the data sets used in a publication or assessment can be cited similarly to the citations now commonly used in publications to reference other publications.
Download or read book Leaf Optical Properties written by Stéphane Jacquemoud and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents state-of-the-art research into leaf interactions with light, for scientists working in remote sensing, plant physiology, ecology and resource management.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice written by W. Gareth Rees and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances in spaceborne instrumentation, remote sensing, and data analysis have occurred in recent years, but until now there has been no book that reflects these advances while delivering a uniform treatment of the remote sensing of frozen regions. Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice identifies unifying themes and ideas in these fields and presents them in a single volume. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the remote sensing of the Earth’s cryosphere. Explaining why cryospheric observations are important and why remote sensing observations are essential, it offers thorough surveys of the physical properties of ice and snow, and of current and emerging remote sensing techniques. Presenting a technical review of how the properties of snow and ice relate to remote sensing observations, the book focuses on principles by which useful geophysical information becomes encoded into the electromagnetic radiation detected during the remote sensing process. The author then discusses in detail the application of remote sensing methods to snow, freshwater ice, glaciers, and icebergs. The book concludes with a summary that examines what remote sensing has revealed about the cryosphere, where major technical problems still exist, and how these problems can be addressed.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Snow Ice and Glaciers written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earth’s cryosphere, which includes snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost, contains about 75% of the earth’s fresh water. It exists at almost all latitudes, from the tropics to the poles, and plays a vital role in controlling the global climate system. It also provides direct visible evidence of the effect of climate change, and, therefore, requires proper understanding of its complex dynamics. This encyclopedia mainly focuses on the various aspects of snow, ice and glaciers, but also covers other cryospheric branches, and provides up-to-date information and basic concepts on relevant topics. It includes alphabetically arranged and professionally written, comprehensive and authoritative academic articles by well-known international experts in individual fields. The encyclopedia contains a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from the atmospheric processes responsible for snow formation; transformation of snow to ice and changes in their properties; classification of ice and glaciers and their worldwide distribution; glaciation and ice ages; glacier dynamics; glacier surface and subsurface characteristics; geomorphic processes and landscape formation; hydrology and sedimentary systems; permafrost degradation; hazards caused by cryospheric changes; and trends of glacier retreat on the global scale along with the impact of climate change. This book can serve as a source of reference at the undergraduate and graduate level and help to better understand snow, ice and glaciers. It will also be an indispensable tool containing specialized literature for geologists, geographers, climatologists, hydrologists, and water resources engineers; as well as for those who are engaged in the practice of agricultural and civil engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences and engineering, ecosystem management, and other relevant subjects.
Download or read book The New Swiss Glacier Inventory 2000 written by Frank Paul and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Glaciers written by Petri Pellikka and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaciers and ice sheets have been melting significantly during recent decades, posing environmental threats at local, regional and global scales. Changes in glaciers are one of the clearest indicators of alterations in regional climate, since they are governed by changes in accumulation (from snowfall) and ablation (by melting of ice). Glacier chan
Download or read book The Interstellar Probe ISP Pre Perihelion Trajectories and Application of Holography written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Glacier Science and Environmental Change written by Peter G. Knight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glacier Science and Environmental Change is an authoritative and comprehensive reference work on contemporary issues in glaciology. It explores the interface between glacier science and environmental change, in the past, present, and future. Written by the world’s foremost authorities in the subject and researchers at the scientific frontier where conventional wisdom of approach comes face to face with unsolved problems, this book provides: state-of-the-art reviews of the key topics in glaciology and related disciplines in environmental change cutting-edge case studies of the latest research an interdisciplinary synthesis of the issues that draw together the research efforts of glaciologists and scientists from other areas such as geologists, hydrologists, and climatologists color-plate section (with selected extra figures provided in color at www.blackwellpublishing.com/knight). The topics in this book have been carefully chosen to reflect current priorities in research, the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, and the developing relationship between glaciology and studies of environmental change. Glacier Science and Environmental Change is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduate research students, and professional researchers in glaciology, geology, geography, geophysics, climatology, and related disciplines.
Download or read book Antarctica written by Trevor Hatherton and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Remote Sensing written by Saurabh Prasad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical remote sensing relies on exploiting multispectral and hyper spectral imagery possessing high spatial and spectral resolutions respectively. These modalities, although useful for most remote sensing tasks, often present challenges that must be addressed for their effective exploitation. This book presents current state-of-the-art algorithms that address the following key challenges encountered in representation and analysis of such optical remotely sensed data. Challenges in pre-processing images, storing and representing high dimensional data, fusing different sensor modalities, pattern classification and target recognition, visualization of high dimensional imagery.
Download or read book Snow and Glacier Hydrology written by P. Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-02-28 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an updated discussion of snow and glacier hydrology, drawing on the results of recent investigations. It serves as a source of reference at the senior undergraduate or beginning graduate level and stimulates further interest in this important part of the hydrologic cycle.
Download or read book Logistics Management Issues written by United States Accounting Office (GAO) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logistics Management Issues
Download or read book Earth System Responses to Global Change written by Harold A. Mooney and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-08-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an analysis of the responses of North and South American west coasts, which presently have remarkably analogous geographic patterns but are predicted to become asymmetrical in the coming decades due to climate and land use change.
Download or read book BOREAS TE 9 in Situ Understory Spectral Reflectance Within the NSA written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA and published by . This book was released on 2018-09-13 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmospheric Study (BOREAS) TE-9 (Terrestrial Ecology) team collected several data sets related to chemical and photosynthetic properties of leaves in boreal forest tree species. Spectral reflection coefficients of the forest understory at the ground level, in three boreal forest sites of Northern Manitoba (56 N latitude and 98 W longitude), were obtained and analyzed in 1994. In particular, angular variation of the reflection coefficients in the old jack pine and young jack pine forests, as well as nadir reflection coefficient in the young aspen forest, were investigated. The complexity of understory composition and the light patterns limited quantitative conclusions; however, a number of interesting trends in the behavior of the measured values can be inferred. In particular, the unique spectral profiles of lichens show very strongly in the old jack pine understory, yet are definitely less conspicuous for young jack pine, and virtually absent in the aspen forest. The angular variation of the reflection coefficient by the young pine understory seems to be significantly toned down by fine-structured branches and their shadows. Our study also indicates how difficult the ground reflection coefficient problem in a forest is, compared to certain previously investigated areas that have a more uniform appearance, such as prairie grassland, bare soil, or agricultural crops. This is due to several factors, generally typical of a forest environment, that may influence the overall understory reflection coefficient, including: (1) a strong diversity of the forest floor due to the presence of dead tree trunks, holes in the ground, patches of different types of vegetation or litter, etc.; (2) pronounced 3-D structures at the ground level, such as shrubs, bushes, and young trees; and (3) an irregular shadow mosaic, which not only varies with the time of the day, causing intensity variations, but likely also effectively modifies the spectrum of the illuminating...
Download or read book Models of Vegetation Canopy Reflectance and Their Use in Estimation of Biophysical Parameters from Reflectance Data written by Narendra S. Goel and published by Harwood Academic Pub. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
