Download or read book Biota and Persistence of Retention Trees in Relation to the Characteristics of the Trees and Cut Areas written by Raul Rosenvald and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth of Advance Regeneration of Norway Spruce After Clearcut written by Marek Metslaid and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Size and Age Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function written by Frederick C. Meinzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of trees live and grow all around us, and we all recognize the vital role they play in the world’s ecosystems. Publicity campaigns exhort us to plant yet more. Yet until recently comparatively little was known about the root causes of the physical changes that attend their growth. Since trees typically increase in size by three to four orders of magnitude in their journey to maturity, this gap in our knowledge has been a crucial issue to address. Here at last is a synthesis of the current state of our knowledge about both the causes and consequences of ontogenetic changes in key features of tree structure and function. During their ontogeny, trees undergo numerous changes in their physiological function, the structure and mechanical properties of their wood, and overall architecture and allometry. This book examines the central interplay between these changes and tree size and age. It also explores the impact these changes can have, at the level of the individual tree, on the emerging characteristics of forest ecosystems at various stages of their development. The analysis offers an explanation for the importance of discriminating between the varied physical properties arising from the nexus of size and age, as well as highlighting the implications these ontogenetic changes have for commercial forestry and climate change. This important and timely summation of our knowledge base in this area, written by highly respected researchers, will be of huge interest, not only to researchers, but also to forest managers and silviculturists.
Download or read book Green tree Retention and Ectomycorrhiza Legacies written by Christopher A. Stockdale and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies are part of the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study, a program researching the effects of different levels and patterns of green-tree retention on ecological, economic, and social phenomena. We restricted our studies to the 15% basal area, evenly dispersed retention treatment. Our objectives were, first, to quantify the change in ectomycorrhiza (EM) type richness after treatment. Second, to determine if changes in EM type richness depended on proximity to retention trees by quantifying EM type richness and root density at four distance classes from retention trees. Third, to determine the relationship between photosynthetic potential of retention trees (measured by cross-sectional sapwood area), root density, and EM type richness. Finally, to determine the effects of retention-tree productivity, root density, and distance from host tree on EM community structure. Three sites (blocks) of the DEMO study were used: Hamilton Buttes, Dog Prairie, and Watson Falls. Pretreatment samples were taken between one and three years before thinning. Post-treatment samples were collected within two years of the thinning. Ectomycorrhizae were sampled using 5.5 cm diameter by 15 cm deep soil cores and identified by morphotyping techniques. We found a significant reduction in EM type richness as a result of the thinning treatment. Within the dripline of retention trees, however, there was no significant decline in the number of EM types. In areas removed from trees, there was up to a 50% decline in the mean number of EM types per soil core. Samples within the dripline and at the edge of the dripline (host-tree samples) had no significant differences in EM type richness or community structure when compared to each other. When host-tree samples were compared to soil cores taken just outside the dripline and in open areas, significantly lower EM type richness was detected, as was a shift in overall community structure. Ectomycorrhiza type richness was found to be significantly and positively correlated with fine-root tip density. Sapwood area of retention trees had no significant correlations with root density, EM type richness, or community structure. The community structure of EM, in terms of relative abundance, most closely followed the log-normal distribution. In the outside dripline soil cores, there were very few rare types observed, suggesting that the probability of an EM type being lost was linked with its pre-disturbance abundance and the loss of the host tree. Cenococcum geophilum was the most abundant EM type, accounting for 18.7% of EM tips, and occurring in nearly all samples. Retention trees serve as important refugia for EM. This biological legacy from the pre-disturbance stand may be important for recolonization of EM onto new seedlings. For those EM that are lost from these treatment units, early recolonization may occur from the spore bank or wind dispersal. Over time, hypogeous fruiting species and those adapted to conditions in a mature forest may re-colonize from neighboring forest stands, provided the distance to the edge of reserve areas is not too great for effective spore dispersal.
Download or read book Experimental Design and Analysis for Tree Improvement written by ER Williams and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2002-05-16 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental Design and Analysis for Tree Improvement provides a set of practical procedures to follow when planning, designing and analysing tree improvement trials. Using many fully-worked examples, it outlines how to: design field, glasshouse and laboratory trials; efficiently collect data and construct electronic data files; pre-process data, screening for data quality and outliers; analyse data from single and across-site trials using either GenStat or SAS; and interpret the results from statistical analyses. The authors address the many practical issues often faced in forest tree improvement trials and describe techniques that will give conclusive results with the minimum expense. The techniques provided are applicable to the improvement of not only trees, but to crops in general. Building on the success of the first edition, this edition includes commercially-available software packages for design generation (CycDesigN) and data pre-processing and automated generation of programs for statistical analysis (DataPlus). For analysis, it provides both GenStat and SAS programs as generated by DataPlus.
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology written by Kelvin S.-H. Peh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook provides a unique resource covering all aspects of forest ecology from a global perspective. It covers both natural and managed forests, from boreal, temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world. The book is divided into seven parts, addressing the following themes: forest types forest dynamics forest flora and fauna energy and nutrients forest conservation and management forests and climate change human impacts on forest ecology. While each chapter can stand alone as a suitable resource for a lecture or seminar, the complete book provides an essential reference text for a wide range of students of ecology, environmental science, forestry, geography and natural resource management. Contributors include leading authorities from all parts of the world.
Download or read book The Tree Habit in Land Plants written by Volker Mosbrugger and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beetle Conservation written by T.R. New and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-30 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Journal of Insect Conservation is the first to be dedicated entirely to beetles. It contains a number of papers to demonstrate the variety and scope of problems and conservation concerns that surround these insects. A short introductory perspective is followed by eight original contributions, in which beetles from many parts of the world are considered, and in which some major threats to their wellbeing are evaluated.
Download or read book Residual Trees as Biological Legacies written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2015-10 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Silviculture written by Brian J. Palik and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical silviculture has often emphasized timber models, fundamentally based in production agriculture. This books presents silvicultural methods based in natural forest models—models that emulate natural disturbances and development processes, sustain biological legacies, and allow time to take its course in shaping stands. These methods, dubbed “ecological forestry,” have been successfully implemented by foresters for decades managing a wide variety of forestlands. Ecological silvicultural strategies protect threatened and rare species, sustain biological diversity, and provide habitat for game and non-game species, all while providing timber in profitable ways.
Download or read book Tropical Trees and Forests written by F. Halle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Saproxylic Beetles written by Jörn Buse and published by Andersen Press (UK). This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The group of saproxylic beetles consists of thousands of different species exhibiting a rich variety of form as well as varied life-cycle strategies. They play an important role in decomposition processes and thus for nutrient-cycling in natural ecosystems. Based on contributions given at the conference this book contains contributions about research on conservation ecology of saproxylic beetles as well as results from recent faunistic surveys in different European regions. It comprises aspects of saproxylic beetle ecology, faunistics, diversity and conservation issues. International experts report on their activity, management strategies and new approaches in saproxylic insect conservation. There are a lot of people doing research on saproxylic beetles in different countries of the world, but this seems to be a little bit disorganized. Hopefully, these European conferences will lead to a better, more international network. The contributions included in this volume cover a broad spectrum of research on saproxylic beetles, organized in three main chapters: "Saproxylic beetle assemblages and regional surveys" include "Oaks in Norway," showing the abundance and composition of red-listed species of beetles in hollow oaks. Further reports on regional surveys deals with a spruce primeval forest in Romania, a hardwood floodplain forest in the Czech Republic, and the Gartow region of Lower Saxony, a hotspot of saproxylic beetle diversity in north-western Germany. "Saproxylic beetle ecology and implications for their conservation" deals with ecological studies of single species, e.g. Limoniscus violaceus, Lucanus cervus, Osmoderma eremita and the worldwide distribution of the genus Cucujus. "Advances in methodology and databases" discusses new techniques in trapping and the development of databases. This volume gives a nice overview of the actual research on saproxylic beetles in Europe and I wish the next conference in 2010 a successful meeting; maybe some people from the UK or even overseas should be invited.
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Download or read book Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability 5 10 written by Robin Kundis Craig and published by Berkshire Publishing Group. This book was released on 2012-02-27 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystem Management and Sustainability analyzes myriad human-initiated processes and tools developed to foster sustainable natural resource use, preservation, and restoration. It also examines how humans interact with plant, marine, and animal life in both natural and human-altered environments. Experts explain the complex ecosystem relationships that result from invasive species, roads, fencing, and even our homes by addressing topics such as fire and groundwater management, disturbance, and ecosystem resilience. Because most people in the 21st century live in urban environments, the volume pays special attention to the ecology of cities, with detailed coverage on topics ranging from urban agriculture to landscape architecture. The volume focuses on how ecosystems across the world can be restored, maintained, and used productively and sustainably.
Download or read book High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World written by Jordi Catalan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
