Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References

Download or read book Bone Circulation and Vascularization in Normal and Pathological Conditions written by A. Schoutens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Association Internationale de Recherche sur la Circulation Osseuse, A.R.C.O., was founded in London in December 1989 by a small group of doctors, surgeons and researchers in basic sciences who had been involved for many years in the study of bone circulation and its disorders. They had met several times in Toulouse, during the International Symposia on Bone Circulation held there since 1973 and they wished to carry their contacts further. In founding A.R.C.O., they established as their primary aims the encouragement and furtherance of research, organisation of meetings and promotion of knowledge on the subject. At the present time, the Association has over a hundred members from more than bone tissue twenty countries in Europe, America and Asia. All have the conviction that and its pathology can only be truly known and studied if one has an understanding of its vascular system and the way its circulation functions. This concept, apparently beyond question, has not yet been adopted by all physicians and scientists who are interested in bone. From time to time, one comes across teaching programmes on bone patho logy which make no mention of bone circulation.

Download or read book Blood Supply of Bone written by Murray Brookes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blood Supply of Bone: Scientific Aspects provides a comprehensive description of the development and physiology of blood supply to the skeleton. Investigative techniques for different types of bone in the body are discussed and the effects of disturbed circulation and the vascular control of osteogenesis is described. This highly illustrated and authoritative volume contains much revised material and many new illustrations reflecting 25 years of advances in this research field since the publication of its well-known precursor in 1971. The wealth of information will not only be invaluable to orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists, and radiologists but also pathologists, sports medicine specialists and bone metabolism research workers.

Download or read book Skeletal Circulation in Clinical Practice written by Roy K Aaron and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ' Bone circulation is important to our understanding of many major orthopedic conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, repair, and tumors. Yet, circulatory physiology, basic to all healthy organs and most diseases, has been difficult to study in the skeleton. The biological regulation of blood flow is complex and the tissues have been relatively inaccessible to measurement. In recent years, however, advances have been made in understanding circulatory physiology and fluid flow in bone, functional measurement of blood flow, and the roles of circulation in bone turnover and repair. These advances have enhanced our insights into bone homeostasis and the interrelationships of circulation and skeletal biology, including repair and disease. This seminal volume presents updated information on circulatory physiology of bone and fluid flow through the bone matrix. It then describes new techniques in quantifying and imaging bone circulation. A clinical section covering circulatory elements of skeletal diseases provides valuable insight into pathophysiology that may serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Contents:Physiology:The Physiology of Bone Circulation (Ian McCarthy & Ines Reichert)Molecular Transport in Musculoskeletal Health and Disease (Melissa L Knothe Tate, Roy K Aaron, Anita Ignatius, Lutz Dürselen and Stan Rockson)Techniques of Measurement of Bone Circulation:The Microsphere Method for Investigating Bone Blood Flow (Hermann Anetzberger and Christof Birkenmaier)Laser Doppler Flowmetry (Seth O''Donnell, Scott Ritterman and Lee Rubin)Engineering and Clinical Aspects of Photoplethysmography (Roy K Aaron, Oussama Fadil, Jennifer Racine and Domenico Pacifici)MRI and PET (Jonathan P Dyke)Pathophysiology of Skeletal Circulation:Circulatory Pathology in Osteonecrosis (Lynne C Jones and Roy K Aaron)Osteonecrosis in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia and Other Hematologic Disorders (Luke M Vaughan, Sarah A Long, Thomas Santamaría, Marc J Kahn, Josephina A Vossen, Miriam A Bredella, Alan L Schiller and Henry J Mankin)Fractures and Bone Repair (Dean G Lorich and Lionel E Lazaro)Joint Inflammation and Synovitis (Alissa J Burge)Circulatory Pathology in Osteoarthritis (Roy K Aaron)Osteoporosis, Circulation, and Fluid Dynamics (Bing Zang, Jaime Mateus and Alan Hargens)Circulation of the Pediatric and Adolescent Hip (Jeremy Doak, Jonathan Schiller and Craig Eberson) Readership: Orthopedic surgeons and researchers, bone specialists, osteopathologists, musculoskeletal researchers, arthritis and osteoporosis researchers. Key Features:It is comprehensiveContemporary up to date information with innovative insights into pathophysiologyInternationally recognized experts in their respective fields as authorsKeywords:Circulation;Skeletal Biology;Bone Perfusion'

Download or read book Bone Circulation written by Jacques Arlet and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bone Circulation and Bone Necrosis written by Jacques Arlet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of bone circulation is relatively new and has developed very quickly in the past 20 years; this book reports on the most recent progress since 1982. The chapters discuss the anatomy of bone vascularization, the physiology of vascular regulation, the histopathology of microcirculation and osteonecrosis, experimental studies on bone-blood flow, experimental surgery, methods of exploration, vascular studies of grafts and bone transfer, and surgical and conservative treatment. New developments are given on blood-bone barrier, effect of PGE2 on blood-bone flow, laser Doppler flowmetry, microcirculation and demineralization, vascular repair in osteotomy and fracture, bone arteriography, angioscintigraphy, Ilizarov's technique, and therapeutic aspects of lipid-clearing agents.

Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Download or read book Bone Circulation and Bone Necrosis written by Jacques Arlet and published by . This book was released on 1989-12-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Blood Supply of Bone written by Murray Brookes and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1971 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Download or read book Anatomy Physiology written by Lindsay Biga and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A version of the OpenStax text

Download or read book Bone Health and Osteoporosis written by United States Public Health Service and published by . This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.

Download or read book Bone Circulation Disorders written by Michael A. Mont and published by Clinics: Orthopedics. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special issue will deal with various current, state-of-the-art, as well as novel approaches for the management of osteonecrosis. There are original research and review articles about this disease in the hip and knee ranging from cell-based therapies, bone grafting, osteotomies, to the use of pharmacologic agents such as bisphosphonates and iloprost and various prosthetic devices. In addition, better ways to learn about this disease and monitor outcome measurements will be reviewed. More difficult to recognize and treat diseases such as subchondral hip insufficiency fractures, bone marrow edema syndrome, and spontaneous osteonecrosis are also featured.

Download or read book Studies of the Development and Decay of the Human Frame written by Joseph Trueta and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the Development and Decay of the Human Frame provides information pertinent to the development of human skeleton. This book presents the study of the nature and reactions of the living tissues that constitute the skeleton. Organized into four parts encompassing 40 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the origin and characteristics of the chondroblast. This text then presents the investigations on the vascular characteristics of the blood supply in bone under variable experimental conditions. Other chapters consider the early descriptions of calcification, its role in osteogenesis, and the belief that calcification is a prerequisite to the laying down of bone. This book discusses as well the vascular anatomy of bone and the development of the nutrient arteries. The final chapter deals with the close origin and independence from the earliest stage of development of vessels and muscles on the one hand and bones and joint on the other. This book is a valuable resource for orthopedic surgeons.

Download or read book Musculoskeletal Research and Basic Science written by Feza Korkusuz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strong roots in basic science and research enhance clinical practice. This book is a rich source of information for basic scientists and translational researchers who focus on musculoskeletal tissues and for orthopedic and trauma surgeons seeking relevant up-to-date information on molecular biology and the mechanics of musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. The book opens by discussing biomaterials and biomechanics, with detailed attention to the biologic response to implants and biomaterials and to the surface modification of implants, an important emerging research field. Finite element analysis, mechanical testing standards and gait analysis are covered. All these chapters are strongly connected to clinical applications. After a section on imaging techniques, musculoskeletal tissues and their functions are addressed, the coverage including, for example, stem cells, molecules important for growth and repair, regeneration of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and peripheral nerves, and the genetic basis of orthopedic diseases. State-of-the-art applications such as platellet rich plasma were included. Imaging is a daily practice of scientists and medical doctors. Recent advancements in ultrasonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance, bone mineral density measurements using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and scintigraphy was covered following conventional radiography basics. Further extensive sections are devoted to pathology, oncogenesis and tumors, and pharmacology. Structure is always related with function. Surgical anatomy was therefore covered extensively in the last section.

Download or read book Vascular Biology of the Placenta written by Yuping Wang and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Proper vascular development in the placenta is fundamental to ensuring a healthy fetus and successful pregnancy. This book provides an up-to-date summary and synthesis of knowledge regarding placental vascular biology and discusses the relevance of this vascular bed to the functions of the human placenta.