Download or read book Booster Seat Use and Child Passenger Safety in Ohio United States written by Li Li (Ph. D. in public health) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motor vehicle crash (MVC) related injuries remain the leading cause of death among children in the US. Age and size appropriate child restraint systems reduce the risk of MVC-related injuries. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children who outgrow harness-based car seats should continue to use booster seats until they reach 57 inches tall. Many countries and US states have enacted legislation to promote the use of child restraint systems. However, the premature transition from using booster seats to seat belts is a public health hazard to children. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the motor vehicle safety of child passengers by investigating the premature transition from booster seats to seat belts. The findings could be used to promote the appropriate use of child restraint systems and improve child passenger safety. The first aim of this dissertation (Chapter 3) was to compare the effectiveness of booster seats versus seat belts in protecting children aged 4 to 8 involved in MVCs. This chapter utilized data from Ohio Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) from 2013 to 2016. By using propensity score methods with robust Poisson regression analysis, we found that children with booster seats had an 11% lower risk for overall MVC-related injuries, an 18% lower risk for moderate to severe injury, and a 59% lower risk for sustaining abdominal injury compared to those with seat belts alone. The second aim (Chapter 4) was to evaluate the impact of Ohio’s booster seat law on child restraint use and MVC-related injuries. We included 18 years (2000-2017) of Ohio police accident report data and utilized an interrupted time series analysis with the generalized least-squares method. Our results indicated that Ohio’s booster seat law was associated with an 18% increase in the proportion of age appropriate restraint use among children aged 4-7 years involved in MVCs, with this increase in usage occurring immediately after implementing the Ohio booster seat law and sustaining over several years. We also observed a negative association between the law and MVC-related injuries, though the statistical association was not reached at the significance level of 0.05. The third aim (Chapter 5) was to explore factors that influence parents' decision-making on their children’s transition from booster seats to seat belts. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews virtually with parents whose first child made the transition within the last year. We audio-recorded and transcribed all the interviews. This study identified three child-related themes and five parent-related themes associated with parents’ decision-making on transitioning from booster seats to seat belts. We also found that the internet was the most common information source when parents sought child passenger safety knowledge. The majority of participants were aware of the Ohio booster seat law and used the law as a guideline, but misunderstanding and misinterpretation existed regarding age and height requirements. This dissertation demonstrates that using booster seats could reduce injuries among children aged 4-8 involved in MVCs. Children who prematurely transition to seat belts have a higher risk of MVC-related injuries. Ohio’s statewide booster seat law was effective in promoting the age appropriate restraint use of children at booster seat age, even though the law was secondary enforcement. This dissertation also highlighted the importance of redesigning educational materials to improve parents/caregivers’ knowledge and practice regarding correctly transitioning their children from booster seats to seat belts.
Download or read book Safety of Child Passengers in Motor Vehicles written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on the Consumer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Booster seats and the forgotten child written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce, and Tourism and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protecting Our Own written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Child Passenger Safety Resource Manual written by United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evaluation of Child Passenger Safety the Effectiveness and Benefits of Safety Seats Technical Report written by Charles Jesse Kahane and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protecting Our Own Community Child Passenger Safety Programs 2nd Edition written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Child Passenger Safety written by Brittany Chang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Buckle Up America written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes and recommends the use of booster seats for child passengers in automobiles.
Download or read book Child Car Seat Safety Standards written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation and Hazardous Materials and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identifying Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Booster Seat Laws written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to identify strategies to improve the effectiveness of booster seat laws. The project explored the possible factors that relate to the use and nonuse of booster seats, and examined the attitudes of law enforcement officers and parents/caregivers concerning booster seat laws. As of June 2007, 38 States and the District of Columbia have included booster seat provisions in their child restraint laws. A recent NHTSA sponsored observational survey found 41% of children age 4 to 8 restrained in boosters. A literature review uncovered the following reasons that parents/caregivers do not restrain their children in boosters: misunderstanding of the law; underestimation of risk; lack of knowledge about the benefits of booster seats; and permissive parenting style. An observational study conducted in this project found a 9.1-percentage-point increase in the use of child safety seats and booster seats for children age 4 to 8 following enactment of an enhanced child restraint law (booster seat law). Barriers to the use and enforcement of booster seat laws were addressed in focus groups with parents/caregivers and law enforcement officers. Barriers included parent/caregiver ignorance of child restraint laws and low risk perception; lack of knowledge about the safety benefits of booster seats among the public, as well as among law enforcement officers and members of the courts; low threat of being ticketed for booster seat violations; and lack of commitment to child passenger safety (CPS) by law enforcement top management. Educational, enforcement, and legislative strategies were developed to improve the effectiveness of booster seat laws. The educational strategies are teaching parents/caregivers about best practices for restraint use and the risks of inappropriate restraint use; and identification of booster seat resources for low-income groups. The enforcement strategies include enlisting support for CPS activities from chiefs of police; training law enforcement officers and judges about CPS best practices and their State laws; high-visibility enforcement of child restraint laws; recording appropriate child restraint law violation data on citations; including law enforcement officers in publicity promoting booster seat laws and best practices; and use of fear appeals in CPS messages to increase parent/caregiver risk perception. Legislative strategies are enactment of booster seat laws in all States; strengthening of booster seat laws to meet best practices; and enactment of primary booster seat laws as well as primary seat belt laws.
Download or read book Air Bags Car Seats and Child Safety written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications, Trade, and Consumer Protection and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Performance and Use of Child Restraint Systems Seatbelts and Air Bags for Children in Passenger Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey 1998 written by Alan W. Block and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategies to Increase the Use of Child Safety Seats Among Toddlers Volume I Final Report written by Robert Kernish and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report contains the transcript of the general sessions of the Safety Board's Symposium on Child Passenger Safety, held in Washington, D.C. on January 28, 1985. These sessions, and the discussions of six groups that considered various aspects of the problem and made reports at the afternoon general session, focused on ways to increase use of child restraints and to reduce their misuse. The report also contains considerable reference material which should be useful to child passenger safety advocates. Appendixes present information on child restraint protection laws, child passenger fatalities by State, current models of child restraints, and State Child Passenger Safety Associations.
Download or read book The Influence of Socioeconomic Status and System Design on Child Passenger Safety written by Donald S. Burke (III) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motor vehicle collisions remain the number one cause of death for children in the United States, despite decades of prevention efforts led by safety experts and numerous private and government organizations. The overarching purpose of this research was to examine and compare the system safety factors that influence child passenger safety (CPS) with a particular focus on children living in poverty. The NASS-CDS and U.S. Census national databases were utilized to determine the effect of socioeconomic status on child occupant morbidity and mortality. The results of this analysis revealed for the first time, the disproportionate vulnerability of poor children in car crashes in the United States. Poor child occupants are less likely to be restrained and more likely to be seriously or fatally injured in vehicle collisions than children from areas with low levels of poverty. Socio-technical control models of CPS in the United States and in Sweden identified ineffectual controls in the United States, which allow for child occupants, especially poor children, to be disproportionately seriously or fatally injured. The lack of federal regulation requiring vehicle manufacturers to conduct dynamic testing of child restraints in their vehicles, combined with mandatory booster seat laws, force poor children into the lowest cost and least effective restraints available to them - backless boosters or adult, 3- point belts. A series of frontal sled tests were conducted to determine the efficacy of the backless booster and alternative restraint designs to prevent injurious axial neck forces in a 6- year-old Hybrid III ATD. A backless booster seat was found to increase the axial neck forces measured in the ATD in comparison to the axial neck loads measured in the ATD restrained in a 3-point belt. A belt pretensioner and optimized buckle design was shown to mitigate injurious axial neck loads in the ATD and was found to be a feasible, alternative design to the adult, 3-point belt. Recommendations for improved control mechanisms in the United States sociotechnical control model of child passenger safety were made based on the results found in the socioeconomic data analyses, sled tests, and comparison with the socio-technical control model developed for Sweden.
