Download or read book Bone Tissue Reaction to a Novel Titanium Nitride Tin Coating on Titanium Alloy Ti 6Al 4V Implants and the Effect of Growth Factors and Cell Adhesion Molecules on the Process of Implant Integration written by Guy Sovak and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bioscience and Bioengineering of Titanium Materials written by Yoshiki Oshida and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book about bioscience and the bioengineering of titanium materials is based on more than 1,000 published articles. It bridges the gap between the medical/dental fields and the engineering/technology areas, due to the author's unique experience in both during the last 30 years. The book covers Materials Classifications, Chemical and Electrochemical Reactions, Oxidation, Biological Reactions, Implant-related Biological Reactions, Applications, Fabri-cation Technologies, Surface Modifications, and Future Perspectives.* Provides quick access to the primary literature in this field* Reviews studies of titanium materials in medical and dental applications, as reported in nearly 1,500 articles published over last several years* Draws information from several types of studies and reports* Helps readers answer questions about the most appropriate materials and when to use them

Download or read book Effect of Boron Nitride Coating on the Osseointegration of Titanium Dental Implants A Rabbit Model written by Ceren Gokmenoglu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modification of titanium dental implants are of great interest to enhance osseointegration and may provide successful long-term results. Boron nitride (BN), with its physical properties and beneficial effects on bone formation and composition, can be a promising material as a coating substance. The aim of this study was to evaluate osseointegration of BN coated implants both histomorphometrically and biomechanically on a rabbit model. BN has been coated two different coating thicknesses by using RF magnetron sputtering system. Totally fifty four implants were inserted into the tibiasu2019 of 12 New Zealand rabbits. Implants were placed bilaterally into the tibias under general anesthesia. All animals were sacrificed using intravenous sodium pentobarbital after 4 weeks. For the implants used for histomorphometric evaluation, bone-implant contact (BIC) percentages and new bone area / total area (BATA) were calculated. The removal torque (RT) test was performed and the highest removal torque required for creating a fracture between the implant and bone was measured. Through the histomorphometric evaluations, the highest BIC percentages were observed in the control group, whereas the micro scale (micro-coated) BN group had a lower but comparable BIC level with the control group. In the nano-scale (nano-coated) BN group, the BIC percentages were low. The bone tissue in the medullary cavity was the highest in the nano-scale BN group, whereas the lowest values were observed in the control group. The RT values measured in all groups were found low, but the highest RT values torque was observed in the control group. As a result, no inflammatory problem developed around any implant. Osseointegration occurred around all control and BN-coated implants. This research was supported by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with the project no 114S391.

Download or read book The Effect of Titanium Surface Roughness on Growth Differentiation and Protein Synthesis of Cartilage and Bone Cells written by Janet Y. Martin and published by . This book was released on 1996-05-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Placement of endosseous dental implants requires the growth and tight opposition of bone tissue to the implant surface. Histomorphological evaluation of various implant systems have shown variable contact between the bone and implant surface. Previous studies have alluded to the fact that various factors probably influence the interactions occurring at the bone-implant interface. These included specific surface characteristics such as chemical composition, surface texture and microgeometry, surface treatments including sterilization methods, presence of surface contaminants, and types of cells interacting at the implant interface. However, the role these factors play in osseointegration is not well known at this time. The object of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effect of some of these factors on cell response.

Download or read book Titanium in Medical and Dental Applications written by Francis Froes and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium in Medical and Dental Applications is an essential reference book for those involved in biomedical materials and advanced metals. Written by well-known experts in the field, it covers a broad array of titanium uses, including implants, instruments, devices, the manufacturing processes used to create them, their properties, corrosion resistance and various fabrication approaches. Biomedical titanium materials are a critically important part of biomaterials, especially in cases where non-metallic biomedical materials are not suited to applications, such as the case of load-bearing implants. The book also covers the use of titanium for implants in the medical and dental fields and reviews the use of titanium for medical instruments and devices. - Provides an understanding of the essential and broad applications of Titanium in both the medical and dental industries - Discusses the pathways to manufacturing titanium into critical biomedical and dental devices - Includes insights into further applications within the industry

Download or read book Titanium in Medicine written by D.M. Brunette and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing scientific and technical in-depth information in a clear format with a homogeneous structure, this text is suited for educational and self-teaching purposes as well as a reference on titanium for biomedical applications. It covers the whole area relevant to the use of titanium for implants, devices and instruments in medicine: material and surface science, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, quality and regulatory aspects.

Download or read book The Effect of Grain Refinement of Titanium on Its Mechanical Performance and Cell Response written by Alexander Medvedev and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium and its alloys have long been in the focus of biomedical research as some of the most suitable materials for implant production. This fact is attributed to an excellent combination of mechanical, biological and physico-chemical properties, such as low density and high mechanical strength, resulting in the highest specific strength among most common implant materials, reduced elastic modulus (compared to stainless steel or CoCrMo alloys), excellent corrosion resistance, and enhanced biocompatibility.Recently, titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, the most common titanium implant material so far, was in the focus of several studies that claimed it has a potential to be toxic to humans due to the release of aluminium and vanadium ions in the surrounding tissues when placed within the host. This problem can be overcome by using titanium with lower alloying content, for example, commercially pure (CP) titanium, such as Grade 2 or Grade 4. Unfortunately, CP titanium shows significant decrease in mechanical properties compared to Ti6Al4V. There are ways, however, to enhance the strength of materials without altering their chemical composition. Particularly, severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been shown to dramatically enhance the strength of various materials while retaining good ductility.It is well known that the surface of medical implants plays a crucial role in the success and outcome of the surgery and determines the longevity of implants. Therefore, it is common to modify the surface of these devices in order to increase the surface area, alter its chemistry or wettability. There are numerous techniques available nowadays that allow modification of implant surface, however, only a handful of them were implemented in industry. One of such processes - SLA (Shot-blasted with Large grit and Acid etching) - is considered one of the most promising since it has been adopted by several different companies around the world. The main aim of the present work was to use SPD to increase the strength of CP titanium of two purity grades - Grade 2 and Grade 4 - in order to develop a material that, as a result of a combination of high strength and good biocompatibility, could be used to replace Ti6Al4V as a major titanium-based material on the market. Moreover, we performed all experiments on samples with two distinctly different types of surfaces - polished and SLA-treated - to highlight the effect of grain refinement on the outcome of subsequent surface modification. To the best of our knowledge, no work examining a combined effect of grain refinement and surface modification on mechanical and biological properties has been previously described in the literature. The results discussed in this thesis suggest that, as a result of a significant refinement of microstructure by SPD processing, mechanical properties of CP titanium can match (fatigue) or even exceed (tensile) those of Ti6Al4V. It was observed that SLA treatment results in the formation of a surface layer with refined structure which aided in enhancing fatigue properties of as-received titanium after surface modification. Although such layer was not found in case of SPD-processed samples, which led to a slight decrease of fatigue life compared to samples with polished surface, fatigue properties of SPD-processed titanium were still superior to those of Ti6Al4V. Fatigue testing in simulated body fluid, designed to test how titanium with refined structure reacts to aggressive environment, indicated no deterioration of fatigue life of titanium, regardless of microstructure.It has been demonstrated that surface properties of titanium were notably influenced by the grain size and the subsequent SLA treatment. Roughness of polished samples was shown to be a function of the grain size of material. At the same time, mechanical properties are believed to be responsible for differences in roughness of SLA-modified surface, as surface roughening primarily occurs by means of grit-blasting with its effect highly dependent on the strength/ductility of the surface. Wettability of titanium has been observed to be determined by the surface texture, being a product of variations in the processing route. This effect retained after severe surface roughening as well, although, overall, surface of SLA-treated titanium samples were found to be much more hydrophobic. Simultaneously, variations in wettability between samples of different conditions became less pronounced. Chemical analysis of CP Ti with varying microstructure and surface quality revealed no effect of microstructure on the chemical state of the polished surface. At the same time, it was noted that SLA treatment of ultrafine-grained titanium may favour the formation of a thicker, more chemically uniform oxide layer. Finally, an assessment of biological properties of CP Ti has been made. The results indicate a positive effect of ultrafine-grained structure and associated surface properties on the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of two types of tissue cells - human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSC) on both types of surfaces. At the same time, bacterial adhesion was also significantly enhanced on the surface of SLA-treated titanium. This fact suggests that an utilisation of surface modification techniques in industrial processes of implant production should be most carefully controlled in order to reduce possibility of serious complication that may be caused by bacterial colonisation.Overall, experimental results presented in this thesis indicate that SPD, especially in combination with surface modification techniques, such as SLA treatment, has a great potential to improve both mechanical and biological properties of commercially pure titanium to make it a highly favourable and competitive candidate for the replacement of Ti6Al4V alloy. Our research suggests that there may be only one potential drawback of a combination of SPD and SLA, namely, enhanced adhesion of bacterial cells on the surface of such materials. However, this negative effect is not attributed to SPD processing, but rather to the increased surface roughness inherent to the SLA treatment. We suggest that this issue can be addressed by developing proper handling, storage and pre-implantation preparation protocols, a process that was not covered in current work but could be included as a part of the basis for the future work.

Download or read book Coatings for Biomedical Applications written by Mike Driver and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biomaterials sector is rapidly expanding and significant advances have been made in the technology of biomedical coatings and materials, which provide a means to improve the wear of joints, change the biological interaction between implant and host and combine the properties of various materials to improve device performance. Coatings for biomedical applications provides an extensive review of coating types and surface modifications for biomedical applications.The first part of the book explores a range of coating types and their biomedical applications. Chapters look at hydrophilic, mineral and pyrolytic carbon coatings in and ex vivo orthopaedic applications and finally at surface modification and preparation techniques. Part two presents case studies of orthopaedic and ophthalmic coatings, and biomedical applications including vascular stents, cardiopulomonary by-pass equipment and ventricular assist devices.With its clear structure and comprehensive review of research, Coatings for biomedical applications is a valuable resource to researchers, scientists and engineers in the biomedical industry. It will also benefit anyone studying or working within the biomedical sector, particularly those specialising in biomedical coatings. - Provides an extensive review of coating types and surface modifications for biomedical applications - Chapters look at hydrophilic coatings for biomedical applications in and ex vivo, mineral coatings for orthopaedic applications, pyrolytic carbon coating and other commonly-used biomedical coatings - Presents case studies of orthopaedic and ophthalmic coatings, and biomedical applications including vascular stents, cardiopulomonary by-pass equipment and ventricular assist devices

Download or read book Effect of Ionic Liquid Coatings on Early Healing and Osseointegration of Titanium Implants written by Sutton E. Wheelis and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although titanium (Ti) dental implants are known to achieve high success rates and osseointegration in vivo, a higher incidence of implant failures have been recently reported. Implant failures are caused by several factors; however, the nature and intensity of the inflammatory response at the titanium-tissue interface determines the healing outcome of an implant. Surface modifications performed on titanium implants have attempted to directly address both patient and external factors that interfere with constructive inflammation, but often do not address multiple complications that impact osseointegration while maintaining regenerative healing. Dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IonL) have demonstrated low toxicity, antimicrobial, lubricant, and anticorrosive activities in vitro making them a potential candidate as a multifunctional dental implant coatings. However, the biological response to these coatings in vivo is unknown. The goal of this dissertation was to evaluate the effect IonLs have on inflammation, healing, and osseointegration of titanium dental implants. This research is divided into three aims (i) to investigate the biocompatibility of IonL in a subcutaneous model, (ii) to define and validate success criteria for an oral implantation model and (iii) to investigate the impact of IonL on early healing and osseointegration in an oral implantation model. In each aim a combination of clinical evaluation, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, molecular analysis, and MicroCT was used to track inflammation and healing from 2-30 days (d) in the Lewis rat. In aim 1, an initial evaluation of both IonL-Phe and IonL-Met indicated that IonL appeared in peri-implant tissues and increased acute inflammation at 2d compared to uncoated Ti. At 14d, inflammation receded with more developed peri-implant tissue in coated and uncoated samples with no foreign body giant cells. IonL was no longer observed at 14d, suggesting elution or resorption by macrophages. This aim demonstrated that medium dose IonL-Phe does not significantly interfere with Ti foreign body response in an aseptic environment. In aim 2, a new pre-clinical oral implantation model defined an appropriate baseline for successful Ti osseointegration. Healing was similar to other rodent models: hematoma and acute inflammation at 2d, initial bone formation at 7d, advanced bone formation and remodeling at 14d, and bone maturation at 30d. Overall, this model resulted in a 78.5% osseointegration success rate (>60% bone-to-implant contact (BIC)), similar to human osseointegration. Therefore, This model combines the advantages of a rodent model while maximizing BIC, making it an excellent candidate for evaluation of IonLs. Following aim 2, a pilot in vivo assessment determined medium dose IonL-Phe demonstrated the best histogical response and BIC for the remaining evaluation. In aim 3, IonL-Phe-coated and uncoated cpTi screws were implanted into several demographic groups of rats to represent biological variations that could affect healing. Molecular and histological analysis indicated IonL heightened acute inflammation compared to uncoated Ti. However, the coating was released/resorbed by 7 days and did not negatively affect subsequent bone remodeling in all demographics. Overall, IonL-Phe coating did not disturb oral Ti osseointegration and may provide additional control over the healing environment in scenarios known to be challenged by bacteria, such as peri-implantitis

Download or read book On the bone tissue response to titanium implants written by Lars Sennerby and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Download or read book Wear and Friction of Titanium Nitride on Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Under Oscillating Motion for Evaluation of Use in Articulating Orthopedic Applications written by David Scott Jacobson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials are a factor in the performance of articulating orthopedic implants. An oscillating tribometer is utilized to investigate mechanisms of wear and friction of TiN (titanium nitride) coated on Ti-6Al-4V (titanium) alloy against UHMWPe (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene). Three thicknesses of TiN coating (1.76 pm, 4.15 æm, and 10.5 æm) are used to evaluate the performance of each in UHMWPe wear reduction and coating integrity. An uncoated Co-Cr (cobalt chromium) coupon is used against UHMWPe pins for control purposes. Oscillations are carried out to 10 million cycles to discover and evaluate short- and long-term wear mechanisms. Mass differentials and torque are recorded for each test at specific intervals in order to establish wear volumes and rates of the UHMWPe, and coefficients of friction. Profilometries and polarized light photomicrography are performed at test conclusion to observe any alteration in physical condition which occurred during each test. Analysis of the results reveals the benefit of reduced wear from a TiN/Ti-6AI-4V coating-substrate system coupled with UHMWPe. Use of TiN/Ti-6Al-4V enables a reduction in abrasive wear and a reduction and delay in the onset of adhesive wear and associated UHMWPYTe transfer films. UHMWPe wear decreases with thinner TIN coatings, realizing up to two-thirds reduction in wear over a Co-Cr-UHMWPe system. Even with a rougher surface a TiN-UHMWPe system (pre-test Ra = 0.07-0.11) benefits with a minimum of one-third reduction in UHMWPe wear over the smoother Co-Cr-UHMWPe system (pre-test Ra = 0.03).

Download or read book Degradation of Implant Materials written by Noam Eliaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current understanding of the mechanical, chemical and biological processes that are responsible for the degradation of a variety of implant materials. All 18 chapters will be written by internationally renowned experts to address both fundamental and practical aspects of research into the field. Different failure mechanisms such as corrosion, fatigue, and wear will be reviewed, together with experimental techniques for monitoring them, either in vitro or in vivo. Procedures for implant retrieval and analysis will be presented. A variety of biomaterials (stainless steels, titanium and its alloys, nitinol, magnesium alloys, polyethylene, biodegradable polymers, silicone gel, hydrogels, calcium phosphates) and medical devices (orthopedic and dental implants, stents, heart valves, breast implants) will be analyzed in detail. The book will serve as a broad reference source for graduate students and researchers studying biomedicine, corrosion, surface science, and electrochemistry.

Download or read book Effects of Surface Modified Titanium Implants on Osseointegration in Irradiated Bone written by Junyuan Li and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Effects of Surface-modified Titanium Implants on Osseointegration in Irradiated Bone" by Junyuan, Li, 黎俊媛, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Radiotherapy is a common treatment for head and neck cancers. However, it compromises bone healing. Titanium implanthas been shown to be a predictable method for replacing missing teeth. Clinical studies revealed that implant failure rate in irradiated regionwas high. Many studies showed that modifications of implant surface could enhance implant osseointegration by improving cell attachment, cell growth and bone formation. Nevertheless, there were few studies investigating the effect of implant surface modification on osseointegration in irradiated bone. In the first experiment, the effect of fluoride-modified (FM) titanium surface on irradiated osteoblast attachment was assessed. The morphology and chemical composition of FM surface was assessed by SEM, AFM and XPS. Osteoblasts received 0Gy, 2Gy, 4Gy, 6Gy, 8Gy, 10Gy radiation. Cell number, fluorescence intensity and cell area of irradiated osteoblasts were assessed. The number of osteoblasts onFM surface was fewer than those on NF surface after 0Gy, 2Gy, 8Gy and 10Gy radiation. Cell area of osteoblasts on FM surface was less at 2Gy radiation but larger at 6Gy radiation than on NF surface. The fluorescence intensity of osteoblasts was also higher on NF surface than on FM surface after receiving 0Gy, 2Gy, 4Gy, 10Gy radiation. In the second experiment, an animal model was established to study the effect of radiation on osseointegration. Rabbits were divided into 15Gy and 30Gy radiation groups. Only the left leg was exposed to radiation, and the right leg was protected from radiation. Totally, 24 implants were inserted. Implant stability quotient (ISQ), bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and bone growth rate were measured. After 15Gy and 30Gy of radiation, ISQ and BV/TV were significantly reduced. At week 3, 15Gy radiation group displayed slower bone growth rate comparing with the control side. Fluorochrome results showed that the 30Gy radiation side had a significantly slower apposition of new bone.In addition, BIC on30Gy radiation side was notablypoorer than that on 15Gy radiation side and on 30Gy control side. Based on the animal model, the third experiment investigated effects of calcium phosphate nanocrystals on implant osseointegration in irradiated bone. Titanium implants treated with nano-scale calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals served as the test group while ones with dual acid-etching only served as the control group. The left leg of rabbits received 15Gy radiation and implants were placed in the irradiated leg. Significant higher ISQ was detected in the nano-CaP group at week 12. The bone growth rate in nano-CaP group was more than doubled than the control group at both week 6 and week 9. The fourth experiment evaluated artifacts on micro-CT images caused by titanium dental implant. Implants were assigned into four groups: (1) implant only; (2) implant with covering screw; (3) implant with resin embedding; and (4) implant with covering screw and resin embedding. Each implant was scanned by micro-CT at 3 angulations. Implant angulation was the most determining factor followed by resin embedding. Minimal metallic artifacts were obtainedin non-embedded implants with its axis paralleling to X-ray. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5312315 Subjects: Osseointegration Dental implants

Download or read book Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants written by Robert B. Heimann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the progress in recent years, this book provides in-depth information on the preparation, chemistry, and engineering of bioceramic coatings for medical implants. It is authored by two renowned experts with over 30 years of experience in industry and academia, who know the potentials and pitfalls of the techniques concerned. Following an introduction to the principles of biocompatibility, they present the structures and properties of various bioceramics from alumina to zirconia. The main part of the work focuses on coating technologies, such as chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel deposition and thermal spraying. There then follows a discussion of the major interactions of bioceramics with bone or tissue cells, complemented by an overview of the in-vitro testing methods of the biomineralization properties of bioceramics. The text is rounded off by chapters on the functionalization of bioceramic coatings and a look at future trends. As a result, the authors bring together all aspects of the latest techniques for designing, depositing, testing, and implementing improved and novel bioceramic coating compositions, providing a full yet concise overview for beginners and professionals.

Download or read book On Tissue Reactions to Metal Implants written by Carina B. Johansson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomaterials in Translational Medicine written by Lei Yang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials in Translational Medicine delivers timely and detailed information on the latest advances in biomaterials and their role and impact in translational medicine. Key topics addressed include the properties and functions of these materials and how they might be applied for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on basic fundamentals, biomaterial formulations, design principles, fabrication techniques and transitioning bench-to-bed clinical applications. The book is an essential reference resource for researchers, clinicians, materials scientists, engineers and anyone involved in the future development of innovative biomaterials that drive advancement in translational medicine. - Systematically introduces the fundamental principles, rationales and methodologies of creating or improving biomaterials in the context of translational medicine - Includes the translational or commercialization status of these new biomaterials - Provides the reader with enough background knowledge for a fundamental grip of the difficulties and technicalities of using biomaterial translational medicine - Directs the reader on how to find other up-to-date sources (i.e. peer reviewed journals) in the field of translational medicine and biomaterials

Download or read book Surface Modification of Titanium for Biomaterial Applications written by Kyo-Han Kim and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book starts with concepts of bone, its structure, remodelling, materials for implants and implant testing methods. Calcium phosphate ceramics and need for titanium surface modification are detailed in the initial chapters. Surface modification techniques include plasma spraying, sol-gel, biomimetic, electrochemical, laser, sputtering and ion-implantation methods. Chapters 5 to 19 deal with these modification techniques. Chapters 20-22 deal with less-common methods titanium nitride coating, protein modification, diamond like carbon coating and ultraviolet treatment. Substituting the apatite lattice with other cations like silicon, magnesium, sodium, carbon, etc is provided. The chapters involving these techniques begin with a small introduction about that technique and go on to explain the underlying principles, methodology and properties of the coats. According to the authors, the book gives a complete overview of almost all the surface modification techniques known, as applied to titanium biomaterials.