Download or read book Border Carbon Adjustments in the EU written by Andrei Marcu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the European Green Deal (EGD), the European Commission is currently elaborating a legislative proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to prevent greenhouse gas emissions leakage and level the playing field between European and foreign emitters. This report brings together the main takeaways from the project 'Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs) in the EU: Issues and Options' launched in November 2019 to provide analytical input and foster an informed debate with domestic and international stakeholders as the CBAM file progresses through the early stages of the legislative process.Drawing on extensive feedback obtained in a series of stakeholder consultations, the report offers a detailed analysis of the building blocks of BCAs as a policy option in the European context, discusses alternative policy options, and considers different combinations of policy instruments to achieve the desired outcomes.
Download or read book Climate Border Adjustments and WTO Law written by Ulrike Will and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-07-29 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Climate Border Adjustments and WTO Law, Ulrike Will develops a convincing reform proposal for a climate border adjustment (BA) on imports within the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), which would be immune to disputes at the WTO and comply with international climate agreements while remaining economically feasible and straightforward to implement.
Download or read book Carbon Pricing What Role for Border Carbon Adjustments written by Ian W.H. Parry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Climate Note discusses the rationale, design, and impacts of border carbon adjustments (BCAs), charges on embodied carbon in imports potentially matched by rebates for embodied carbon in exports. Large disparities in carbon pricing between countries is raising concerns about competitiveness and emissions leakage, and BCAs are a potentially effective instrument for addressing such concerns. Design details are critical, however. For example, limiting coverage of the BCA to energy-intensive, trade-exposed industries facilitates administration, and initially benchmarking BCAs on domestic emissions intensities would help ease the transition for emissions-intensive trading partners. It is also important to consider how to apply BCAs across countries with different approaches to emissions mitigation. BCAs are challenging because they pose legal risks and may be at odds with the differentiated responsibilities of developing countries. Furthermore, BCAs provide only modest incentives for other large emitting countries to scale carbon pricing—an international carbon price floor would be far more effective in this regard.
Download or read book Carbon related Border Adjustment and WTO Law written by Kateryna Holzer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Related Border Adjustment and WTO Law will be of great benefit to policymakers and practitioners working in the area of climate policy and trade regulation. Researchers and advanced students in international economic law and international enviro
Download or read book Global Trade Analysis written by Thomas Warren Hertel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, drawn from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), aims to help readers conduct quantitative analysis of international trade issues in an economy-wide framework. In addition to providing a succinct introduction to the GTAP modeling framework and data base, this book contains seven of the most refined GTAP applications undertaken to date, covering topics ranging from trade policy, to the global implications of environmental policies, factor accumulation and technological change.
Download or read book Border Carbon Adjustments and Alternative Measures for the EU ETS written by Roland Ismer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of its Green Deal, the European Commission is considering the introduction of border carbon adjustments and alternative measures. The measures, which would primarily apply to basic materials like steel and cement, pursue a double objective: they are aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of carbon pricing for the transition to climate neutrality but also at avoiding carbon leakage risks. When implementing carbon adjustment mechanisms and alternative measures, various design options might be considered to reform the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). In this paper, we have decided to focus on three main models, which help to highlight the main differences between the available options. Under the first model, importers of basic materials would be required to surrender carbon allowances at the level of a product benchmark or, where lower, at the verified level of foreign carbon intensity. In parallel, allocation of free allowances would be phased out. Under the second model, a symmetric adjustment mechanism for exports and imports would be adopted, including refund to exporters for the carbon costs incurred on basic materials embodied in products. Finally, under the third model, the EU ETS would be complemented with a climate contribution charged for materials sold in the European Union (EU) at the product benchmark level related to the carbon intensity of each material. The free allowance allocation regime would then be modified to be directly linked to the volume of material production at the product benchmark level. In order to contribute to the current policy debate, we evaluate for each of these three models, their legality, coherence with EU climate objectives, effectiveness in carbon leakage prevention, potential international implications, as well as their administrative complexity and compliance costs.
Download or read book Cato Handbook for Policymakers written by Cato Institute and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2008 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers policy recommendations from Cato Institute experts on every major policy issue. Providing both in-depth analysis and concrete recommendations, the Handbook is an invaluable resource for policymakers and anyone else interested in securing liberty through limited government.
Download or read book The EU Proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism CBAM written by Ilaria Espa and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper scrutinizes the European Union's proposal for a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) under the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and climate change law. It first examines the logic behind the CBAM as a border carbon adjustment measure, having due regard to the complex interplay between its stated carbon leakage rationale and its fair competition mechanics. It then dissects the main anticipated features of the CBAM and discusses how they may fare under both WTO law and climate change law. Finally, it identifies the most critical proposed design elements from a legal perspective and discusses possible alternatives or variations that could better align the CBAM with its climate change purpose.
Download or read book Research Handbook on Environment Health and the WTO written by Geert van Calster and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ÔThis edited collection brings together an impressive array of authors from the world of international trade, the environment and public health. Each of them is eminently well-placed to bring their own particular expertise to bear on the issue at hand, and to do so in a knowledgeable and stimulating manner. This Research Handbook is a must for anyone interested in these overlapping fields of law and policy whether as a basis for learning or as a resource for further research.Õ Ð Mary Footer, University of Nottingham School of Law, UK ÔThis fantastic collection of essays explores the multiple intersections between trade and environment in the WTO. The contributions by leading scholars are theoretically engaged whilst practical in their focus. It is a Òmust readÓ for those concerned to ensure that trade liberalisation does not stand in the way of sustainable development, including urgently needed action to mitigate the risks and consequences of climate change.Õ Ð Joanne Scott, University College London, UK ÔGeert Van Calster and Denise PrŽvost have managed to induce virtually all the great experts on health, environment and WTO law to contribute to their Research Handbook on these subjects. The result is undoubtedly an excellent volume that should adorn the bookcase of any and all interested in the important problem of the relation between international rule-making and regulatory autonomy of states in this area of international economic law.Õ Ð Pieter Jan Kuijper, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands This Handbook provides state-of-the-art analysis by leading authors on the links between the international trade regime and health and environment concerns Ð concerns that make up an increasing proportion of WTO dispute settlement. Research Handbook on Environment, Health and the WTO surveys fields as diverse as climate change mitigation, non-communicable diseases, nanotechnology and public health care. The volume brings to the fore the debates and complexities surrounding these issues and their implications for the international trading system. The Handbook begins in Part I with a survey of general issues that sets a context for the more specific sectorial studies. Part II considers the most pressing issues within health regulation and trade law, whilst Part III is devoted to environmental regulation and its interface with trade law. Part IV looks specifically at aspects of the dispute settlement process and in particular standard of review, and the book concludes in Part V with a consideration of the impact of trade measures on the health and environment regimes of emerging economies. This comprehensive yet concise Handbook will appeal to academics and researchers in international trade law and environmental law, as well as trade law practitioners.
Download or read book A Way Forward for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism by the EU written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of raising its climate ambition, Europe is thinking of introducing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on imports. This would be to forestall carbon leakage, whereby European production relocates outside Europe, and is intended to encourage other countries to follow Europe's lead and raise climate ambition. How this CBAM would work is as yet unclear, although there is a clear wish for the measure to be compatible with World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules. The purpose of CBAM is not to help, nor protect, European industry beyond preventing carbon leakage. In this Policy Brief, the authors make seven clear and pragmatic recommendations on the implementation of this measure if Europe decides to go ahead with it. Misunderstandings are already arising, partly as a result of the declared use of revenues raised. As so often in policymaking, there are trade-offs to be made, and one of the primary recommendations is to engage early with international partners and explore the possibility of acting in unison with others who share the goal of raising climate ambition and are also concerned about potential carbon leakage. A gradual start for the CBAM is also recommended in order to capture the benefits of learning-by-doing.
Download or read book Trade and Climate Change written by Zhongxiang Zhang and published by Foundations and Trends (R) in Microeconomics. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade and Climate Change: Focus on Carbon Leakage, Border Carbon Adjustments and WTO Consistency reviews the literature on competitiveness and leakage concerns associated with differentiated climate abatement commitments among countries.
Download or read book Border Carbon Adjustments and Climate Clubs written by Rikard Forslid and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Border Tax Adjustments and International Trade Law written by Alice Pirlot and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book brings clarity to the debate on the new legal phenomenon of environmental border tax adjustments. It will help form a better understanding of the role and limits these taxes have on environmental policies in combating global environmental challenges, such as climate change.
Download or read book Carbon Energy Taxation written by Mikael Skou Andersen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-10-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When taxes are introduced on carbon and energy, and the revenue is used to reduce other taxes, will a positive effect be achieved both for the environment and for the economy? In 1990 Finland was the first country to introduce a tax on CO2. Later, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Slovenia, Germany and the UK followed suit with tax reforms that shifted taxation from labour to carbon and energy. Over the years, CO2 and energy taxes have gradually been raised, so that in Europe taxes of more than 25 billion Euros a year have been shifted. This book examines carbon-energy taxation in detail and looks at tax shifting programmes for lowering other taxes. It offers extensive analysis on the basis of historical data and seeks to answer important questions for policy-making, such as: What was the impact of tax shifting for economic performance and competitiveness? By how much were emissions of CO2 reduced? Could energy-intensive industries cut further down on their fuel demand or did they loose market shares? To what extent was there 'leakage' from Europe, so that production and CO2 emissions were shifted to other countries or regions without CO2-abatement policy? The use of unique and original data, including sector-specific energy prices and taxes, as well as the use of advanced statistical techniques, such as co-integration analysis and panel-regression techniques along with the time-series estimated macro-economic model E3ME, make this a truly comprehensive volume. On the basis of the lessons learned in Europe, this volume indicates how carbon-energy taxation could usefully be combined with emissions trading, and discusses implications for future international climate policy, including how the IPCC recommendations for a gradual escalation in carbon price could be accomplished while preventing carbon leakage.
Download or read book Priorities for a Development friendly EU Carbon Border Adjustment CBAM written by Clara Brandi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Commission unveiled the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in July 2021 as part of its "Fit for 55" climate-policy package. The European Commission had announced this trade-policy instrument under the Green Deal in 2019 as a means of implementing more ambitious climate-policy goals without energy-intensive sectors transferring their emissions abroad (carbon leakage). The CBAM proposal envisages imposing a levy on imports in certain energy-intensive European sectors that is proportional to the carbon content of the goods concerned. The proposal complements the EU's existing Emissions Trading System by requiring importers of goods purchased from especially energy-intensive sectors (steel, cement, electricity, fertiliser and aluminium) abroad to purchase carbon certificates based on emissions data from abroad. CBAM is primarily designed to promote an ambitious climate policy for the EU. However, the EU's current proposal creates the impression that it is mainly about improving domestic competitiveness at the expense of climate-policy effectiveness and development prospects.The draft legislation must now be fleshed out in detail by the EU member states and the European Parliament. In addition to addressing climate-policy effectiveness and compatibility with WTO legislation, account must also be taken of the impact on European trading partners, and, in particular, poor developing countries. Many developing countries are expected to face additional export costs as a result of the CBAM. The EU should carefully evaluate the associated disadvantages for developing countries and work towards achieving a development-friendly design of the mechanism. Corresponding improvements should be made to the CBAM in the EU's legislative process going forward: The EU must ensure that the border adjustments do not have a detrimental impact on poor countries. Least developed countries (LDCs) should be exempted from the CBAM. The EU should provide targeted support to the developing countries affected by the mechanism, for instance, by building their capacity for implementing the CBAM and for reducing carbon emissions in the sectors concerned. The EU should assist low- and middle-income partner countries with the decarbonisation of their manufacturing industries. The EU should also recycle revenue from the CBAM by deploying it primarily for climate-policy purposes abroad. The affected countries should be involved to a greater extent in future through consultations and diplomatic dialogue in the process for further developing the mechanism.
Download or read book Sustainability oriented Future EU Funding written by Alexander Krenek and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to reform EU funding and recent political developments such as Brexit and the withdrawal from the USA from the 2015 Paris climate agreement could revitalise the debate about the introduction of border carbon adjustments (BCA) for the European emission trading system (ETS). The introduction of a BCA would allow the EU to phase out current carbon leakage provisions of the ETS and to auction off all emission allowances, thus rendering the ETS a more effective unilateral tool to price and reduce carbon emissions. By using a dynamic new Keynesian (DYNK) model, we estimate that potential revenues of a BCA for the ETS would generate substantial and stable revenues. Given different assumptions about the development of the carbon intensity of non-EU production and different BCA designs we find that estimated revenues would suffice to finance between a third and all of current EU expenditures by the year 2027, thus allowing member countries to reduce their current contributions to the EU budget accordingly. Administered at the EU borders a BCA would represent a sustainability-oriented instrument to finance the EU allowing EU countries to cut more distortionary taxes such as those on labour, thereby increasing growth- and employment-friendliness of taxation. The proposed measure could thus contribute to tackle both environmental and fiscal challenges currently facing the EU.
Download or read book Including Consumption in Emissions Trading written by Manuel W. Haussner and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book addresses the need for further measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union, arguing that the EU Emissions Trading Scheme does not offer sufficient incentives for the carbon-intensive materials sector. It highlights the challenge that emissions from industries such as iron and steel, cement and aluminium, amongst others, pose to the EU’s commitment to significantly cut emissions by 2030.
