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Book Blockchain Scalability and its Foundations in Distributed Systems

Download or read book Blockchain Scalability and its Foundations in Distributed Systems written by Vincent Gramoli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-04 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical new book offers the distributed-computing fundamental knowledge for individuals to connect with one another in a more secure and efficient way than with traditional blockchains. These new forms of secure, scalable blockchains promise to replace centralized institutions to connect individuals without the risks of user manipulations or data extortions. The techniques taught herein consist of enhancing blockchain security and making blockchain scalable by relying on the observation that no blockchain can exist without solving the consensus problem. First, the state-of-the-art of consensus protocols are analyzed, hence motivating the need for a new family of consensus protocols offering strong (deterministic) guarantees. Second, a didactic series of classic blockchain vulnerabilities is presented to illustrate the importance of novel designs better suited for the adversarial environment of open networks. These cutting-edge solutions are illustrated through the Redbelly blockchain design, which solves a different problem from the classic Byzantine consensus problem of 1982 and which delivers—in the modern blockchain context—high performance at large scale. Topics and features: Covers the combination of security and distributed computing to devise the new generation of blockchains Shows how blockchain has shed new light on decades of research in distributed systems Provides instruction on the security needed by the industry to use blockchains in production Explains didactically the necessary ingredients to make blockchain efficient at large scale Helps fill the gap of knowledge in the highly demanded blockchain sector This unique volume contains the building blocks to design secure and scalable blockchains. As such, it is dedicated to developers, application designers, and computer scientists and requires only a minimal undergraduate level in mathematics and computer science. Vincent Gramoli is an Australian Research Council Future Fellow at the University of Sydney and the Chief Technology Officer of Redbelly Network. He teaches the Blockchain Scalability course on Coursera.

Book Blockchain for Distributed Systems Security

Download or read book Blockchain for Distributed Systems Security written by Sachin Shetty and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AN ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO USING BLOCKCHAIN TO PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY, COST-SAVINGS, AND SECURITY TO DATA MANAGEMENT, DATA ANALYSIS, AND INFORMATION SHARING Blockchain for Distributed Systems Security contains a description of the properties that underpin the formal foundations of Blockchain technologies and explores the practical issues for deployment in cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. The authors—noted experts in the field—present security and privacy issues that must be addressed for Blockchain technologies to be adopted for civilian and military domains. The book covers a range of topics including data provenance in cloud storage, secure IoT models, auditing architecture, and empirical validation of permissioned Blockchain platforms. The book's security and privacy analysis helps with an understanding of the basics of Blockchain and it explores the quantifying impact of the new attack surfaces introduced by Blockchain technologies and platforms. In addition, the book contains relevant and current updates on the topic. This important resource: Provides an overview of Blockchain-based secure data management and storage for cloud and IoT Covers cutting-edge research findings on topics including invariant-based supply chain protection, information sharing framework, and trust worthy information federation Addresses security and privacy concerns in Blockchain in key areas, such as preventing digital currency miners from launching attacks against mining pools, empirical analysis of the attack surface of Blockchain, and more Written for researchers and experts in computer science and engineering, Blockchain for Distributed Systems Security contains the most recent information and academic research to provide an understanding of the application of Blockchain technology.

Book Mastering Blockchain

    Book Details:
  • Author : Imran Bashir
  • Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
  • Release : 2017-03-17
  • ISBN : 1787129292
  • Pages : 531 pages

Download or read book Mastering Blockchain written by Imran Bashir and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2017-03-17 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed ledgers, decentralization and smart contracts explained About This Book Get to grips with the underlying technical principles and implementations of blockchain. Build powerful applications using Ethereum to secure transactions and create smart contracts. Explore cryptography, mine cryptocurrencies, and solve scalability issues with this comprehensive guide. Who This Book Is For This book appeals to those who wish to build fast, highly secure, transactional applications. This book is for those who are familiar with the concept of blockchain and are comfortable with a programming language. What You Will Learn Master the theoretical and technical foundations of blockchain technology Fully comprehend the concept of decentralization, its impact and relationship with blockchain technology Experience how cryptography is used to secure data with practical examples Grasp the inner workings of blockchain and relevant mechanisms behind Bitcoin and alternative cryptocurrencies Understand theoretical foundations of smart contracts Identify and examine applications of blockchain technology outside of currencies Investigate alternate blockchain solutions including Hyperledger, Corda, and many more Explore research topics and future scope of blockchain technology In Detail Blockchain is a distributed database that enables permanent, transparent, and secure storage of data. The blockchain technology is the backbone of cryptocurrency – in fact, it's the shared public ledger upon which the entire Bitcoin network relies – and it's gaining popularity with people who work in finance, government, and the arts. Blockhchain technology uses cryptography to keep data secure. This book gives a detailed description of this leading technology and its implementation in the real world. This book begins with the technical foundations of blockchain, teaching you the fundamentals of cryptography and how it keeps data secure. You will learn about the mechanisms behind cryptocurrencies and how to develop applications using Ethereum, a decentralized virtual machine. You will explore different blockchain solutions and get an exclusive preview into Hyperledger, an upcoming blockchain solution from IBM and the Linux Foundation. You will also be shown how to implement blockchain beyond currencies, scability with blockchain, and the future scope of this fascinating and powerful technology. Style and approach This comprehensive guide allows you to build smart blockchain applications and explore the power of this database. The book will let you quickly brush up on the basics of the blockchain database, followed by advanced implementations of blockchain in currency, smart contracts, decentralization, and so on.

Book Principles of Blockchain Systems

Download or read book Principles of Blockchain Systems written by Antonio Fernández Anta and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2021-08-22 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to present the state of the art and provide technical focus on the latest advances in the foundations of blockchain systems. It is a collaborative work between specialists in cryptography, distributed systems, formal languages, and economics, and addresses hot topics in blockchains from a theoretical perspective: cryptographic primitives, consensus, formalization of blockchain properties, game theory applied to blockchains, and economical issues. This book reflects the expertise of the various authors, and is intended to benefit researchers, students, and engineers who seek an understanding of the theoretical foundations of blockchains.

Book Principles of Blockchain Systems

Download or read book Principles of Blockchain Systems written by Fernández Antonio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to present the state of the art and provide technical focus on the latest advances in the foundations of blockchain systems. It is a collaborative work between specialists in cryptography, distributed systems, formal languages, and economics, and addresses hot topics in blockchains from a theoretical perspective: cryptographic primitives, consensus, formalization of blockchain properties, game theory applied to blockchains, and economical issues. This book reflects the expertise of the various authors, and is intended to benefit researchers, students, and engineers who seek an understanding of the theoretical foundations of blockchains.

Book Blockchains

    Book Details:
  • Author : Sushmita Ruj
  • Publisher : Springer Nature
  • Release :
  • ISBN : 3031321464
  • Pages : 621 pages

Download or read book Blockchains written by Sushmita Ruj and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Blockchain Scalability

Download or read book Blockchain Scalability written by Zibin Zheng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-24 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on conducting a comprehensive analysis of blockchain scalability serving large-scale application scenarios, from the “what, why, how” three perspectives, layer by layer. Gathering the latest state-of-the-art research advances in the area of key issues and technologies for blockchain scalability, it also presents some special and exciting insights on the existing and future blockchain scalability. Despite blockchain’s merits of decentralization, immutability, non-repudiation, and traceability, the current blockchain has faced a serious scalability bottleneck. The scalability bottleneck problem is mainly manifested in two aspects: low-performance efficiency and difficulty in functional extension. First, the security and reliability of the blockchain system come from the fact that most nodes of the whole network participate in a distributed consensus to maintain the ledger. The high-cost consensus mechanism makes limited performance of blockchain, and there is a big gap between the actual large-scale application system. In addition, in order to ensure the security of a single blockchain system, data between different blockchain systems are relatively isolated, making it difficult for assets and data to interact. This book explores the scalability of blockchain in depth, proposes meaningful approaches to the problems mentioned above, and builds an original theoretical system of blockchain scalability. It describes the root of blockchain scalability problems, mainstream blockchain performance, the classification of existing scalability problem solutions, and some exciting sharding-based approaches. It also includes open issues and future directions to scale blockchain for complex practical application scenarios. As such, this book will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, engineers, and policymakers working in various areas related to blockchain scalability, which is also of great significance for understanding and solving the bottleneck of blockchain scalability and realizing the practical large-scale commercial application of blockchain.

Book Frameworks for Blockchain Standards  Tools  Testbeds  and Platforms

Download or read book Frameworks for Blockchain Standards Tools Testbeds and Platforms written by Ramakrishna, Yanamandra and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-01-17 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era of rapid technological advancements, blockchain technology has emerged as a groundbreaking solution for decentralized trust and immutable record-keeping. Frameworks for Blockchain Standards, Tools, Testbeds, and Platforms delves into the intricate world of blockchain, offering a comprehensive exploration of its various dimensions. At its core, blockchain disrupts the traditional notion of a centralized trusted authority, instead relying on multiple sources of trust and algorithmic consensus for validation. This handbook elucidates the transformative power of blockchain, examining its capacity to offer enduring records that resist modification by trusted or untrusted sources. The concept of mining, akin to decentralized peer review, is demystified in the context of the Bitcoin protocol, which paved the way for subsequent advancements like Ethereum—a decentralized, open-source platform enabling a diverse array of blockchain applications. This book serves as an indispensable guide for various stakeholders, including researchers, academicians, industry practitioners, policy makers, corporate executives, venture capitalists, and entrepreneurs. With its inclusive approach, the book also benefits those indirectly involved in blockchain and its applications. It is equally valuable for undergraduate, graduate, and research-level students seeking to explore the transformative potential of blockchain technology.

Book Blockchain

    Book Details:
  • Author : Kapil Sharma
  • Publisher : CRC Press
  • Release : 2023-02-28
  • ISBN : 1000830063
  • Pages : 207 pages

Download or read book Blockchain written by Kapil Sharma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blockchain: A Hype or a Hoax? fills a gap in the book market to provide material that is not only technical but also caters to business readers. This book was written to keep in mind various stakeholders and the current gap in blockchain education as well as use case implementation. This book reviews blockchain technology, discusses why proof of concept fails, offers examples of use cases that have been successful and that have failed and articulates a framework that should be used before deciding whether blockchain is the right technology for transformation. It uses strategic models and frameworks to assist organisations to see a fit score for their specific use cases. This book provides guidance on how to create a blockchain strategy and a business case to pitch for the budget. It also includes a case study to apply the knowledge on practical use cases for blockchain and a technical overview of most of the blockchain use cases in the market including crypto, non-fungible tokens, decentralised finance, and decentralised autonomous organisations, as well as financial and non-financial industry use cases. This book also provides a detailed overview of most of the mainstream blockchain products currently available in the market. It also offers guidance on how readers can best educate themselves on blockchain technology that is available through commercial and free resources. It concludes with a clear direction on selecting blockchain to solve real-life use cases that are best fit. A financial and non-financial value-adding framework is discussed throughout this book to assist business leaders, programme managers, product managers and information technology leaders to make strategic choices, and business cases and develop strategies for digital transformation through the use of blockchain. The distinctive feature of this book is the critical analysis of blockchain from a technology and business perspective. This is the first book to focus on business, technology and blockchain selection framework. The most unique feature of this book would be to apply Michael Porter’s competitive advantage strategy theory on blockchain use cases and their impact on companies. This book is aimed at technology students, technology professionals, blockchain and fintech consultant and business leaders. It will also be useful for readers who are building a business case to adopt blockchain into an organisation or are seeking to grow their knowledge of blockchain and improve their fintech strategy.

Book Mastering Blockchain

    Book Details:
  • Author : Imran Bashir
  • Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
  • Release : 2018-03-30
  • ISBN : 178883867X
  • Pages : 647 pages

Download or read book Mastering Blockchain written by Imran Bashir and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-03-30 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about cryptography and cryptocurrencies, so you can build highly secure, decentralized applications and conduct trusted in-app transactions. Key Features Get to grips with the underlying technical principles and implementations of blockchain Build powerful applications using Ethereum to secure transactions and create smart contracts Explore cryptography, mine cryptocurrencies, and solve scalability issues with this comprehensive guide Book Description A blockchain is a distributed ledger that is replicated across multiple nodes and enables immutable, transparent and cryptographically secure record-keeping of transactions. The blockchain technology is the backbone of cryptocurrencies, and it has applications in finance, government, media and almost all other industries. Mastering Blockchain, Second Edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to provide a detailed description of this leading technology and its implementation in the real world. This book begins with the technical foundations of blockchain technology, teaching you the fundamentals of distributed systems, cryptography and how it keeps data secure. You will learn about the mechanisms behind cryptocurrencies and how to develop applications using Ethereum, a decentralized virtual machine. You will also explore different other blockchain solutions and get an introduction to business blockchain frameworks under Hyperledger, a collaborative effort for the advancement of blockchain technologies hosted by the Linux Foundation. You will also be shown how to implement blockchain solutions beyond currencies, Internet of Things with blockchain, blockchain scalability, and the future scope of this fascinating and powerful technology. What you will learn Master the theoretical and technical foundations of the blockchain technology Understand the concept of decentralization, its impact, and its relationship with blockchain technology Master how cryptography is used to secure data - with practical examples Grasp the inner workings of blockchain and the mechanisms behind bitcoin and alternative cryptocurrencies Understand the theoretical foundations of smart contracts Learn how Ethereum blockchain works and how to develop decentralized applications using Solidity and relevant development frameworks Identify and examine applications of the blockchain technology - beyond currencies Investigate alternative blockchain solutions including Hyperledger, Corda, and many more Explore research topics and the future scope of blockchain technology Who this book is for This book will appeal to those who wish to build fast, highly secure, transactional applications. It targets people who are familiar with the concept of blockchain and are comfortable with a programming language.

Book Blockchain for Beginners

Download or read book Blockchain for Beginners written by Kurt Dugan and published by CRB Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Make Smart Investments by Understanding the Currencies of the Future Inside Beginners Guide to Blockchain Technology, you’ll discover a comprehensive introduction to the cryptocurrency revolution. From Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) to blockchain-based applications, the new online marketplace requires new knowledge and skills. With this guide, you can take simple steps toward cryptocurrency savvy. You’ll find simple and actionable definitions for common blockchain terms and concepts. This book includes simple, easy-to-understand descriptions of the inner workings of the currencies of tomorrow. You’ll discover: The Fundamentals of Blockchain Technology The Underlying Mechanisms of Blockchain Transactions Why Shared Distributed Ledgers Create New Opportunities The Function of Nodes in Cryptocurrency Networks The Process of Joining a Blockchain System How Blockchain Consensus Stabilizes Cryptocurrencies Before you make an investment decision about blockchain currencies, you need to know the facts. Educate yourself about distributed ledger technology, permissions, and transaction validation. Use this book to wrap your head around mathematical algorithms like Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, Proof of Burn, Multi-Signatures, and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance. You’ll even learn about blockchain forks – and how currency systems identify and resolve them. With this book, you can learn the ins and outs of blockchain functionality before making your cryptocurrency investing decisions. Don’t miss out on this valuable opportunity to make the most of the blockchain financial revolution. Get your copy of Beginners Guide to Blockchain Technology today! It’s fast and easy to order – Simple scroll up and click the BUY NOW WITH ONE CLICK button on the right-hand side of your screen.

Book Blockchain Technology and Applications

Download or read book Blockchain Technology and Applications written by Pethuru Raj and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-16 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blockchain is emerging as a powerful technology, which has attracted the wider attention of all businesses across the globe. In addition to financial businesses, IT companies and business organizations are keenly analyzing and adapting this technology for improving business processes. Security is the primary enterprise application. There are other crucial applications that include creating decentralized applications and smart contracts, which are being touted as the key differentiator of this pioneering technology. The power of any technology lies in its ecosystem. Product and tool vendors are building and releasing a variety of versatile and robust toolsets and platforms in order to speed up and simplify blockchain application development, deployment and management. There are other infrastructure-related advancements in order to streamline blockchain adoption. Cloud computing, big data analytics, machine and deep learning algorithm, and connected and embedded devices all are driving blockchain application development and deployment. Blockchain Technology and Applications illustrates how blockchain is being sustained through a host of platforms, programming languages, and enabling tools. It examines: Data confidential, integrity, and authentication Distributed consensus protocols and algorithms Blockchain systems design criteria and systems interoperability and scalability Integration with other technologies including cloud and big data It also details how blockchain is being blended with cloud computing, big data analytics and IoT across all industry verticals. The book gives readers insight into how this path-breaking technology can be a value addition in several business domains ranging from healthcare, financial services, government, supply chain and retail.

Book From Traditional Fault Tolerance to Blockchain

Download or read book From Traditional Fault Tolerance to Blockchain written by Wenbing Zhao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most essential techniques for designing and building dependable distributed systems, from traditional fault tolerance to the blockchain technology. Topics include checkpointing and logging, recovery-orientated computing, replication, distributed consensus, Byzantine fault tolerance, as well as blockchain. This book intentionally includes traditional fault tolerance techniques so that readers can appreciate better the huge benefits brought by the blockchain technology and why it has been touted as a disruptive technology, some even regard it at the same level of the Internet. This book also expresses a grave concern on using traditional consensus algorithms in blockchain because with the limited scalability of such algorithms, the primary benefits of using blockchain in the first place, such as decentralization and immutability, could be easily lost under cyberattacks.

Book Distributed Computing to Blockchain

Download or read book Distributed Computing to Blockchain written by Rajiv Pandey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-04-08 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed Computing to Blockchain: Architecture, Technology, and Applications provides researchers, computer scientists, and data scientists with a comprehensive and applied reference covering the evolution of distributed systems computing into blockchain and associated systems. Divided into three major sections, the book explores the basic topics in the blockchain space extending from distributed systems architecture, distributed ledger, decentralized web to introductory aspects of cryptoeconomics (cryptography and economics) of decentralized applications. The book further explores advanced concepts such as smart contracts; distributed token mining, initial coin offerings; proof of work; public, private, and other blockchains; cryptography; security; and blockchains. The book goes on to review byzantine fault tolerance, distributed ledgers versus blockchains, and blockchain protocols. The final section covers multiple use cases and applications of distributed computing and the future directions for blockchains. Presented as a focused reference handbook describing the evolution of distributed systems, blockchain, and consensus algorithms emphasizing the architectural and functional aspects Integrates the various concepts of cryptography in blockchain and further extends to blockchain forensics Provides insight and detailed Interpretation of algorithms for consensus in blockchains

Book Advanced Blockchain Development

Download or read book Advanced Blockchain Development written by Imran Bashir and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore distributed ledger technology, decentralization, and smart contracts and develop real-time decentralized applications with Ethereum and Solidity Key FeaturesGet to grips with the underlying technical principles and implementations of blockchainBuild powerful applications using Ethereum to secure transactions and create smart contractsGain advanced insights into cryptography and cryptocurrenciesBook Description Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger with applications in industries such as finance, government, and media. This Learning Path is your guide to building blockchain networks using Ethereum, JavaScript, and Solidity. You will get started by understanding the technical foundations of blockchain technology, including distributed systems, cryptography and how this digital ledger keeps data secure. Further into the chapters, you’ll gain insights into developing applications using Ethereum and Hyperledger. As you build on your knowledge of Ether security, mining , smart contracts, and Solidity, you’ll learn how to create robust and secure applications that run exactly as programmed without being affected by fraud, censorship, or third-party interference. Toward the concluding chapters, you’ll explore how blockchain solutions can be implemented in applications such as IoT apps, in addition to its use in currencies. The Learning Path will also highlight how you can increase blockchain scalability and even discusses the future scope of this fascinating and powerful technology. By the end of this Learning Path, you'll be equipped with the skills you need to tackle pain points encountered in the blockchain life cycle and confidently design and deploy decentralized applications. This Learning Path includes content from the following Packt products: Mastering Blockchain - Second Edition by Imran BashirBuilding Blockchain Projects by Narayan PrustyWhat you will learnUnderstand why decentralized applications are importantDiscover the mechanisms behind bitcoin and alternative cryptocurrenciesMaster how cryptography is used to secure data with the help of examplesMaintain, monitor, and manage your blockchain solutionsCreate Ethereum walletsExplore research topics and the future scope of blockchain technologyWho this book is for This Learning Path is designed for blockchain developers who want to build decentralized applications and smart contracts from scratch using Hyperledger. Basic familiarity with any programming language will be useful to get started with this Learning Path.

Book Blockchains

    Book Details:
  • Author : Pingcheng Ruan
  • Publisher : Springer Nature
  • Release : 2022-12-04
  • ISBN : 3031139798
  • Pages : 131 pages

Download or read book Blockchains written by Pingcheng Ruan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-04 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes readers through the sensational history of blockchains and their potential to revolutionize database systems of the future. In order to demystify blockchains, the book capitalizes on decades of research and field testing of existing database and distributed systems and applies these familiar concepts to the novel blockchain system. It then utilizes this framework to explore the essential block platform underpinning blockchains, which is often misunderstood as a specific attribute of cryptocurrencies rather than the core of the decentralized system independent of application. The book explores the nature of these decentralized systems, which have no single owner and build robustness through a multitude of stakeholder contributions. In this way, blockchains can build trust into existing systems and thus present attractive solutions for various domains across both academia and industry. Despite this, high-impact and real-world applications of blockchain have yet to be realized outside of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. The book establishes how this new data system, if properly applied, can disrupt the sector in much the same way databases did so many years ago. The book explores the fundamental technical limitations that may be preventing blockchain from realizing this potential and how to overcome or mitigate them. Readers who are completely new to blockchains will find this book to be a comprehensive survey of the state of the art in blockchain technology. Readers with some experience of blockchains, for example through developing cryptocurrencies, will likely find the book’s database perspective enlightening. Finally, researchers already working with blockchain will learn to identify existing gaps in the design space and explore potential solutions for creating the next generation of blockchain systems.

Book Blockchain Platforms

    Book Details:
  • Author : Hijfte Stijn Van
  • Publisher : Springer Nature
  • Release : 2022-06-01
  • ISBN : 3031018044
  • Pages : 230 pages

Download or read book Blockchain Platforms written by Hijfte Stijn Van and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces all the technical features that make up blockchain technology today. It starts with a thorough explanation of all technological concepts necessary to understand any discussions related to distributed ledgers and a short history of earlier implementations. It then discusses in detail how the Bitcoin network looks and what changes are coming in the near future, together with a range of altcoins that were created on the same base code. To get an even better idea, the book shortly explores how Bitcoin might be forked before going into detail on the Ethereum network and cryptocurrencies running on top of the network, smart contracts, and more. The book introduces the Hyperledger foundation and the tools offered to create private blockchain solutions. For those willing, it investigates directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and several of its implementations, which could solve several of the problems other blockchain networks are still dealing with to this day. In Chapter 4, readers can find an overview of blockchain networks that can be used to build solutions of their own and the tools that can help them in the process.