Download or read book Body composition of parents and their infants written by Pontus Henriksson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Body composition in infancy may be of importance for later health. In particular, infant body composition may be relevant regarding obesity risk in childhood. Recent advances in body composition methodology using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) have provided possibilities to accurately measure body composition of infants in a quick and non-invasive manner. The aims of this thesis were to study associations of parental body composition using ADP, glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and infant genetics with infant body composition also using ADP. When using ADP in adults, a correction for the thoracic gas volume (TGV) is needed and TGV can be predicted using equations developed in nonpregnant adults. Thus another aim was to study the validity of using such equations during pregnancy. Parent couples were invited to this study at a routine visit to a maternity clinic in Linköping between September 2008 and October 2010. When the mother was in gestational week 32, parental body composition using ADP and maternal glucose homeostasis variables were assessed. Size and body composition of healthy, singleton and full term (? 37 gestational weeks) infants were measured at 1 and 12 weeks of age and a total of 211 infants were included in the studies. Weight and length at 1 year of age were reported by parents. Saliva samples were collected from the infants to obtain DNA for genotyping of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene. Body composition results calculated using measured and predicted TGV were compared in 27 women. Results showed that predicted TGV yields a very marginal overestimation (0.5 %) of fat mass (FM). Further, each kg increase in maternal and paternal fat-free mass (FFM) was associated with 15.6 g (P=0.001) and 9.1 g (P=0.007), respectively, more FFM in their 1-week old infants. FM of fathers was not related to infant FM. However, maternal FM was positively associated with FM of daughters (5.8 g/kg, P=0.007), but not of sons (P=0.79) at 1 week of age. Similarly, each standard deviation increase in maternal HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) was related to 52.7 more g of FM (P<0.001) in 1-weekold daughters, but no such relationship was found for sons (P=0.79). The number of risk alleles at the FTO locus rs9939609 was not associated with infant body mass index (BMI) or infant FM at 1 or 12 weeks of age. However, the number of risk alleles was positively associated (P?0.033) with infant length at 1 and 12 weeks of age, and the results suggested that this association was stronger in boys than in girls. The results presented in this thesis show that: i) The use of predicted TGV when applying ADP in gestational week 32 overestimated % FM only slightly. ii) Associations between parental and infant body composition are present early in life. Thus, parental FFM was positively related to FFM in 1-week-old infants. Furthermore, maternal FM and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were positively related to FM of 1-week-old daughters, but no such relationships were observed for sons. iii) The FTO genotype is not associated with infant body fatness at 1 or 12 weeks of age. However, the results suggested that the number of FTO risk alleles is positively associated with infant length, especially in boys. In conclusion, parental and genetic factors were associated with infant size and body composition and these relationships may be of importance for future body composition and health.
Download or read book Body Composition Assessment from Birth to Two Years of Age written by and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2013 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication was developed by an international group of experts as an integral part of the IAEAs efforts to contribute to the transfer of technology and capacity building in this field in order to assist Member States in their efforts to improve the nutrition and health of the most vulnerable population groups, infants and young children. The book provides practical information on the assessment of body composition from birth up to two years of age and is intended for nutritionists, pediatricians and other health professionals. The body composition assessment techniques included in this publication were selected as methodologies with the highest potential for standardization globally based on considerations such as access to equipment, cost and the training needs of staff and include stable isotope dilution for total body water assessment, as well as dual energy X ray absorptiometry and air displacement plethysmography. In addition, the importance of standardization of anthrop
Download or read book Body Composition Measurements in Infants and Children written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this publication is to familiarize pediatricians with methods of measuring body composition. The measurement of fat and fat-free mass in children will revolutionize the surveillance of the nutritional status of the child.
Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Download or read book Development of body composition and its relationship with physical activity in healthy Swedish children written by Hanna Henriksson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity according to the World Health Organization is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The proportion of childhood obesity is high both globally and in Sweden. This is of great concern since obese children tend to stay obese in adulthood. In order to develop strategies to prevent early childhood obesity more knowledge is needed regarding factors explaining why children become overweight and obese. Preventive strategies require accurate and easy-to-use methods to assess physical activity in response to energy expenditure as well as energy intake in young children, but such methods are largely lacking or have shown limited accuracy. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to describe the longitudinal development of body composition from 1 week to 4.5 years of age; 2) to study relationships between measures of body composition and the physical activity level (PAL) at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 3) to evaluate if heart rate recording and movement registration using Actiheart can capture variations in total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) at 1.5 and 3 years; 4) to evaluate the potential of a 7-day activity diary to assess PAL at 1.5 and 3 years of age; 5) to evaluate a new tool (TECH) using mobile phones for assessing energy intake at 3 years of age. Healthy children were investigated at 1 and 12 weeks (n=44), at 1.5 (n=44), 3 (n=33) and 4.5 (n=26) years of age. Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks and at 4.5 years of age. At 1.5 and 3 years, body composition, TEE, PAL and AEE were assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Heart rate and movements were recorded using Actiheart (four days) and physical activities were registered using the 7-day diary. Energy intake was assessed using TECH during one complete 24-hour period. Average percentage of total body fat (TBF) and average fat mass index (FMI) were higher (+3 to +81 %), while fat-free mass index (FFMI) was slightly lower (-2 to -9 %), in children in the study from 12 weeks until 4.5 years of age when compared to corresponding reference values. A relationship between TBF% and PAL was found both at 1.5 and 3 years of age. At 3 years, but not at 1.5 years, this could be explained by a relationship between PAL and FFMI. Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction (8%) of the variation in free-living TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE (6 %) at 3 years, above that explained by body composition variables. At 1.5 and 3 years of age, PAL estimated by means of the activity diary using metabolic equivalent (MET) values by Ainsworth et al. was not significantly different from reference PAL, but the accuracy for individuals was low. Average energy intake assessed by TECH was not significantly different from TEE. However, the accuracy for individuals was poor. The results of this thesis suggest that 1) The higher body fatness of the children in the study compared to the corresponding reference values may indicate the presence of a secular trend in body composition development characterized by a high body fatness. 2) Body fatness might counteract physical activity at 1.5 years of age when the capacity to perform physical activity is limited, but not at 3 years of age when such a capacity has been developed. 3) Actiheart recordings explained a significant but small fraction of the variation in TEE at 1.5 and 3 years, and in AEE at 3 years of age, above that explained by body composition variables. 4) The activity diary and TECH produced mean values in agreement with reference PAL and TEE, respectively, but the accuracy for individual children was low. In conclusion, the results of this thesis suggest the presence of a secular trend in body composition development in healthy Swedish children, from infancy up to 4.5 years of age, which is characterized by a high body fatness. Methods to assess physical activity and energy intake at 1.5 and 3 years of age provided some promising results on a group level, although further research is needed to increase the accuracy of these methods in individual children.
Download or read book Body Composition Assessment in Children and Adolescents written by T. Jürimäe and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulating and up to date, this book is a distinctive reference for pediatricians, nutritionists, anthropologists, exercise and sport scientists as well as sport medicine specialists.
Download or read book Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Maternal Weight on Body Composition and Weight of the Infant written by Holly Renee Hull and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study design. Seventy-two neonates (33 from normal mothers and 39 from overweight/obese mothers) of singleton pregnancies with normal glucose tolerance had their body weight and body composition assessed by air-displacement plethysmography.
Download or read book Obesity and Mental Disorders written by Susan L. McElroy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-01-13 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there are a limited amount of guidelines to help clinicians manage patients with obesity and comorbid mental disorders. This expertly written source fills the gap in the literature by providing a clear overview of obesity and its relationship to mental illness while reviewing the most recent methods to manage and control the condition wi
Download or read book Maternal Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers Children Families written by Susan Ward and published by F.A. Davis. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 1765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It offers the perfect balance of maternal and child nursing care with the right depth and breadth of coverage for students in today’s maternity/pediatric courses. A unique emphasis on optimizing outcomes, evidence-based practice, and research supports the goal of caring for women, families and children, not only in traditional hospital settings, but also wherever they live, work, study, or play. Clear, concise, and easy to follow, the content is organized around four major themes, holistic care, critical thinking, validating practice, and tools for care that help students to learn and apply the material.
Download or read book The Relative Contribution of Dietary Intake and Physical Activity to Body Composition in 15 19 Year Old Girls written by Brenda J. Pickett and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Obesity written by George A. Bray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With rates of obesity soaring to epidemic proportions, this reference strives to unearth new treatment regimens and pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Offering the latest recommendations and research from the most respected leaders in the field, the Second Edition compiles the most noteworthy studies on the evaluation and
Download or read book Handbook of Pediatric Nutrition written by Patricia Queen Samour and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2005 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Pediatric Nutrition, Third Edition, provides cutting edge research and resources on the most important pediatric issues and therapies, such as prenatal nutrition, weight management, vegetarian diets, diabetes guidelines, and transplant nutrition concerns. Commonly used by dietetic practitioners studying for their Pediatric Specialty exams, registered dietitians, dietetic technicians, nutritionists, pediatricians, nurses, and dietetic students, this book is considered the last word in pediatric nutrition.
Download or read book Child Development written by Laura Berk and published by Pearson Higher Education AU. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child Development
Download or read book Ebook Child Development An Introduction written by John Santrock and published by McGraw Hill. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate. Reliable. Engaging. These are just a few of the words used by adopters and reviewers of John Santrock's Child Development. The new topically-organised fourteenth edition continues with Santrock's highly contemporary tone and focus, featuring over 1,000 new citations. The popular Connections theme shows students the different aspects of children's development to help them better understand the concepts. Used by hundreds of thousands of students over thirteen editions, Santrock's proven learning goals system provides a clear roadmap to course mastery.
Download or read book Merenstein Gardner s Handbook of Neonatal Intensive Care written by Sandra Lee Gardner and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Merenstein & Gardner's Handbook of Neonatal Intensive Care, 8th Edition, is the leading resource for collaborative, interprofessional critical care of newborns. Co-authored by physicians and nurses, it offers concise, comprehensive coverage with a unique multidisciplinary approach and real-world perspective that make it an essential guide for both neonatal nurses and physicians. The 8th edition features the latest neonatal research, evidence, clinical guidelines, and practice recommendations - all in a practical quick-reference format for easy retrieval and review of key information. UNIQUE! Multidisciplinary author and contributor team consists of two physicians and two nurses, with each chapter written and reviewed by a physician-nurse team to ensure that information mirrors current, real-world practice in a neonatal intensive care unit. Critical Findings boxes and tables outline symptoms and diagnostic findings that require immediate attention, helping you prioritize assessment data and steps in initial care. UNIQUE! Clinical content highlighted in color allows you to quickly scan for information that directly affects patient care. UNIQUE! Parent Teaching boxes highlight relevant information to share with a patient's caregivers. Clinical images, graphs, and algorithms illustrate clinically relevant concepts in neonatal intensive care. Streamlined references include only the most current or classic sources. NEW! Coverage of the latest neonatal research, evidence, clinical guidelines, and practice recommendations addresses topics such as: women with chronic illnesses becoming pregnant; maternal obesity; hypotension and shock in premature infants; pain and sedation; dedicated feeding sets vs. IVs for safety; MRSA; pediatric stroke; autism screening; discharge coordination; and more. NEW! The latest AAP recommendations and guidelines for hypoglycemia, jaundice, herpes, respiratory syncytial virus, and neonatal transport team composition. EXPANDED! Revised Evidence-Based Clinical Practice chapter focuses on evidence-based practice and quality improvement and the role of qualitative research in EBP. EXPANDED! Updated Infection in the Neonate chapter features new GBS guidelines and CRP research.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 1919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive entry point into the existing literature on child development in the fields of psychology, genetics, neuroscience and sociology. Featuring 171 chapters, across 3 volumes, this work helps readers understand these developmental changes, when they occur, why they occur, how they occur, and the factors that influence development. Although some medical information is included, the emphasis lies mainly in normal growth, primarily from a psychological perspective. Comprehensive and in-depth scholarly articles cover theoretical, applied and basic science topics, providing an interdisciplinary approach. All articles have been completely updated, making this resource ideal for a wide range of readers, including advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and clinicians in developmental psychology, medicine, nursing, social science and early childhood education. Cutting-edge content that cover the period of neonates to age three Organized alphabetically by topic for ease of reference Provides in-depth scholarly articles, covering theoretical, applied and basic science Includes suggested readings at the end of each article
