Download or read book Biosafety Decisions and Perceived Commercial Risks The Role of GM Free Private Standards written by Guillaume Gruère, Debdatta Sengupta and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biosafety Decisions and Perceived Commercial Risks written by Guillaume P. Gruère and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We herein investigate the observed discrepancy between real and perceived commercial risks associated with the use of genetically modified (GM) products in developing countries. We focus particularly on the effects of GM-free private standards set up by food companies in Europe and other countries on biotechnology and biosafety policy decisions in food-exporting developing countries. Based on field visits made to South Africa, Namibia, and Kenya in June 2007, and secondary information from the press and various publications, we find 31 cases of interactions between private GM-free standards and biosafety policy decisions in 21 countries. Although we cannot infer the direct involvement of supermarkets and food companies in biosafety policy processes in developing countries, we find that by setting up GM-free standards, these actors are indirectly influential via their local traders, who face the possibility of exclusion if they do not comply with the standards. Organic producers' and anti-GM organizations also play a role in spreading perceptions of commercial risks that are not always justified. By comparing cases, we differentiate three types of relevant commercial risks: real risks, potential risks, and unproven risks. We then identify two critical, yet misleading, presumptions perpetuated by the various interest groups to spread the fear of potential or unproven risks: the infeasibility of non-GM product segregation and the lack of alternative buyers. We also find that information asymmetries and risk-averse behaviors related to perceived market power can help insert unfounded export concerns into biosafety or biotechnology policy decisions. The results of our analysis are used to suggest a simple framework to separate real commercial risks from others, based on five critical questions designed to aid decision makers when they face pressures to reject GM crop testing, application, consumption or use for fear of alleged export losses. " --from authors' abstract.
Download or read book Biosafety and Perceived Commercial Risks written by Guillaume P. Gruère and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief summarizes a study on commercial risks and the role of GM-free private standards in biosafety decisionmaking in developing countries. The findings are used to suggest a straightforward decisionmaking framework to help separate real commercial risks from other perceived risks.
Download or read book Farmers Health Status Agricultural Efficiency and Poverty in Rural Ethiopia A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach written by John M. Ulimwengu and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Validation of the World Food Programme s Food Consumption Score and Alternative Indicators of Household Food Security written by Doris Wiesmann, Lucy Bassett, Todd Benson, and John Hoddinott and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Joint Water Quantity Quality Management Analysis in a Biofuel Production Area Using an Integrated Economic Hydrologic Model written by Márcia Maria Guedes Alcoforado de Moraes, Ximing Cai, Claudia Ringler, Bruno Edson Albuquerque, Sérgio P. Vieira da Rocha, and Carlos Alberto Amorim and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rebuilding after Emergency Revamping Agricultural Research in Sierra Leone after Civil War written by Kwadwo Asenso-Okyere, Sindu Workneh, Edward Rhodes, and John Sutherland and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Creating Sustainable Bioeconomies written by Ivar Virgin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-08-25 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing global demand for food, feed and bio-based renewable material is changing the conditions for agricultural production worldwide. At the same time, revolutionary achievements in the field of biosciences are contributing to a transition whereby bio-based alternatives for energy and materials are becoming more competitive. Creating Sustainable Bioeconomies explores the prospects for biosciences and how its innovation has the potential to help countries in the North (Europe) and the South (Africa) to move towards resource efficient agriculture and sustainable bioeconomies. Throughout the book, the situations of Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa will be compared and contrasted, and opportunities for mutual learning and collaboration are explored. The chapters have been written by high profile authors and deal with a wide range of issues affecting the development of bioeconomies on both continents. This book compares and contrasts the situations of these two regions as they endeavour to develop knowledge based bioeconomies. This volume is suitable for those who are interested in ecological economics, development economics and environmental economics. It also provides action plans assisting policy-makers in both areas to support the transition to knowledge based and sustainable bioeconomies.
Download or read book Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing Countries written by Ademola A. Adenle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides expertly written guidance on the regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in developing countries, including recommendations about risk analysis and governance.
Download or read book Socio Economic Considerations in Biotechnology Regulation written by Karinne Ludlow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) was established as an implementing agreement. The CPB is an international agreement establishing the rights of recipient countries to be notified of and to approve or reject the domestic import and/or production of living modified organisms (LMOs). Decisions regarding import/production are to be on the basis of a biosafety assessment. Article 26.1 of the CPB allows for the (optional) inclusion of socio-economic considerations (SECs) into that biosafety assessment process. This book compiles expert assessments of the issues relevant to SEC assessment of LMOs and fundamental for decisions regarding whether to undertake such assessments at all. It includes an overview of the inclusion of SEC assessment in the regulation of LMOs that looks at the rationale for the inclusion of SECs, in the context of the existing science-based risk assessment systems. This book reviews the various factors that can and have been suggested for inclusion in SEC assessment, and provides a meaningful dialogue about the contrasts, benefits and tradeoffs that are, and will, be created by the potential move to the inclusion of SECs in the regulation of LMOs, making it of interest to both academics and policy-makers.
Download or read book ICT in Agriculture Updated Edition written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information and communication technology (ICT) has always mattered in agriculture. Ever since people have grown crops, raised livestock, and caught fish, they have sought information from one another. Today, ICT represents a tremendous opportunity for rural populations to improve productivity, to enhance food and nutrition security, to access markets, and to find employment opportunities in a revitalized sector. ICT has unleashed incredible potential to improve agriculture, and it has found a foothold even in poor smallholder farms. ICT in Agriculture, Updated Edition is the revised version of the popular ICT in Agriculture e-Sourcebook, first launched in 2011 and designed to support practitioners, decision makers, and development partners who work at the intersection of ICT and agriculture. Our hope is that this updated Sourcebook will be a practical guide to understanding current trends, implementing appropriate interventions, and evaluating the impact of ICT interventions in agricultural programs.
Download or read book Understanding Farmers Perceptions and Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability The Case of the Limpopo Basin South Africa written by Glwadys Aymone Gbetibouo and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is expected to have serious environmental, economic, and social impacts on South Africa. In particular, rural farmers, whose livelihoods depend on the use of natural resources, are likely to bear the brunt of adverse impacts. The extent to which these impacts are felt depends in large part on the extent of adaptation in response to climate change. This research uses a "bottom-up" approach, which seeks to gain insights from the farmers themselves based on a farm household survey. Farm-level data were collected from 794 households in the Limpopo River Basin of South Africa for the farming season 2004-2005. The study examines how farmer perceptions correspond with climate data recorded at meteorological stations in the Limpopo River Basin and analyzes farmers' adaptation responses to climate change and variability. A Heckman probit model and a multinomial logit (MNL) model are used to examine the determinants of adaptation to climate change and variability. The statistical analysis of the climate data shows that temperature has increased over the years. Rainfall is characterized by large interannual variability, with the previous three years being very dry. Indeed, the analysis shows that farmers' perceptions of climate change are in line with the climatic data records. However, only approximately half of the farmers have adjusted their farming practices to account for the impacts of climate change. Lack of access to credit was cited by respondents as the main factor inhibiting adaptation. The results of the multinomial logit and Heckman probit models highlighted that household size, farming experience, wealth, access to credit, access to water, tenure rights, off-farm activities, and access to extension are the main factors that enhance adaptive capacity. Thus, the government should design policies aimed at improving these factors.
Download or read book Dynamics of Structural Transformation An Empirical Characterization in the Case of China Malaysia and Ghana written by Thaddee Badibanga, Xinshen Diao, Terry Roe, Agapi Somwaru and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Evidence on Internal Migration Remittances and Teen Schooling in India written by Valerie Mueller, Abusaleh Shariff and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Migration can serve as an outlet for employment, higher earnings, and reduced income risk for households in developing countries. We use the 2004-2005 Human Development Profile of India survey to examine correlations between the receipt of remittances from internal migrants and human capital investment in rural areas. We employ a propensity score-matching approach to account for the selectivity of households into receiving remittances. We interpret the results conservatively due to the cross-sectional nature of the data. We find a positive correlation between remittances received from internal migrants and the schooling attendance of teens. The magnitude of the correlation is greater when focusing on low-caste households, and male schooling attendance in particular becomes more positive and statistically significant. Our findings provide a basis for establishing future research in the areas of migration and social protection in India."--Authors' abstract.
Download or read book Participation by Men and Women in Off Farm Activities An Empirical Analysis in Rural Northern Ghana written by Nancy McCarthy, Yan Sun and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Using survey data from the Upper East region of Ghana collected in 2005, the paper evaluates the household- and community-level factors influencing women's and men's decisions to participate in off-farm activities, either in the off-farm labor market or in local community groups, and the relationship with on-farm crop returns. Results indicate that crop returns are not affected by increased labor availability over a certain labor-land ratio. Female participation in off-farm labor markets increases at higher levels of labor availability, but participation in women's groups' only increases as labor scarcity is relaxed at lower levels. Alternatively, male participation in off-farm work increases over all levels of labor availability. Results also indicate that male labor is relatively more productive on-farm versus off-farm than female labor, and, though education increases the likelihood that both women and men will work off-farm (with no impact on crop revenues), the impact is greater for women. Finally, participation in off-farm work does not appear to be driven by the need to reduce exposure to risk or to manage risk ex post; wealthier households located in wealthier communities are more likely to participate in off-farm work. Evidence for participation in groups and risk is more complicated; wealthier households in wealthier communities are also more likely to participate, but so too are female-headed households with higher dependency ratios."--Authors' abstract.
Download or read book Economywide Impact of Avian Flu in Ghana A Dynamic CGE Model Analysis written by Xinshen Diao and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of this paper is to provide a quantitative assessment of the economywide impact of HPAI in Ghana under different scenarios. A dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model for Ghana has been developed for this study, and a recent (2005) social accounting matrix with a detailed production structure at both national and sub-national levels is used as the dataset for this analysis.
Download or read book Genetically modified crops in Africa written by Falck-Zepeda, José Benjamin and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variable climate, political instability, and other constraints have limited agricultural development in African countries south of the Sahara. Genetically modified (GM) crops are one tool for enhancing agricultural productivity and food security despite such constraints. Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: Economic and Policy Lessons from Countries South of the Sahara investigates how this tool might be effectively used by evaluating the benefits, costs, and risks for African countries of adopting GM crops. The authors gather together studies on GM crops economic effects and impact on trade, how consumers view such crops, and other issues. They find that GM crops have had, on average, a positive economic effect in the nations where they were used and identify future steps for enhancing GM crop adoptions positive effects. Promising policy initiatives include making biosafety regulations that do not make GM crop development prohibitively expensive, fostering intraregional trade in GM crops, and providing more and better information about GM crops to consumers who might currently be skeptical of them. These and other findings in Genetically Modified Crops in Africa indicate ways biotechnology can contribute to economic development in Africa south of the Sahara.
