Download or read book Blast Overpressure Studies with Animals and Man written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army needs realistic safe limits for exposure to impulse noise produced by heavy weapons. Impulse noise limits, based on data from small arms, may be overly conservative. In order to define new limits for heavy weapons, this systematic 5-year study of the effects of high-intensity impulse noise on human volunteers was undertaken. The number of impulses, the peak pressure levels, and spectral distributions of energy of heavy weapon-like impulses were varied systematically. Five major groups of 273 volunteers were given a series of exposures to one of three impulse types and to three types of hearing protection. The impulse spectrum was varied by changing the distance between the volunteer and an explosive detonation. The peak pressure level was varied in 3-dB steps by changing the weight of the explosive charge. The number of impulses per day was 6, 12, 25, 50, or 100. Volunteers wore hearing protection for all exposures. After each exposure, the amount of TTS, if any, was determined. Each volunteer started with an exposure of six impulses at the lowest intensity. If the TTS was less than 15 dB, the subject received six impulses at the next higher level the next day. Noise induced hearing loss, Temporary threshold shift of hearing(TTS), RA III, Volunteers.
Download or read book Blast Overpressure Studies with Animals and Man Task Order 1 Firing from a Bunker Simulator Study Task Order 4 Nonlinear Plug Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To satisfy the Army's need for realistic safe limits for heavy weapon noise while wearing hearing protection, a 2-1/2 year study was undertaken. Using active duty military volunteers, 64 subjects established that the auditory system could be adequately protected with the RACAL(registered) muff from one to three exposures of the reverberant waveforms obtained from a rocket launcher out of an enclosure. Thus, nonauditory considerations set the exposure limits for this type of waveform. This research was accomplished under Task Order 1. Using 27 subjects, two types of nonlinear (increasing attenuation with level) plugs type of hearing protection were evaluated using 6 to 100 exposures of a freefield waveform of 1.5-ms duration. With the limited number of subjects, neither plug was proven adequate to protect the auditory system from this type of waveform. Several subjects had a temporary threshold shift (TTS) of their hearing of more than 25 dB. The compressible foam plug, did appear to provide adequate protection up the auditory limits for this waveform. This research was accomplished under Task Order 4.
Download or read book Blast Overpressure Studies with Animals and Man Nonauditory Damage Risk Assessment for Simulated 155mm Self Propelled Howitzer Blast written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to establish the nonauditory injury subthreshold in a simulated muzzle blast environment like that produced when tiring an M109 155 mm self-propelled howitzer (SPH) with one or more hatches open. An explosively driven shock tube, the hull of an M108 SPH, and a six-plate reflector system were used to produce the required muzzle blast signature. Using as many as 40 anesthetized sheep for each exposure condition, safe no-injury levels were established with an occasional minor upper respiratory tract lesion. These levels were 24 kPa for 6 blasts and 20 kPa for 25 to 100 blasts.
Download or read book The Overpressure duration Relationship and Lethality in Small Animals written by Donald R. Richmond and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 993 mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits were exposed to sharp-rising overpressures of various short durations. They were mounted on a concrete pad above which high-explosive charges, ranging in weight from 0.50 oz to 64 lbs, were detonated. Pressure-time measurements were obtained with pencil-type and shock-tube piezo-electric gauges on the pad directly beneath the charges. The duration of the blast waves ranged from 0.40 msec to 6.8 msec. The LD-50 pressures were calculated for each species at the different pulse durations. In general, the pressures required to produce 50-percent lethality rose at the shorter durations. Combining the results of this study with those from previous shock-tube investigations made it possible to define the tolerance of four small-animal species to sharply rising overpressures as a function of pulse duration.
Download or read book Air Blast Studies with Animals II written by R. S. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The damage to be expected in man from exposure to long-duration blasts is important because of the threat of fission or fusion bombs, and is not well known. As a result of previous work, the large shock tube at the Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, was judged suitable, after modification, for obtaining additional information. The velocities of goats (under Nembutal) and a dummy blown from the shock tube were measured under various conditions. At a given tube stage and overpressure, the major variable determining the velocity was the initial orientation of the goat or dummy. The distance thrown was related in a fairly regular way to the velocity.
Download or read book Military Quantitative Physiology written by Karl Friedl and published by Department of the Army. This book was released on 2012 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price Few human activities demand or deserve as much attention of the citizens of a nation as the array of man-made and natural "environmental" threats faced by the soldiers and other warriors defending the nation - those that pose the risk of disease, injury, combat wounds, and even death. This book is the Army's first detailing research in computational physiology models and highlighting pivotal research. It outlines the extent to which basic and applied biomedical scientists, clinicians, modelers, and others stribe to understand the extent of these threats, and provide intellectual and materiel options to mitigate these risks. This book summarizes major Army research efforts to quantify and model military relevant physiology. These chapters highlight the translation of this research into useful predictive tools. The tools are of importance to medical planners, materiel developers, commanders, and in many cases, every soldier. These chapters detail the experimental basis for many of the predictive tools that are currently in use. This book is written for military clinicians, and medical researchers who may be reasonably expected to explain some of the background, as well as those who will extend the research. Many people will find this book interesting because it details research on topics that affect everyone in everyday life, including how we sleep, eat, and exercise, as well as more specific topics such as the effects of caffeine on performance, risks associated with laser pointers, and even Army blast models that have influenced safety thresholds for car airbag deployments.
Download or read book Direct Air Blast Exposure Effects in Animals Operation Upshot Knothole Project 4 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project 4.2 was designed to study direct (primary) air blast injury, in animals, from an atomic weapon in the range of 20 to 50 psi under circumstances affording protection against missiles, thermal and ionizing radiation and to estimate the probable direct air blast hazard in man. The pressure levels at which atomic weapons direct air blast injuries occur will determine, to a large extent, the number of blast casualties likely to be encountered. It is probable that fatal overpressures are not reached until well within the range at which indirect (secondary) blast, thermal and ionizing radiation are practically certain to prove fatal. Only in special situations affording partial protection from other injuries are blast injuries likely to be of practical importance. Two animal species of widely different body weights (700 rats and 56 dogs) were exposed, together with air pressure recorders, in aluminum cylinders, covered by sandbags and dirt but open at both ends, at seven stations distributed within the intended overpressure range of 20 to 50 psi of Shot 10"About 200 rats were likewise exposed in Shot 9. Unfortunately, the destructive effect of the air blast of Shot 10 was much greater than anticipated. Many of the exposure cylinders were displaced and their contents destroyed. Only a partial recovery of the animals was possible due to the excessive radioactive contamination which greatly limited the time in the area. Most of the animals were dead upon recovery. Those living were in a state of severe shock. Autopsy findings showed remarkably few traumatic lesions and lung hemorrhages in spite of the rough treatment and high overpressure to which they were subjected. The rats recovered from Shot 9 were exposed to a recorded pressure of 18 to 2k psi. The autopsy findings showed moderate lung hemorrhage in most of the animals undoubtedly due to direct air blast injury. The findings were typical of those seen following exposure to air blast from HE or in the shock tube. The agreement between the estimated pressures and the recorded pressures in the containers were good in some instances but not in others. Discounting the initial pressure rise, it was thought that the records represent the pressure changes in the exposure containers. The individual records exhibited rather wide variations in recorded pressures indicating a complex pressure field. The attempt to compare levels of direct air blast in small and large animals, and thereby to extrapolate to man, was not accomplished due to the lack of statistically reliable data on the dogs. The lapse of time between the death of the dogs and autopsy reduced the interpretable findings below the level required for statistical significance. Laboratory studies are planned to evaluate the relative importance of the several blast wave parameters in the production of injury, Recommendations for future field test studies will depend upon the outcome of this laboratory work.
Download or read book Military Quantitative Physiology Problems and Concepts in Military Operational Medicine written by The Borden Institute, U.S. Army Medical Department and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few human activities demand or deserve as much attention of the citizens of a nation as the array of man-made and natural “environmental” threats faced by the soldiers and other warriors defending the nation – those that pose the risk of disease, injury, combat wounds, and even death. This book is the Army’s first detailing research in computational physiology models and highlighting pivotal research. It outlines the extent to which basic and applied biomedical scientists, clinicians, modelers, and others strive to understand the extent of these threats, and provide intellectual and materiel options to mitigate these risks. This book summarizes major Army research efforts to quantify and model military relevant physiology. These chapters highlight the translation of this research into useful predictive tools. The tools are of importance to medical planners, materiel developers, commanders, and in many cases, every soldier. These chapters detail the experimental basis for many of the predictive tools that are currently in use. This book is written for military clinicians, and medical researchers who may be reasonably expected to explain some of the background, as well as those who will extend the research. Many people will find this book interesting because it details research on topics that affect everyone in everyday life, including how we sleep, eat, and exercise, as well as more specific topics such as the effects of caffeine on performance, risks associated with laser pointers, and even Army blast models that have influenced safety thresholds for car airbag deployments.
Download or read book Neurotrauma written by Raj K. Narayan and published by McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference is a comprehensive work in the field of neurotrauma and critical care. It incorporates the fields of head injury, spinal injury and basic neurotrauma research into one source. The major emphasis is on the treatment of patients with head and spinal cord injury, including the management of all other problems that bear upon the care of these patients.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concussion and Traumatic Encephalopathy written by Jeff Victoroff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers will discover how very recent scientific advances have overthrown a century of dogma about concussive brain injury.
Download or read book A Tentative Estimation of Man s Tolerance to Overpressures from Air Blast written by Donald R. Richmond and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tentative estimates of the sharp-rising overpressures as a function of duration which represent a lethal hazard to the 70-kg animal 1, 50 and 99 per cent of the time were presented. The predictions were based on interspecies correlations and extrapolations encompassing blast-tolerance data for six mammalian species. The tentative application of the data to indicate human blast tolerance was discussed and relevant uncertainties in the estimates were emphasized. It was also pointed out that biologic tolerance would be different for air-blast pulses having non-ideal wave forms frequently associated with various geometries of exposure. Selected pathophysiological information pertinent to the biological response following blast exposure was given; namely survival time and selected postshot observations of dogs and goats.
Download or read book The Skull written by Jeffrey A Pike and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 50,000 Americans die from brain injuries annually, with approximately half of all Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) being transportation-related. TBI is a critical and ever-evolving safety topic, with equally important components of injury prevention, consequences, and treatment. This book is part of a 3-volume set which presents a comprehensive look at recent head injury research and focuses on head impact injuries and features 13 technical papers. These publications are primarily related to head impact and the resulting injury to the outside of the head – the skin, the bones of the skull, and sensory organs. Editor Jeffrey A. Pike has selected the most relevant technical papers spanning the early 1990s through the beginning of 2011, including several older papers which provide an essential historical perspective. Each volume in the series also includes a table of references arranged by topic and a new chapter tying together anatomy, injury, and injury mechanism topics. Buy the Set and Save! Head Injury Biomechanics The three-volume set consists of these individual volumes: Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 1--The Skull Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 2--The Brain Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 3--Mitigation
Download or read book Air Bag Development and Performance written by Richard W Kent and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2003-03-03 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Follow the fascinating development of the automotive air bag - from its introduction to the latest advances - in this comprehensive collection of papers from both SAE and other professional sources, complete with informative diagrams, graphics, and charts. Air Bag Development and Performance: New Perspectives from Industry, Government and Academia begins with five chapters - one each from Editor Richard Kent and the collection's four Associate Editors - offering the authors' unique perspectives on the history, development, or performance of these important safety devices. Approximately 50 selected SAE, government, and other papers are also provided in their entirety, along with the titles and abstracts of about 90 other papers (listed as recommended reading) and the titles of some 600 related papers for further reference (included in a bibliography at the end of the book).
Download or read book Brain Neurotrauma written by Firas H. Kobeissy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.
Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medical Response to Terrorism written by Daniel C. Keyes and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2005 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference provides all the information emergency departments and personnel need to prepare for and respond to terrorist events. The first section covers all agents potentially used in terrorist attacks—chemical, biologic, toxicologic, nuclear, and explosive—in a systematic format that includes background, triage, decontamination, signs and symptoms, medical management, personnel protection, and guidelines for notifying public health networks. Algorithms show when to suspect and how to recognize exposure and detail signs and symptoms and management protocols. The second section focuses on all-hazards preparedness for hospitals, communities, emergency medical services, and the media, and includes an important chapter on simulation of disasters.
