Download or read book Biomechanical Analysis of the Index Finger Motion for Optimal Trigger Design Using Cadaver Experiments written by Joonho Chang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A trigger grip has been usually used to operate powered hand tools and helps operators to control powered hand tools quickly and simply by reducing manual force requirements. However, operating the trigger excessively and repeatedly may let workers be exposed to work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) such as trigger finger or carpal tunnel syndrome. Thus, the proper design of a trigger to reduce excessive and repetitive finger motions is required to prevent these WRMSDs. Although there have been a variety of related biomechanical analyses on the index finger or a trigger design, little research focusing on biomechanical interaction between index finger motions and trigger mechanism exists. However, they even have limits to show detailed biomechanical interaction between the index finger and triggers. Therefore, more specific and detailed biomechanical analyses focusing on the index finger mechanism during triggering are required.The present study aims to conduct a biomechanical analysis on the index finger mechanism during triggering action using cadaver experiments. The specific objectives of the study include 1) developing a two-dimensional biomechanical static model for the index finger which accounts for index finger force mechanism while operating a trigger, 2) building an index finger motion simulator to support and control a cadaver hand, 3) conducting cadaver experiments to observe the relationship of external trigger forces to the internal tendon forces depending on different external force contact locations, trigger grip spans, FDP to FDS tendon force ratios, and handle grip spans, 4) validating the proposed biomechanical model, and 5) recommending optimal trigger grip span, optimal contact location for finger triggering, and optimal handle grip span for trigger and pistol designs in terms of force efficiency between externally generated trigger forces and internal tendon forces.The index finger motion simulator was developed for cadaver experiments. The primary purpose of this simulator was to support and control a cadaver hand for observing relationship between internal tendon forces and external trigger forces, during triggering. The simulator was comprised of five essential parts: 1) the support frame to secure the specimens, 2) the motion delivery unit to control FDP and FDS tendons in the specimens 3) the data acquisition system to measure internal tendon forces and external triggering forces, 4) the vision system to obtain joint flexion angles on the index finger, and 5) the operation program to control the simulator and save the results of the experiments. The cadaver experiments for index finger's triggering motion was conducted with the index finger motion simulator. Five fresh-frozen right human cadaveric hand specimens (average age = 46; SD = 5.7) without apparent musculoskeletal disorders and anatomical abnormalities were employed in the study. And the experiments consisting of two phases investigated triggering forces by the index finger as function of 1) total internal tendon forces (FDP + FDS; 40, 70, and 100 N), 2) FDP to FDS tendon force ratios (1 to 1, 1.5 to 1, 2 to 1, and 3 to 1), 3) trigger grip spans (40, 50, and 60 mm), 4) three different contact locations (F1 = the middle of the distal phalange; F2 = the distal edge of the medial phalange; F3 = the middle of the medial phalange) between a trigger and the index finger, and 5) handle grip spans (40, 50, and 60 mm) for the middle, ring, and little fingers; Phase I observed effects of 1), 2), 3), and 4), while Phase II investigated effect of 5). Also, force efficiencies were computed based on their internal tendon force to external triggering force ratios. As a result, the following key findings were found from the experiments: 1) FDP to FDS tendon force ratios didn't affect triggering forces by the index finger, 2) triggering forces increased significantly while total internal tendon force increased from 40 to 100 N, 3) The maximum triggering forces were found at 50 mm trigger grip span and the triggering forces at 60 and 40 mm trigger grip spans followed it in turn, 4) triggering forces increased significantly while external force contact location moved proximally from F1 to F3, and 5) 50 mm handle grip span showed the maximum triggering forces and 40 and 60 mm handle grip spans followed it in turn. Also, force efficiencies found the following important features: 1) approximately 10 to 30% of internal tendon forces could be converted into external triggering forces while triggering and 2) force efficiencies declined gradually while total internal tendon force increased from 40 to 100 N. A biomechanical index finger model for triggering was developed to observe relationships between internal tendon forces and externally generated triggering forces, based upon the index finger anatomy; three mathematical models on the three external force contact locations, F1, F2, and F3, were developed based on biomechanical assumptions and conditions of static equilibrium. Also, the models were simulated mathematically based on the unknown variables determined by the experimental conditions, in order to evaluate the validity of the models. Consequently, the simulation results showed high similarities to the results of the experiments: 1) the estimated triggering forces increased significantly while total internal tendon force increased from 40 to 100 N, 2) The maximum estimated triggering forces were found at 50 mm trigger grip span and the triggering forces at 60 and 40 mm trigger grip spans followed it in turn, and 3) the estimated triggering forces increased gradually while external force contact location moved proximally from F1 to F3. In sum, the models predicted similar triggering force patterns to the triggering forces measured in the experiments. However, overall, triggering forces were over-estimated by the models, except for at F1 contact location; relatively accurate triggering forces were estimated at F1 contact location, but the models predicted triggering forces two and three times higher than the measured triggering forces at F2 and F3 contact locations, respectively.Finally, the present study provided design recommendations for an optimal one-finger trigger design. The following four design guidelines were defined based on the results of the cadaver experiments: 1) a force requirement to activate a trigger should be set as low as possible, 2) a trigger grip may afford users to use the medial phalange, 3) 50 mm trigger grip span is generally recommended as the optimal trigger grip span to accommodate most people, and 4) 50 mm is recommended as the trigger handle grip span.
Download or read book Biomechanical Analysis of Hand Grip Motion for Optimal Handle Design Using a Cadaver Model written by Shihyun Park and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forceful exertion of tendons while gripping hand tools may be one of the factors that lead to the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). Also, the ratio between internal tendon force and externally applied grip force is necessary to design an optimal handle size to maximize efficiency of the force and reduce an excessive tendon force. Previous research has indicated that Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) forces can be up to 3.7 times the external forces predicted by a biomechanical model. However, these values were indirect estimates derived from the biomechanical model to predict internal tendon forces. Although anatomically precise, the model was challenging to implement in practice, since they require input parameters that are often difficult or impossible to measure. Therefore, it is imperative that the model is validated with direct measurement of tendon forces using human cadaver forearms. The cadaver model with hand motion simulator allowed the application of controlled forces to the flexor tendons by the force delivery unit while the resulting grip forces are measured with force sensitive resistors. Consequently, the actual tendon forces generated by the actuators ware compared with externally applied force (grip force and finger force distribution) in power grip motion with various diameter handles. Moreover, the effect of different tendon force ratios of FDP to FDS was investigated to explore kinematic role of the ratio in power grip motion. Also, the resulting data were compared to similar measures reported in the literature and input to mathematical model to validate. Despite some differences, in general the hand motion simulator with a cadaver model produced finger kinematics closely resembling those that occur in normal human grasping and showed similar hand biomechanics result with previous studies that investigated grip force and finger force distribution with handles.
Download or read book Ergonomics for All Celebrating PPCOE s 20 years of Excellence written by Dyi-Yih Michael Lin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-29 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the selected papers presented at the 20th anniversary meeting of the Pan-Pacific Conference on Ergonomics organized by the Ergonomics Society of Taiwan. PPCOE 2010 is an international forum aimed to bring together scholars and practitioners from around the world to exchange and disseminate the latest developments in erg
Download or read book Popular Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1966-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it better.
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
Download or read book Popular Science Monthly and World Advance written by and published by . This book was released on 1966-07 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement written by Joseph Hamill and published by LWW. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the quantitative nature of biomechanics, this book integrates current literature, meaningful numerical examples, relevant applications, hands-on exercises, and functional anatomy, physics, calculus, and physiology to help students - regardless of their mathematical background - understand the full continuum of human movement potential.
Download or read book Near Infrared Spectroscopy NIRS in Functional Research of Prefrontal Cortex written by Nobuo Masataka and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-08-16 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book includes the latest outcomes produced by a broad range of fNIRS research with activation of prefrontal cortex, from methodological one to clinical one, providing a forum for scientists planning functional studies of prefrontal brain activation. Reading this book, one will find the possibility that fNIRS could replace fMRI in the near future, and realize that even our aesthetic feeling is measurable. This will serve as a reference repository of knowledge from these fields as well as a conduit of information from leading researchers. In addition it offers an extensive cross-referencing system that will facilitate search and retrieval of information about NIRS measurements in activation studies. Researchers interested in fNIRS would benefit from an overview about its potential utilities for future research directions.
Download or read book Biomedical and Computational Biology written by Shiping Wen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-01 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the revised selected proceedings of Second International Symposium on Biomedical and Computational Biology, BECB 2022, held as a virtual event in August 2022. The 58 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 135 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: The Charge Transfer Network Model for Arbitrary Proteins Complexes; A Self-Supervised 3D/2D Registration Method for Incomplete DSA Vessels; The Potential Role of RNA "Writer" TRMT61B in the Immune Regulation of Breast Cancer; Extraction, Composition Analysis and Blood Lipid Lowering Activity of Rana chensinensis Ovum Oil.
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1970-06 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Download or read book Popular Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it better.
Download or read book Popular Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it better.
Download or read book Backpacker written by and published by . This book was released on 2001-03 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Backpacker brings the outdoors straight to the reader's doorstep, inspiring and enabling them to go more places and enjoy nature more often. The authority on active adventure, Backpacker is the world's first GPS-enabled magazine, and the only magazine whose editors personally test the hiking trails, camping gear, and survival tips they publish. Backpacker's Editors' Choice Awards, an industry honor recognizing design, feature and product innovation, has become the gold standard against which all other outdoor-industry awards are measured.
Download or read book The Advocate written by and published by . This book was released on 2001-08-14 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advocate is a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) monthly newsmagazine. Established in 1967, it is the oldest continuing LGBT publication in the United States.
Download or read book The Journal of Neuroscience written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinesiology written by Carol A. Oatis and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of Kinesiology: The Mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human Movement relates the most current understanding of anatomy and mechanics with clinical practice concerns. Featuring seven chapters devoted to biomechanics, straightforward writing, and over 900 beautiful illustrations, the text provides you with detailed coverage of the structure, function, and kinesiology of each body region. You will gain an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the quality of movement and overall human health. Special features include: New DVD containing about 150 videos provides dynamic examples of clinical demonstrations, principle illustrations, and lab activities. This powerful resource explores patient function, dysfunction, and injury for greater comprehension. Clinical Relevance Boxes reinforce the relationship of biomechanical principles to patient care through real-life case studies. Muscle Attachment Boxes provide easily accessed anatomical information and tips on muscle palpation Examining the Forces Boxes highlight the advanced mathematical concepts used to determine forces on joint structure. Evidence-based presentations deliver the most current literature and essential classic studies for your understanding of musculoskeletal structure and function. Whether you are a student or practitioner in the field of physical therapy, occupational therapy, or exercise science, this comprehensive book serves as an excellent resource for best practice techniques.
