Download or read book Biomechanical Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury by MRI based Finite Element Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact Biomechanics written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirteen papers from the biomechanics technical sessions of the 2002 SAE congress use laboratory experiments, computer models, and field data to evaluate the human body's kinematics, kinetics, and injury potential in response to impact loads caused by automobile accidents. Topics include finite elem
Download or read book The Brain written by Jeffrey A Pike and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 50,000 Americans die from brain injuries annually, with approximately half of all Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) being transportation-related. TBI is a critical and ever-evolving safety topic, with equally important components of injury prevention, consequences, and treatment. This book is part of a 3-volume set which presents a comprehensive look at recent head injury research and focuses on injury of the head’s contents and features 13 technical papers. These publications are primarily related to injuries to the brain, its surrounding membranes, and its blood supply. Editor Jeffrey A. Pike has selected the most relevant technical papers spanning the early 1990s through the beginning of 2011, including several older papers which provide an essential historical perspective. Each volume in the series also includes a table of references arranged by topic and a new chapter tying together anatomy, injury, and injury mechanism topics. Buy the Set and Save! Head Injury Biomechanics The three-volume set consists of these individual volumes: Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 1--The Skull Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 2--The Brain Head Injury Biomechanics, Volume 3--Mitigation
Download or read book Analysis and Modeling of the Biomechanics of Brain Injury Under Impact written by Hong Zou and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To better understand brain injury mechanisms and better predict brain injuries under impact, this work focuses on the analysis of experimental brain motion data and the development of brain injury models. An analytical method is used to separate the measured brain motion into rigid body displacement and brain deformation with a minimum total squared error. Under mild impact, it is found that the whole brain has nearly pure rigid body displacement, having a magnitude of 4 to 5 mm in translation and +/-5 degrees in rotation. As the impact becomes more severe, the rigid body displacement is limited in magnitude for both translation and rotation, while the increased brain motion primarily is due to brain deformation, which is largest in the superior region of the brain.
Download or read book A Finite Element Head Injury Model Volume I Theory Development and Results Final Report written by T. A. Shugar and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain written by Mark F. Horstemeyer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiscale Biomechanical Modeling of the Brain discusses the constitutive modeling of the brain at various length scales (nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale, macroscale and structural scale). In each scale, the book describes the state-of-the- experimental and computational tools used to quantify critical deformational information at each length scale. Then, at the structural scale, several user-based constitutive material models are presented, along with real-world boundary value problems. Lastly, design and optimization concepts are presented for use in occupant-centric design frameworks. This book is useful for both academia and industry applications that cover basic science aspects or applied research in head and brain protection. The multiscale approach to this topic is unique, and not found in other books. It includes meticulously selected materials that aim to connect the mechanistic analysis of the brain tissue at size scales ranging from subcellular to organ levels. Presents concepts in a theoretical and thermodynamic framework for each length scale Teaches readers not only how to use an existing multiscale model for each brain but also how to develop a new multiscale model Takes an integrated experimental-computational approach and gives structured multiscale coverage of the problems
Download or read book Biomechanics of the Brain written by Karol Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanics of the Brain will present an introduction to brain anatomy for engineers and scientists. Experimental techniques such as brain imaging and brain tissue mechanical property measurement will be discussed, as well as computational methods for neuroimage analysis and modeling of brain deformations due to impacts and neurosurgical interventions. Brain trauma between the different sexes will be analyzed. Applications will include prevention and diagnosis of traumatic injuries, such as shaken baby syndrome, neurosurgical simulation and neurosurgical guidance, as well as brain structural disease modeling for diagnosis and prognosis. This book will be the first book on brain biomechanics. It will provide a comprehensive source of information on this important field for students, researchers, and medical professionals in the fields of computer-aided neurosurgery, head injury, and basic biomechanics.
Download or read book Finite Element Method and Medical Imaging Techniques in Bone Biomechanics written by Rabeb Ben Kahla and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital models based on data from medical images have recently become widespread in the field of biomechanics. This book summarizes medical imaging techniques and processing procedures, both of which are necessary for creating bone models with finite element methods. Chapter 1 introduces the main principles and the application of the most commonly used medical imaging techniques. Chapter 2 describes the major methods and steps of medical image analysis and processing. Chapter 3 presents a brief review of recent studies on reconstructed finite element bone models, based on medical images. Finally, Chapter 4 reveals the digital results obtained for the main bone sites that have been targeted by finite element modeling in recent years.
Download or read book Biomechanical Analysis of Blast induced Traumatic Brain Injury Using Multiscale Brain Modeling written by Mahdi Sotudeh Chafi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Finite Element Modeling of Brain Injury for Performance Evaluation of Football Helmets written by Derek Wallin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Football helmets worn today are primarily designed to prevent skull fracture and irreversible brain injury. In that limited respect, today’s helmets are a success with the frequency of reported football-related skull fracture a rare occurrence. In recent decades, however, concussion, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are being reported with increasing incidence. Helmet manufacturing companies are limited in their performance analysis of helmets, with no standard helmet testing procedures incorporating anatomical data or physiological weaknesses of the brain. Finite Element Modeling of the brain has allowed for analysis of the mechanics of brain injury and can provide injury metrics based on simulated brain injury. In this study the background on current helmet testing procedures is provided as well as a finite element study of brain injury to determine helmet performance. In addition, this modeling will be used to identify what types of impacts are most dangerous.
Download or read book Modeling the Biodynamical Response of the Human Head for Injury Analysis written by Danielle N. George and published by . This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study is to develop a finite element model of the human head and neck to investigate the biomechanics of head injury. The finite element model is a two-dimensional, plane strain representation of the cervical spine, skull, and major components of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, tentorium and the surrounding cerebral spinal fluid. The dynamic response of the model is validated by comparison with the results of human volunteer sled acceleration experiments conducted by Ewing et al. 10 . To validate the head model, one of the head impact experiments performed on cadavers by Nahum et al. 24, is simulated. The model responses are compared with the measured cadaveric test data in terms of head acceleration, and intracranial pressures measured at four locations including the coup and contrecoup sites. The validated model is used to demonstrate that the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), which is based on resultant translational acceleration of the center of gravity of the head, does not relate to the various mechanisms of brain injury and is therefore insufficient in predicting brain injury.
Download or read book Simulation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Using Finite Element Modeling written by Ziman Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of disability and death in children and infants. This thesis focuses on establishing the consequences of an external force or impact on brain tissues. FE model has been introduced to investigate the consequences of impact force, either dynamic or static, onto the infant brain. Deformable meshes are involved in FE models to generate time-dependent pressure change in various brain tissues. Results demonstrate that our finite element model is capable of investigating brain tissue pressure transmission within certain impact force and can be used for simulation of minor brain injury in infants.
Download or read book Development of Rat Head Finite Element Model and Tissue Level Biomechanical Threshold for Traumatic Axonal Injury written by Runzhou Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The white matter tissues with highly aligned axonal fibers were modeled with transversely isotropic materials to simulate impact direction-dependent injury in the brain. The rat head/body model was validated against in vivo rodent dynamic cortical deformation, brain-skull displacement, and head impact acceleration experimental data. A series of FE parametric studies were conducted to identify various biomechanical factors contributing to the variability of injury severity observed among experiments and across different labs. The FE rat model simulated in vivo TAI in rat brains from closed-head impact acceleration experiments. The correlation of the local biomechanical parameter map with the severity and extent of axonal injury map at tissue levels was established. This improved our understanding of tissue-level injury mechanism for white matter injury. The tissue level thresholds for white matter injury was established by logistic regression analysis. The localized severe TAI in cerebral white matter (corpus callosum region) was best predicted by intracranial pressure (81 kPa) and maximum principal strain (0.26), while the white matter tracts in the brainstem (pyramidal tracts) were best predicted by localized maximum principal strain (0.18) response. The tissue level thresholds developed from this study can be directly translated to the FE human head model. This information will enhance the capability of the human head model in predicting brain injury.
Download or read book Using Finite Element Modeling to Analyze Injury Thresholds of Traumatic Brain Injury from written by Anna Marie Dulaney and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A finite element model was developed for a range of human head-sUAS impacts to provide multiple case scenarios of impact severity at two response regions of interest: global and local. The hypothesis was that for certain impact scenarios, local response injuries of the brain (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes, and cerebellum) have a higher severity level compared to global response injury, the response at the Center of Gravity (CG) of the head. This study is the first one to predict and quantify the influence of impact parameters such as impact velocity, location, offset, and angle of impact to severity of injury. The findings show that an sUAS has the potential of causing minimal harm under certain impact scenarios, while other scenarios cause fatal injuries. Additionally, results indicate that the human head’s global response as a less viable response region of interest when measuring injury severity for clinical diagnosis. It is hoped that the results from this research can be useful to assist decision making for treatments and may offer different perspectives in sUAS designs or operation environments.
Download or read book Sensitivity Analysis of a Finite Element Head Model to Skull Material Properties in the Study of Traumatic Brain Injury written by Hesam Moghaddam and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs as result of a sudden trauma to the brain due to impacts or the rapid movement of the head caused by falls, accidents, sports contacts, and physical assaults. TBI can lead to long-term cognitive, physical, and neurological impairments and hence should be prevented. While head kinematics can be experimentally estimated - to a good extent - using dummy heads, assessment of tissue responses of the brain in terms of the intracranial pressure, shear stresses, and strains is technically and morally challenging. Accordingly, due to complications of experimental tests, computational methods such as finite element analysis (FEA) have extensively been used in the last decade to study the injury mechanisms associated with TBI. However, the fidelity of these models is still a concern when conclusions are to be drawn based on numerical results. One major aspect of each computational work is the implementation of accurate material models which can mimic the real behavior of biological tissues. Skull protects the brain against injury by attenuating the transferred load to the intracranial space upon an impact to the head. Several material properties have been used for skull in the literature in the context of impact induced TBI. These studies have used a wide range of densities and Youngu2019s moduli for the skull; however, they have used different head models and loading conditions. Our study aims to investigate the sensitivity of a FE head model to skull material properties. To this end, North Dakota State University Finite Element Head Model (NDSUFEHM) was exposed to an identical impact using three different sets of material properties in terms of density and Youngu2019s modulustaken from the well-substantiated impact TBI studies. A frontal impact scenario was developed by impacting the head moving at 2.5 m/s against a rigid wall 45 degrees about its horizontal plane. Time histories of ICP and shear stress at the location of maximum value were recorded and compared for all three material properties sets. Our primary results predicted noticeable differences among pressure and shear responses both in terms of the peak values and their pattern. Our results suggested the need for a unique set of skull properties in order to improve the biofidelity of FE models.
Download or read book Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment Using the Integration of Pattern Recognition Methods and Finite Element Analysis written by Babak Seyed Aghazadeh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this research is to develop methods and algorithms to investigate the severity of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to estimate the intracranial pressure (ICP) level non-invasively. Brain x-ray computed tomography (CT) images and artificial intelligence methods are employed to estimate the level of ICP. Fully anisotropic complex wavelet transform features are proposed to extract directional textural features from brain images. Different feature selection and classification methods are tested to find the optimal feature vector and estimate the ICP using support vector regression. By using systematic feature extraction, selection and classification, promising results on ICP estimation are achieved. The results also indicate the reliability of the proposed algorithm. In the following, case-based finite element (FE) models are extracted from CT images using Matlab, Solidworks, and Ansys software tools. The ICP estimation obtained from image analysis is used as an input to the FE modeling to obtain stress/strain distribution over the tissue. Three in-plane modeling approaches are proposed to investigate the effect of ICP elevation on brain tissue stress/strain distribution. Moreover, the effect of intracranial bleeding on ICP elevation is studied in 2-D modeling. A mathematical relationship between the intracranial pressure and the maximum strain/stress over the brain tissue is obtained using linear regression method. In the following, a 3-D model is constructed using 3 slices of brain CT images. The effect of increased ICP on the tissue deformation is studied. The results show the proposed framework can accurately simulate the injury and provides an accurate ICP estimation non-invasively. The results from this study may be used as a base for developing a non-invasive procedure for evaluating ICP using FE methods.
Download or read book Pediatric Injury Biomechanics written by Jeff R. Crandall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Injury Biomechanics: Archive and Textbook consolidates and describes the current state of the art in pediatric injury biomechanics research in the automotive crash environment. Written by the most respected scientists in the field, the objective of this ground-breaking project is to provide a comprehensive archive and analysis of pediatric injury biomechanics research; to be the go-to reference for the epidemiology of motor vehicle related childhood injury data, pediatric anthropometry, pediatric biomechanical properties, tissue tolerance, and computational models. This book provides essential information needed by researchers working in the field of pediatric injury including those involved in rulemaking activities, injury criteria development, child dummy development, and child injury interventions development. In addition to the text, a companion archive will include valuable information and tools to assist in the identification of gaps in research and future research directions.This living document will be regularly updated with current research and advancements in pediatric injury biomechanics.
