Download or read book Bone Strength Multi axial Behavior Volume Fraction Anisotropy and Microarchitecture written by Arnav Sanyal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trabecular bone is a major load-bearing tissue in the musculoskeletal system and is subjected to various multi-axial loads in vivo. For example, in the vertebral body, the trabecular bone is primarily subjected to uniaxial loads, in the proximal femur, trabecular bone is subjected to biaxial loads i.e. loads oriented at two mutually perpendicular directions, in distal radius, the trabecular bone can subjected to shear loads due to off-axis loading during a traumatic event. Understanding the multi-axial strength and underlying tissue-level failure mechanisms of human trabecular bone is of great clinical and scientific importance since age-related osteoporotic fractures primarily occur at trabecular bone sites, such as the hip, spine and wrist. With the onset of osteoporosis, there is an increase in porosity and deterioration of the microarchitecture of trabecular bone, which results in increased fragility and fracture susceptibility of trabecular bone. Using high-resolution, micro-CT based nonlinear finite element models, we investigated the strength of trabecular bone under compression, shear, biaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. Under uniaxial loading, it was shown that the variation in both compressive and shear strength was primarily attributed to the volume fraction of the trabecular bone, but the observed scatter in the ratio of the shear and compressive strength was attributed to heterogeneity and anisotropy of the trabecular microarchitecture. At the tissue-level, it was shown that shear loading leads to predominantly tensile tissue failure unlike compression loading that makes trabecular bone much weaker under shear loading. Under biaxial loading, it was shown that the yield strength varied with both volume fraction and anisotropy, and most of the variation in biaxial strength could be primarily attributed to similar variation of the uniaxial strengths with minor variations due to trabecular microarchitecture. Based on these results, the complete multi-axial yield strength behavior of trabecular bone was investigated for over 200 multi-axial load cases. A new yield strength criterion was then formulated in the six-dimensional strain space to mathematically characterize the multiaxial failure criterion of human trabecular bone. The research presented in this dissertation has provided considerable insight into the variation of both apparent-level strength and the tissue-level failure mechanisms of trabecular bone under various loading conditions. The role of bone volume fraction, anisotropy and microarchitecture on the uniaxial and multi-axial strength has been outlined. A multi-axial failure criterion has been formulated which can be used to noninvasively predict the strength of whole bones of osteoporotic patients using clinical CT scans.
Download or read book Noninvasive Assessment of Trabecular Bone Architecture and The Competence of Bone written by Sharmila Majumdar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of bone microarchitecture is flourishing because of a recent shift in perspective that has taken researchers beyond utilizing bone mineral density as the primary source of information about certain matters related to bone. In the area of osteoporosis and skeletal changes, bone mineral density (BMD) is widely used for screening, monitoring and assessing therapeutic efficacy, and yet, it is currently accepted that BMD does not fully explain the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the process of aging, nor mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy. In this context, the study of trabecular microarchitecture has much to contribute. The emerging field of trabecular microarchitecture, however, is diverse, inter-disciplinary and encompasses many different imaging modalities. This volume represents a compilation of papers from world-renowned researchers, reflecting the most current research in the area of noninvasive assessment of trabecular microcarchitecture. This varied research applies sophisticated imaging tools to questions of bone biomechanics at both the basic science and clinical levels. The authors' works range from review articles and research articles to works in progress. Taken together, they offer a foray into the "state of the art" of investigating bone at its most basic levels.
Download or read book Comprehensive Biomaterials II written by Kevin Healy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 4865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Biomaterials II, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set brings together the myriad facets of biomaterials into one expertly-written series of edited volumes. Articles address the current status of nearly all biomaterials in the field, their strengths and weaknesses, their future prospects, appropriate analytical methods and testing, device applications and performance, emerging candidate materials as competitors and disruptive technologies, research and development, regulatory management, commercial aspects, and applications, including medical applications. Detailed coverage is given to both new and emerging areas and the latest research in more traditional areas of the field. Particular attention is given to those areas in which major recent developments have taken place. This new edition, with 75% new or updated articles, will provide biomedical scientists in industry, government, academia, and research organizations with an accurate perspective on the field in a manner that is both accessible and thorough. Reviews the current status of nearly all biomaterials in the field by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, performance, and future prospects Covers all significant emerging technologies in areas such as 3D printing of tissues, organs and scaffolds, cell encapsulation; multimodal delivery, cancer/vaccine - biomaterial applications, neural interface understanding, materials used for in situ imaging, and infection prevention and treatment Effectively describes the many modern aspects of biomaterials from basic science, to clinical applications
Download or read book Cancellous Bone written by Ardiyansyah Syahrom and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-05 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive mechanobiological insights into bone, including the microstructure of cancellous bone and its realistic loading in the human body. This approach considers different types of loads, i.e. static and dynamic, and the response under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. The book also reviews additional factors influencing biomechanical properties, e.g. fluid transport. In closing, the mechanobiological approach is discussed in the context of the finite element method.
Download or read book Bone Mechanics written by Stephen C. Cowin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This informative volume summarizes what is known about bone mechanics. It describes the methods used to acquire that knowledge and suggests the nature of future research on this topic. This easy-to-read book keeps mathematical notation simple and minimal and presents data in summary form. Bone Mechanics is concerned with the mechanical behavior and functional stress adaptation of whole bones as structural elements, the mechanical behavior and functional adaptation of bone tissue as material, and the physiological significance of the mechanical properties of bone and the biological response of bone to applied stress. Orthopaedic surgeons, dentists, anatomists, biologists, biomedical engineers and physiologists are among those who will find this volume to be of interest.
Download or read book Bioinspired Structures and Design written by Wole Soboyejo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master simple to advanced biomaterials and structures with this essential text. Featuring topics ranging from bionanoengineered materials to bio-inspired structures for spacecraft and bio-inspired robots, and covering issues such as motility, sensing, control and morphology, this highly illustrated text walks the reader through key scientific and practical engineering principles, discussing properties, applications and design. Presenting case studies for the design of materials and structures at the nano, micro, meso and macro-scales, and written by some of the leading experts on the subject, this is the ideal introduction to this emerging field for students in engineering and science as well as researchers.
Download or read book Mechanical Testing of Bone and the Bone Implant Interface written by Yuehuei H. An and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-11-29 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanical properties of whole bones, bone tissue, and the bone-implant interfaces are as important as their morphological and structural aspects. Mechanical Testing of Bone and the Bone-Implant Interface helps you assess these properties by explaining how to do mechanical testing of bone and the bone-implant interface for bone-related research
Download or read book Bones written by John D. Currey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2006-07-23 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive and accessible overview of what is known about the structure and mechanics of bone, bones, and teeth. In it, John Currey incorporates critical new concepts and findings from the two decades of research since the publication of his highly regarded The Mechanical Adaptations of Bones. Crucially, Currey shows how bone structure and bone's mechanical properties are intimately bound up with each other and how the mechanical properties of the material interact with the structure of whole bones to produce an adapted structure. For bone tissue, the book discusses stiffness, strength, viscoelasticity, fatigue, and fracture mechanics properties. For whole bones, subjects dealt with include buckling, the optimum hollowness of long bones, impact fracture, and properties of cancellous bone. The effects of mineralization on stiffness and toughness and the role of microcracking in the fracture process receive particular attention. As a zoologist, Currey views bone and bones as solutions to the design problems that vertebrates have faced during their evolution and throughout the book considers what bones have been adapted to do. He covers the full range of bones and bony tissues, as well as dentin and enamel, and uses both human and non-human examples. Copiously illustrated, engagingly written, and assuming little in the way of prior knowledge or mathematical background, Bones is both an ideal introduction to the field and also a reference sure to be frequently consulted by practicing researchers.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Bone Disease written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.
Download or read book Image Based Multilevel Biomechanical Modeling for Fall Induced Hip Fracture written by Yunhua Luo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fall-induced hip fracture is an epidemic health risk among elderly people. This book presents an image-based multilevel modeling approach to understanding the biomechanics involved in fall-induced hip fracture. By hierarchically integrating a body-level dynamics model, a femur-level finite element model, and a local bone failure model, the biomechanics approach is able to simulate all stages in sideways falls and to incorporate all biomechanical variables affecting hip fracture. This book is useful for clinicians to accurately evaluate fracture risk, for biomechanical engineers to virtually test hip protective devices, and for biomedical students to learn image-based biomechanical modeling techniques. This book also covers: Biomechanical viewing on bone composition, bone remodeling, and bone strength Bone imaging and information captured for constructing biomechanical models Bone mechanical testing and mechanical properties required for biomechanical modeling
Download or read book Postgraduate Orthopaedics written by Paul A. Banaszkiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The must-have book for candidates preparing for the oral component of the FRCS (Tr and Orth).
Download or read book Primary Cilia written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-30 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the role of cilia in the study of health, development and disease has been increasingly clear, and new discoveries have made this an exciting and important field of research. This comprehensive volume, a complement to the new three-volume treatment of cilia and flagella by King and Pazour, presents easy-to-follow protocols and detailed background information for researchers working with cilia and flagella. - Covers protocols for primary cilia across several systems and species - Both classic and state-of-the-art methods readily adaptable across model systems, and designed to last the test of time - Relevant to clinicians and scientists working in a wide range of fields
Download or read book Mechanical Behavior of Materials written by Marc A. Meyers and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes numerous examples and problems for student practice, this textbook is ideal for courses on the mechanical behaviour of materials taught in departments of mechanical engineering and materials science.
Download or read book Functional Tissue Engineering written by Farshid Guilak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-09 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: -Softcover reprint of a successful hardcover reference (370 copies sold) -Price to be accessible to the rapidly increasing population of students and investigators in the field of tissue engineering -Chapters written by well-known researchers discuss issues in functional tissue engineering as well as provide guidelines and a summary of the current state of technology
Download or read book Bone Research in Biomechanics written by G. Lowet and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the structure of bone, and its consequences for the mechanical behaviour of the bone structure. The first part of this book focuses on the development of models to predict the adaptation of bone due to changes on the mechanical loading situation (such as provoked by an implant). But far more important than the computer power presently available, the incorporation of knowledge on the biological processes have led to new kinds of models. Next to the development of models itself, the issue of model validation though comparison with clinical data is a main issue addressed in the papers of this symposium. The second part, dealing with the relationship between bone architecture and competence of bone, focuses on the morphology of trabecular bone structure. This work is mainly carried out in the context of research on osteoporosis, and look for the relation between bone structure and fracture risk. The last part is devoted to ultrasound research in bone biomechanics. Several methods have been described for the in vitro and in vivo measurement of ultrasound velocity and attenuation, both on cortical and on trabecular bone. The reader will not only discover the state-of-the-art when reading though this book. This book can give a taste of the fascinating perspectives the research in bone biomechanics still have to offer, even after more than 100 years.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Medical Imaging written by Paul Suetens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Medical Imaging, second edition, is an invaluable technical introduction to each imaging modality, explaining the mathematical and physical principles and giving a clear understanding of how images are obtained and interpreted. Individual chapters cover each imaging modality – radiography, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine and ultrasound – reviewing the physics of the signal and its interaction with tissue, the image formation or reconstruction process, a discussion of image quality and equipment, clinical applications and biological effects and safety issues. Subsequent chapters review image analysis and visualization for diagnosis, treatment and surgery. New to this edition: • Appendix of questions and answers • New chapter on 3D image visualization • Advanced mathematical formulae in separate text boxes • Ancillary website containing 3D animations: www.cambridge.org/suetens • Full colour illustrations throughout Engineers, clinicians, mathematicians and physicists will find this an invaluable aid in understanding the physical principles of imaging and their clinical applications.
Download or read book A Practical Manual for Musculoskeletal Research written by Kwok-Sui Leung and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides technical protocols for musculoskeletal research on a translational basis, i.e. a disease-orientated approach. It offers guidance on various laboratory techniques, including cell culture and molecular biology, histology and histomorphometry, microscopy and bioimaging, laboratory animal models, CT- and MRI-based densitometry and microarchitectural analysis, biomechanics and functional analysis of orthopedic kinesiology, etc. The content is simple and straightforward, with illustrations and step-by-step procedures as an easy experimental reference for personnel in basic and clinical musculoskeletal research and education. This book will provide a unique multidisciplinary platform for various professions OCo not only orthopedics, but also biomedical engineering and biomaterial sciences OCo involving both basic and clinical medicine."
