Download or read book Timber Damage by Black Bears written by Dale L. Nolte and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes alternative approaches to controlling the damage black bears cause during the spring when they strip bark to eat the newly formed wood underneath. One bear might strip as many as 70 trees in a day. The trees will be damaged and may be killed if the bark is stripped all the way around the tree, girdling it. Bears appear to strip the most vigorous trees, preferring stands that have been thinned, or those where urea fertilizer has been applied. Bears also appear to prefer trees with a high concentration of sugars relative to the concentration of terpenes. Pruning decreases the sugar-to-terpene ratio, reducing the likelihood that trees will be stripped by bears. Bears generally quit stripping trees once other foods become available during the late spring or early summer. One approach to reducing damage has been to provide supplemental feed (pellets resembling dog food) in stands being damaged by bears. In one study, damage was just one-fifth as much in stands with feeders as in stands without feeders. Killing bears in areas where trees are being stripped can also reduce damage. Other approaches, such as relocation, contraception or sterilization, or repellents, are not generally practical for protecting forest plantations.

Download or read book Black Bear Tree Damage written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Black Bear Damage on Trees in the Pacific Northwest of the USA written by Nancy Schaarschmidt and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigaton of Black Bear Damage to Forest Stands in Western Washington written by William B. Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth of Bear Damaged Trees in a Mixed Plantation of Douglas Fir and Red Alder written by U S Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incidence and effects of tree damage by black bear (Ursus americanus altifrontalis) in a 50-year-old, coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) plantation are described. Bears girdled or partially girdled 35 dominant or codominant Douglas-fir trees per acre, but only in that portion of the plantation that had been interplanted at age 4 with red alder (Alnus rubra Bong). No red alder were damaged. Bears damaged Douglas-fir in this stand on at least four occasions between 1929 (planting) and 1991. Fully girdled Douglas-fir (six per acre in 1976) died within 2 to 14 years. Of the 29 per acre partially girdled trees, 17 percent died in the 16 years of observation, compared to 9 percent of nondamaged trees. Crosssectional growth of surviving damaged trees exceeded that of matched, nondamaged trees by about 30 percent at three heights on the bole: 6 ft, 4.5 ft, and immediately above the damaged area. Death of six large Douglas-fir trees per acre reduced live stand volume of this species for about 6 years after bear damage until growth of the remaining trees compensated for the volume lost to mortality. Confirmation of the stimulating effects of bear damage on subsequent tree growth is needed at other locations.

Download or read book Black Bear Damage to Forest Trees in Northwest Oregon 1988 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Black Bear Damage to Regenerating Conifers in Northwestern California written by Dennis A. Hosack and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Black Bear Damage to Forest Trees in Northwest Oregon written by Alan Kanaskie and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth of Bear damaged Trees in a Mixed Plantation of Douglas fir and Red Alder written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Co existing with Black Bears in Massachusetts written by Sandra Andrea Robinson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Black Bear of Washington written by Richard J. Poelker and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This bulletin serves a two-fold purpose. First, it is a final report of the Black Bear Study, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration (Pittman-Robertson) Project W-71-R. This is a cooperative study begun in 1963 by state, federal and private agencies to investigate the problem of black bear damage to coniferous forests and gain new information with regard to black bear biology and populations. The project became inactive in 1969 with the death of the principal investigator. The project was reactivated in 1973 to allow for consolidation and publication of study findings. The second purpose is to provide persons concerned with black bear a useful and informative guide. Basic information concerning black bear damage to coniferous forests, biology, population and a summary of past and current management in Washington is provided. Hopefully, with this bulletin, the man in the field, whether a forester, a state wildlife agent or other, can find answers to the numerous questions and problems encountered"--Preface.

Download or read book Black Bear Damage and Control in Massachusetts written by James E. Cardoza and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behavioral Ecology of Black Bear Damage to Conifer Stands written by Gail Harper Collins and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bear Depredation written by California. Legislature. Assembly. Interim Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Feeding Damage by Black Bears in Pack Forest Washington written by Daniela Görner and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Examining Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Bear Damage on Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation written by Shannon M. Mendia and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic loss due to tree damage by black bears (Ursus americanus) on managed timberlands has been valued at several million dollars annually in the Pacific Northwest. While bear damage to trees may negatively affect timber production, it also alters forest structure and habitat that may contribute to forest wildlife diversity. I studied the relationship between bear damage to coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) trees and response of cavity nesting birds on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation. I measured disservices from bear damage by calculating current and future timber revenue loss, and ecosystem services by calculating forest structural complexity, abundance and diversity of cavity nesting birds, and woodpecker activity. Bear damage negatively affected tree growth and estimated lumber recovery. Forest structural complexity was positively correlated with bear damage, and cavity nester abundance and woodpecker foraging activity were positively correlated to forest structural complexity and bear damage. Pileated woodpeckers and red-breasted sapsuckers used bear damaged trees out of proportion to their availability, and pileated woodpeckers selected for more structurally complex sample units. Information from this study advances our understanding of the potential for bear foraging to negatively affect economic revenue and the trade-offs which help to create habitat conditions favoring other important wildlife species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate ecosystem services for multiple species in relation to disservices from another species. Understanding the costs and benefits of bear damage can help guide management decisions vital to forest managers both on and off tribal lands.

Download or read book Bears of the World written by Vincenzo Penteriani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bears have fascinated people since ancient times. The relationship between bears and humans dates back thousands of years, during which time we have also competed with bears for shelter and food. In modern times, bears have come under pressure through encroachment on their habitats, climate change, and illegal trade in their body parts, including the Asian bile bear market. The IUCN lists six bears as vulnerable or endangered, and even the least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing. Covering all bears species worldwide, this beautifully illustrated volume brings together the contributions of 200 international bear experts on the ecology, conservation status, and management of the Ursidae family. It reveals the fascinating long history of interactions between humans and bears and the threats affecting these charismatic species.