Download or read book Biomineralization Systematics of Organic directed Controls on Carbonate Growth Morphologies and Kinetics Determined by in Situ AFM Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the three years of this project, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the microscopic kinetic controls on calcite growth and in investigations of amino acid controls on modifying crystal growth and dissolution. The project began with a focus on the aspartate-calcite system because previous studies have found that acidic matrix macromolecules involved in the regulation of biological crystal growth usually contain aspartic acid-rick domains. Indeed, several studies have shown that aspartate (Asp) modifies the growth morphology of calcite. Aspartate-rich proteins and[beta]-sheet polyaspartate adsorbed on sulfonated polystyrene surfaces were shown to stabilize[l-brace]0001[r-brace] growth surfaces. It was also shown that aspartate also stabilizes the prismatic[l-brace]1[bar 1]00[r-brace] growth forms. For the first time, the author has an understanding of the microscopic controls of aspartate on growth and dissolution.
Download or read book Energy Materials Coordinating Committe EMaCC Fiscal Year 1996 Annual Technical Report written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Materials Coordinating Committe EMaCC Fiscal Year 1997 Annual Technical Report written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Materials Coordinating Committe EMaCC Fiscal Year 1998 Annual Technical Report written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Mineralization and Demineralization written by G.H. Nancollas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: normal and pathological mineralization in vertebrates but also with the interesting problems involved in the formation of in tracellular deposits of calcium oxalate in plants. Here cal cium carbonate and silica may also be involved in the mineral ization processes. Calcium carbonate is an important component in the formation of mollusc and avian shells. The observation that both calcite and aragonite may be formed in biogenic cal cium carbonate raises important questions as to what factors control the formation of the final mineral phase. There is little doubt that thermodynamically less stable phases may be kinetically stabilized for long periods of time by other mole cules present in vivo. In normal mineralization, calcium salts may initially be deposited both within the cells and extracel lularly. In the latter case, the role of matrix vesicles and the ways in which the matrix components might control mineral ization were especially emphasized. There is clearly a need for more structural and functional information involving cells, matrix components, and their associated crystals. The develop ment of further techniques involving mutants, chromofluors, and fixatives for preservation of tissue and the ions present in vivo was recommended. In dealing with abnormal and pathological mineralization, the Workshop concentrated on urolithiasis, gout and pseudo-gout, and the formation of dental caries. Discussions based on the influence of media of low pH on mineral surfaces highlighted some of the factors of importance in controlling crystal dis solution.
Download or read book Physical Basis for Materials Synthesis Using Biomineralization written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the dawn of life on earth, organisms have directed the crystallization of inorganic ions from solution to form minerals that meet specific biological needs. The resulting materials often exhibit remarkable properties, making the processes involved in biomineralization of interest to a wide array of scientific disciplines. From a geochemical standpoint, perhaps the most important consequence is that CaCO3 biomineral formation occurs in the Oceans on such a large scale that it influences many aspects of seawater chemistry and results in sequestration of carbon in the form of carbonate sediments. In this manner, the products of biomineralization are preserved in the rock record and serve as an extensive chronicle of the interplay between biota and the earth system environment. From the point of view of materials synthesis, biological control over epitaxy is an elegant example of self-organization in complex molecular systems. Through selective introduction of peptides and proteins, living organisms deterministically modify nucleation, step kinetics, surface morphologies, and facet stabilities to produce nanophase materials, topologically complex single-crystals, and multi-layer composite. The resulting materials have biological functions as diverse as structural supports, porous filtration media, grinding and cutting tools, lenses, gravity sensors and magnetic guidance systems. As Table I shows, calcium carbonate minerals are ubiquitous amongst these biomineral structures. In addition, calcium carbonate is a well studied material that is easily crystallized and has known solution chemistry. Consequently, the calcium carbonate system provides an excellent model for investigating biomineralization processes. Surprisingly, in spite of the identification of carbonate biogenesis as a critical contributor to the carbon reservoir mediating climate change, and the enormous potential of biomimetic synthesis for production of tailored, crystalline nano- and micro-structured materials, the fundamental physical controls on carbonate biomineral formation remain poorly understood. Carbonates are formed in diverse environments almost exclusively by living organisms. These naturally occurring marine and fresh water minerals most commonly occur as the polymorphs of calcite, aragonite and vaterite which are nucleated and grown in the exoskeletons and tissues of marine and freshwater organisms ranging from simple bacteria and algae to crustaceans, molluscs, or sponges. It is known that the soluble fraction associated with mineralizing parts of organisms plays a primary role in crystal formation. In the formation of molluscan shells, this fraction is distinguished by the common presence of aspartic acid rich amino acid mixtures. It is also known that carbonates exposed to different polyamino acids exhibit different crystal habits. Belcher et al. showed that exposing growing CaCO3 crystals alternately to solutions containing polyanionic proteins associated with the aragonitic and calcitic layers of mollusc shells led to sequential switching of the crystal structure of the newly grown material between that of aragonite and calcite. Further work has demonstrated that these protein mixtures alter the morphology of the calcite growth surface and that they contain two fractions effecting growth: a step-binding fraction that inhibits step advancement on calcite surfaces, and a surface binding fraction that appears to lead to the subsequent nucleation of aragonite. Wierzbicki et al. found that polyaspartate molecules (ASP20) bind to calcite surfaces. Finally, modeling of ASP15 binding to calcite planes predicts large binding energies for well defined orientations. This and related evidence shows that systematic relationships between crystal morphology and surface interactions with the reactive groups of the organic molecules must exist. However, the interplay between surface chemistry and the physical processes of nucleation and crystal growth are poorly understood because, until recently only ex situ biochemical studies focusing on the effect of changes in solution chemistry and/or surface stereo-chemistry on macroscopic crystal morphology had been performed.
Download or read book Biomineralization written by Erich Konigsberger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-07-11 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title takes an interdisciplinary approach to the central role of solubility in pathological biomineralisation, ranging from traditional thermodynamics and kinetics to unusual concepts such as the PILP process. The scientific background and expertise of the contributors, ranges accordingly from solubility modelling and database development, renal stone and bone implant research, Mössbauer spectroscopy and structural chemistry to biochemistry and crystallisation. The chapters all have a quantitative, physico-chemical component rather than giving purely phenomenological descriptions. The contributors deal with aspects and concepts that have not previously been common in the study of pathological biomineralisation processes.
Download or read book Biomineralization II written by Kensuke Naka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research. The short and concise reports on chemistry are each written by world renowned experts. This series is still valid and useful after 5 or 10 years. More information as well as the electronic version of the whole content available at: springerlink.com.
Download or read book Biomineralization written by Kazuyoshi Endo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is the proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Biomineralization (BIOMIN XIV) held in 2017 at Tsukuba. Over the past 45 years, biomineralization research has unveiled details of the characteristics of the nano-structure of various biominerals; the formation mechanism of this nano-structure, including the initial stage of crystallization; and the function of organic matrices in biominerals, and this knowledge has been applied to dental, medical, pharmaceutical, materials, agricultural and environmental sciences and paleontology. As such, biomineralization is an important interdisciplinary research area, and further advances are expected in both fundamental and applied research.
Download or read book Biomineralization written by Stephen Mann and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Physical Basis of Biomineralization Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the three years of this project, Professor Dove's laboratory made tremendous progress in understanding fundamental controls on crystal growth in simple model systems for the complex phenomenon of biological mineralization. Our collaboration with J.J. DeYoreo was productive and we surpassed the goals set forth in the original proposal to establish a new quantitative understanding of carbonate mineral crystallization. The findings from this project have been widely recognized across the scientific community by the award of the Mineralogical Society of America best paper award in 1998 and the Best University Research Award of 1999 at the Basic Energy sciences, Division of Geosciences ''Interfacial Processes Symposium''. In addition, two students working on this project received six different awards for their research findings.
Download or read book Handbook of Biomineralization written by Edmund Bäuerlein and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2007 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive overview of the modern aspects of biomineralization represents life and materials science at its best: Bioinspired pathways are the hot topics in many disciplines and this holds especially true for biomineralization. Here, the editors -- well-known members of associations and prestigious institutes -- have assembled an international team of renowned authors to provide first-hand research results. This second volume deals with biometic model systems in biomineralization, including the biomineral approach to bionics, bioinspired materials synthesis and bio-supported materials chemistry, encapsulation and the imaging of internal nanostructures of biominerals. An interdisciplinary must-have account, for biochemists, bioinorganic chemists, lecturers in chemistry and biochemistry, materials scientists, biologists, and solid state physicists.
Download or read book Handbook of Biomineralization written by Edmund Bäuerlein and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2007 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive overview of the modern aspects of biomineralization represents life and materials science at its best: Bioinspired pathways are the hot topics in many disciplines and this holds especially true for biomineralization. Here, the editor has assembled an international team of renowned authors to provide first-hand research results. This first of three volumes deals with the biology of biominerals structure formation, with sections on silica-hydrated polysilicondioxide, iron sulfides and oxides, calcium carbonates and sulfates, as well as calcium phosphates. An interdisciplinary must-have account, for biochemists, bioinorganic chemists, lecturers in chemistry and biochemistry, materials scientists, biologists, and solid state physicists.
Download or read book Origin Evolution and Modern Aspects of Biomineralization in Plants and Animals written by Rex E. Crick and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium held at the University of Texas at Arlington, May 18-23, 1986
Download or read book Biological Mineralization and Demineralization written by G.H. Nancollas and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982-05-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: normal and pathological mineralization in vertebrates but also with the interesting problems involved in the formation of in tracellular deposits of calcium oxalate in plants. Here cal cium carbonate and silica may also be involved in the mineral ization processes. Calcium carbonate is an important component in the formation of mollusc and avian shells. The observation that both calcite and aragonite may be formed in biogenic cal cium carbonate raises important questions as to what factors control the formation of the final mineral phase. There is little doubt that thermodynamically less stable phases may be kinetically stabilized for long periods of time by other mole cules present in vivo. In normal mineralization, calcium salts may initially be deposited both within the cells and extracel lularly. In the latter case, the role of matrix vesicles and the ways in which the matrix components might control mineral ization were especially emphasized. There is clearly a need for more structural and functional information involving cells, matrix components, and their associated crystals. The develop ment of further techniques involving mutants, chromofluors, and fixatives for preservation of tissue and the ions present in vivo was recommended. In dealing with abnormal and pathological mineralization, the Workshop concentrated on urolithiasis, gout and pseudo-gout, and the formation of dental caries. Discussions based on the influence of media of low pH on mineral surfaces highlighted some of the factors of importance in controlling crystal dis solution.
Download or read book Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mesocrystals and Nonclassical Crystallization written by Helmut Cöelfen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through both explanation and discussion, this title presents a complete review into mesocrystals, and accurately describes this relatively new study of established materials. This book also provides an introduction to other areas of crystallisation including self-assembly, classical crystallisation and colloidal crystals. Key features: Description of crystals as well as their formation processes and ways to modify them. Examines new ways towards the design of new materials and aids comprehension of the building principles of biominerals. Helps to explain many unusual observations made in the study of crystallisation. Written by the professionals in this subject ‘Mesocrystals: New Self-Assembled Structures’ outlines the future potential of this topic within a variety of disciplines including engineering science, physics and chemistry, making it a versatile and valuable text.
