Download or read book Biomimetic Microfluidic Platforms for Monitoring Cellular Interactions in Microscale Flow written by Erdem Kucukal and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell-cell and cell-protein interactions strongly regulate critical cellular processes such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell division. To have a better understanding of these interactions, micro-engineered biomimetic platforms providing physiologically relevant environments are needed. Last decades have witnessed remarkable advances in micro/nanotechnologies, through which novel micro-platforms have been developed to mimic physiological microenvironments, providing a means to better understand cellular biomechanics, such as adhesive interaction between different cell types, in vitro. These assays have remarkably enhanced our understanding of many different pathophysiologies that stem from altered cellular mechanical properties as in cancer and sickle cell disease (SCD). The adhesive and deforming characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) play a critical role in vascular occlusions that lead to life-threatening crises in SCD. The altered properties of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) containing RBCs reduce cellular deformability and increase cellular adhesion onto extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as well as endothelial cells. This sophisticated dynamic process takes place within a wide range of shear rates indigenous to different types of microvasculature. However, most microfluidic in vitro adhesion assays either do not mimic the shear rate transitioning or they do so through discreet shear rate alterations rather than a continuous transition, which fails to fully recapitulate the flow dynamics in the microvasculature. In Chapter 2, a shear-gradient microfluidic device that creates a variable shear gradient along the flow direction to investigate the adhesion of RBCs under continuously transitioning shear rates is developed and functionalized with endothelium associated biomolecules. With this method, shear gradient dependent adhesion of RBCs from healthy and SCD subjects are quantified, and level of this adhesion is categorized by new parameters such as Shear Gradient Microfluidic Adhesion (SiGMA) Index and Adhesion Threshold (AT). Heterogeneity in shear gradient dependent adhesion levels are reported and correlated with subject clinical phenotype such as increased inflammation and iron overload. Cell-ECM protein interactions represent the environment in which endothelial cell damage leads to the exposure of sub-endothelium with which circulation blood cells can interact. This sort of damage may be triggered in certain pathological scenarios such as SCD. Nevertheless, a more complete picture should also include endothelial cells to better mimic the intravascular microenvironment in studying cellular interactions. In Chapter 3, a microfluidic system integrated with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is developed. Patients with SCD usually has ongoing in vivo hemolysis, and as a result, the free heme levels in their plasma significantly increase because of accelerated RBC lysis. To simulate this favored hemolytic microvascular conditions observed in SCD, the endothelial monolayer is treated with heme and its effect on RBC adhesion is assessed. Furthermore, the associations between heme-mediated RBC adhesion and subject clinical variables (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reticulocyte counts, age, etc.) are unraveled. Cellular adhesive interactions between blood cells, combined with altered mechanical properties, can manifest in altered biophysical characteristics of whole blood as a tissue. One of the implications is abnormal blood viscosity that can lead to lethal cardiovascular complications. In Chapter 4, a microfluidic platform integrated with the micro particle image velocimetry is developed to probe whole blood viscosity (WBV) in subjects with SCD. The associations between WBV and RBC adhesion to an endothelium associated biomolecule as well as between WBV and subject clinical variables, such as hematocrit and RBC count, are reported. In Chapter 5, a tube-in-tube flow-loop platform, similar to a system commonly utilized in industrial applications, is first developed to analyze the hemocompatibility of four different biomaterials used in vascular catheter manufacture. Then a novel microfluidic flow-loop assay is designed and fabricated for the same purpose. Non-fouling characteristics of these materials are assessed via a protein binding assay, in which fluorescently labeled human fibrinogen and bovine serum albumin was flowed over the biomaterial surface under physiologic flow conditions. Non-thrombogenicity is quantified by flowing whole bovine blood over the biomaterials followed by an acid phosphatase colorimetric protocol to infer platelet adhesion / thrombus formation at the cell-biomaterial interface. Results from the microfluidic device are compared against the tube-in-tube platform, and the hemocompatibility of these four biomaterials are discerned.

Download or read book Biochip Technology written by Jing Cheng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochip technology has experienced explosive growth in recent years and Biochip technology describes the basic manufacturing and fabrication processes and the current range of applications of these chips. Top scientists from the biochip industry and related areas explain the diverse applications of biochips in gene sequencing, expression monitoring, disease diagnosis, tumor examination, ligand assay and drug discovery.

Download or read book Introductory Bioelectronics written by Ronald R. Pethig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioelectronics is a rich field of research involving the application of electronics engineering principles to biology, medicine, and the health sciences. With its interdisciplinary nature, bioelectronics spans state-of-the-art research at the interface between the life sciences, engineering and physical sciences. Introductory Bioelectronics offers a concise overview of the field and teaches the fundamentals of biochemical, biophysical, electrical, and physiological concepts relevant to bioelectronics. It is the first book to bring together these various topics, and to explain the basic theory and practical applications at an introductory level. The authors describe and contextualise the science by examining recent research and commercial applications. They also cover the design methods and forms of instrumentation that are required in the application of bioelectronics technology. The result is a unique book with the following key features: an interdisciplinary approach, which develops theory through practical examples and clinical applications, and delivers the necessary biological knowledge from an electronic engineer’s perspective a problem section in each chapter that readers can use for self-assessment, with model answers given at the end of the book along with references to key scientific publications discussions of new developments in the bioelectronics and biosensors fields, such as microfluidic devices and nanotechnology Supplying the tools to succeed, this text is the best resource for engineering and physical sciences students in bioelectronics, biomedical engineering and micro/nano-engineering. Not only that, it is also a resource for researchers without formal training in biology, who are entering PhD programmes or working on industrial projects in these areas.

Download or read book Microfluidic Cell Culture Systems written by Christopher Bettinger and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields of microfluidics and BioMEMS are significantly impacting cell biology research and applications through the application of engineering solutions to human disease and health problems. The dimensions of microfluidic channels are well suited to the physical scale of biological cells, and the many advantages of microfluidics make it an attractive platform for new techniques in biology. This new professional reference applies the techniques of microsystems to cell culture applications. The authors provide a thoroughly practical guide to the principles of microfluidic device design and operation and their application to cell culture techniques. The resulting book is crammed with strategies and techniques that can be immediately deployed in the lab. Equally, the insights into cell culture applications will provide those involved in traditional microfluidics and BioMEMS with an understanding of the specific demands and opportunities presented by biological applications. The goal is to guide new and interested researchers and technology developers to the important areas and state-of-the-practice strategies that will enhance the efficiency and value of their technologies, devices and biomedical products.

Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.

Download or read book Lab on a Chip Fabrication and Application written by Margarita Stoytcheva and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The necessity of on-site, fast, sensitive, and cheap complex laboratory analysis, associated with the advances in the microfabrication technologies and the microfluidics, made it possible for the creation of the innovative device lab-on-a-chip (LOC), by which we would be able to scale a single or multiple laboratory processes down to a chip format. The present book is dedicated to the LOC devices from two points of view: LOC fabrication and LOC application.

Download or read book Microfluidic Techniques written by Shelley D. Minteer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hands-on researchers review the principles behind successful miniaturization and describe the key techniques for miniaturizing large-scale biochemical and bioanalytical methods for microchip analysis. The authors cover not only the most popular methods for the fabrication of microchips (photolithography, laser ablation, and soft lithography), but also microfluidic techniques for such bioanalytical assays and bioprocesses as DNA analysis, PCR, immunoassays, and cell reactors. Highlights include PCR on a microchip, microscale cell culturing, and the study of cellular processes on a microchip. The protocols offer step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Download or read book Introduction to Microfluidics written by Patrick Tabeling and published by . This book was released on 2010-05-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfluidics deals with fluids flowing in miniaturized systems, and has practical applications in the pharmaceutical, biomedical and chemical engineering fields. This text provides an introduction to this emerging discipline.

Download or read book Cell Analysis on Microfluidics written by Jin-Ming Lin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed overview of the design, formatting, application, and development of microfluidic chips in the context of cell biology research, enumerating each element involved in microfluidics-based cell analysis, discussing its history, status quo, and future prospects, It also offers an extensive review of the research completed in the past decade, including numerous color figures. The individual chapters are based on the respective authors' studies and experiences, providing tips from the frontline to help researchers overcome bottlenecks in their own work. It highlights a number of cutting-edge techniques, such as 3D cell culture, microfluidic droplet technique, and microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry interfaces, offering a first-hand impression of the latest trends in the field and suggesting new research directions. Serving as both an elementary introduction and advanced guidebook, the book interests and inspires scholars and students who are currently studying microfluidics-based cell analysis methods as well as those who wish to do so.

Download or read book Micro Nano Devices for Blood Analysis written by Rui A. Lima and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis is an interdisciplinary subject that demands the integration of several research fields, such as biotechnology, medicine, chemistry, informatics, optics, electronics, mechanics, and micro/nanotechnologies. Over the last few decades, there has been a notably fast development in the miniaturization of mechanical microdevices, later known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which combine electrical and mechanical components at a microscale level. The integration of microflow and optical components in MEMS microdevices, as well as the development of micropumps and microvalves, have promoted the interest of several research fields dealing with fluid flow and transport phenomena happening in microscale devices. Microfluidic systems have many advantages over their macroscale counterparts, offering the ability to work with small sample volumes, providing good manipulation and control of samples, decreasing reaction times, and allowing parallel operations in one single step. As a consequence, microdevices offer great potential for the development of portable and point-of-care diagnostic devices, particularly for blood analysis. Moreover, the recent progress in nanotechnology has contributed to its increasing popularity, and has expanded the areas of application of microfluidic devices, including in the manipulation and analysis of flows on the scale of DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles (nanoflows). In this Special Issue, we invited contributions (original research papers, review articles, and brief communications) that focus on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis, micro- and nanofluidics, technologies for flow visualization, MEMS, biochips, and lab-on-a-chip devices and their application to research and industry. We hope to provide an opportunity to the engineering and biomedical community to exchange knowledge and information and to bring together researchers who are interested in the general field of MEMS and micro/nanofluidics and, especially, in its applications to biomedical areas.

Download or read book Microfluidic Devices in Nanotechnology written by Challa S. S. R. Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the latest applications arising from the intersection of nanotechnology and microfluidics In the past two decades, microfluidics research has seen phenomenal growth, with many new and emerging applications in fields ranging from chemistry, physics, and biology to engineering. With the emergence of nanotechnology, microfluidics is currently undergoing dramatic changes, embracing the rising field of nanofluidics. This volume reviews the latest devices and applications stemming from the merging of nanotechnology with microfludics in such areas as drug discovery, bio-sensing, catalysis, electrophoresis, enzymatic reactions, and nanomaterial synthesis. Each of the ten chapters is written by a leading pioneer at the intersection of nanotechnology and microfluidics. Readers not only learn about new applications, but also discover which futuristic devices and applications are likely to be developed. Topics explored in this volume include: New lab-on-a-chip systems for drug delivery Integration of microfluidics with nanoneuroscience to study the nervous system at the single-cell level Recent applications of nanoparticles within microfluidic channels for electrochemical and optical affinity biosensing Novel microfluidic approaches for the synthesis of nanomaterials Next-generation alternative energy portable power devices References in each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation of individual topics. Overall, scientists, researchers, engineers, and students will not only gain a new perspective on what has been done, but also the nanotechnology tools they need to develop the next generation of microfluidic devices and applications. Microfluidic Devices for Nanotechnology is a two-volume publication, the first ever to explore the synergies between microfluidics and nanotechnology. The first volume covers fundamental concepts; this second volume examines applications.

Download or read book Culture Media Solutions and Systems in Human ART written by Patrick Quinn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes culture media and solutions used in human ART; how they have been developed for in vitro human pre-implantation embryo development, the function and importance of the various components in media and solutions and how they interact, and how the systems in which these are used can influence outcomes. Chapters discuss inorganic solutes, energy substrates, amino acids, macromolecules, cytokines, growth factors, buffers, pH, osmolality, and the interaction of these parameters. The role of incubators and other physical factors are reviewed, along with the relevance and prospects of emerging technologies: morphokinetic analysis using time-lapse imaging and dynamic fluid incubation systems. Results of prospective randomized trials are emphasized to ascertain the added value of these techniques for selecting viable embryos. This comprehensive guide will be invaluable for embryologists, physicians and all personnel involved in the fluid products used in human ART seeking to optimize their successful use of these components.

Download or read book Microfluidics for Single Cell Analysis written by Jin-Ming Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the various microfluidic-based approaches for single-cell capture, isolation, manipulation, culture and observation, lysis, and analysis. Single-cell analysis reveals the heterogeneities in morphology, functions, composition, and genetic performance of seemingly identical cells, and advances in single-cell analysis can overcome the difficulties arising due to cell heterogeneity in the diagnostics for a targeted model of disease. This book provides a detailed review of the state-of-the-art techniques presenting the pros and cons of each of these methods. It also offers lessons learned and tips from front-line investigators to help researchers overcome bottlenecks in their own studies. Highlighting a number of techniques, such as microfluidic droplet techniques, combined microfluidics-mass-spectrometry systems, and nanochannel sampling, it describes in detail a new microfluidic chip-based live single-cell extractor (LSCE) developed in the editor’s laboratory, which opens up new avenues to use open microfluidics in single-cell extraction, single-cell mass spectrometric analysis, single-cell adhesion analysis and subcellular operations. Serving as both an elementary introduction and advanced guidebook, this book interests and inspires scholars and students who are currently studying or wish to study microfluidics-based cell analysis methods.

Download or read book Multi Omics for the Understanding of Brain Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biofabrication written by Gulden Camci-Unal and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-03-18 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microscale hydrogels are potentially useful materials for controlling cellular behavior to mimic native microenvironments for tissue engineering applications. In this chapter, various fabrication techniques to generate microscale hydrogels and their applications in tissue engineering have been outlined. In addition, we provide examples of microscale hydrogels with different physical and chemical properties for generation of tissue constructs. Finally, we discuss potential future directions in fabrication of hydrogels to address challenges in tissue engineering. It is expected that these techniques will enable engineering of three-dimensional (3D) structures with controlled features for the formation of functional tissues and organs.

Download or read book BioMEMS and Biomedical Nanotechnology written by Mihrimah Ozkan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-03 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions reporting on fundamental and applied investigations of the material science, biochemistry, and physics of biomedical microdevices with applications to Genomics and Proteomics. Topics include gene expression profiling utilizing microarray technology; imaging and sensing for gene detection and use in DNA analysis; and coverage of advanced microfluidic devices and the Humane Genome Project.

Download or read book Analytical Instrumentation Handbook written by Jack Cazes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-30 with total page 1066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiled by the editor of Dekker's distinguished Chromatographic Science series, this reader-friendly reference is as a unique and stand-alone guide for anyone requiring clear instruction on the most frequently utilized analytical instrumentation techniques. More than just a catalog of commercially available instruments, the chapters are wri