Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Using a Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor written by Mehran Andalib and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nutrient removal (BNR) refers to removal of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from wastewater (WW) by the aid of various microorganisms. Because of the public concern for the environment C, N and P effluent standards have become stricter. Different BNR processes such as suspended growth and attached growth have been studied during the last three decades in order to meet the increasingly stringent discharge standards. In this work, two novel processes called Twin Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (TFBBR) and Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (TCFBBR) were developed and tested for BNR from municipal WW. Both TFBBR and TCFBBR comprise of an anoxic column and an aerobic column with particle recirculation between the two reactors achieved mechanically (TFBBR) and hydraulically (TCFBBR). Moreover, a newly developed system called Anaerobic Fluidized-Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (AF-CFBBR) was developed and tested to accomplish BNR from high strength industrial WW. AF-CFBBR comprises of an anaerobic, an anoxic and an aerobic columns. In all three aforementioned systems, fine carrier media are employed for biofilm attachment. After the development of biofilm, the particles are called biofilm-coated particles. TFBBR and TCFBBR were operated at organic, nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates (OLR, NLR and PLR) of up to 2.8 kg COD/m3×d and 4.5 kg COD/m3×d, 0.3 kg N/m3×d and 0.5 kg N/m3×d and 0.041 kg P/m3×d respectively to study the performance of the system with respect to biological nutrient removal. The nitrification rates based on biofilm surface area in TFBBR and TCFBBR were 0.91 g N/m2×d and 1.26 g N/m2×d respectively and the denitrification rates based on biofilm surface area in TFBBR and TCFBBR were 0.65 g N/m2×d and 1.32 g N/m2×d respectively. Both systems removed>96% organic matter, 84%-88% nitrogen and 12%-50% phosphorus at overall hydraulic retention time of (HRT) 2h. TFBBR and TCFBBR achieved long SRTs of 72-108 d and 37-40 d respectively, which rationalized the very low observed yield of 0.06-0.07 g VSS/g COD and 0.09-0.1 g VSS/g COD. The AF-CFBBR demonstrated 99.7% COD removal, 84% nitrogen removal, with a very low sludge yield of 0.017 g VSS/g COD while treating a wastewater containing 10700 mg COD/L and 250-300 mg NH3-N/L. The system was operated at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 35 kg COD/m3·d based on the AF volume and 1.1 kg N/m3·d based on the CFBBR at an overall HRT of less than 12 h in the AF-CFBBR. The nitrification, denitrification and organic removal rates based on aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic biofilm surface area in AF-CFBBR respectively were 2.6 g N/m2×d, 9.03 g N/m2×d and 12.1 g COD/m2×d. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of nitrate on methanogenic activities in a high rate anaerobic fluidized bed with organic loading rate of above 35 kg COD/m3·d was studied in order to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous denitrification and methanogenic activities (SDM) in a high rate anaerobic system. Terminal settling velocity and bed expansion of biofilm-coated particles as the two main hydrodynamic criteria in a fluidized bed, were studied. Archimedes was superior to Reynolds number for drag coefficient and bed expansion definitions. A new equation for determining drag force on fluidized bed bio-film coated particle (Fd) as an explicit function of terminal settling velocity was generated based on Archimedes numbers (Ar) of the biofilm coated particle. The proposed equation adequately predicted the terminal settling velocity of other literature data with an accuracy of>90%. A new equation based on Archimedes number was proposed to calculate bed expansion index of biofilm-coated particles, which predicted the existing experimental data with less standard error than all other literature equations that related bed expansion to Reynolds number. A two-phase and three-phase predictive fluidization model based on the characteristics of a system such as media type and size, flow rates, and reactor cross sectional area was proposed to calculate bed expansion, solid, liquid and gas hold up, specific surface area of the biofilm particles. The model was subsequently linked to 1d AQUIFAS APP software (Aquaregen) to model two and three phase fluidized bed bioreactors. The model was validated for biological nutrient removal using the experimental data from a Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactors (TCFBBR) treating synthetic and municipal wastewater. Two-sided t-tests showed that there were no statistically significant difference between the experimental and the modeled TCOD, SCOD, NH3-N, NOx-N.

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal Wastewater Using a Liquid solid Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor written by Nabin Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Process Control for Biological Nutrient Removal Processes in Fluidized Beds Treating Low Carbon to Nitrogen Municipal Wastewater written by Joseph Donohue and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wastewater treatment techniques - utilizing microorganisms to remove organics and nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) from a water stream and partially incorporate them into their cell structure - struggle to adapt with increased urbanization due to land and infrastructure requirements. The circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor (CFBBR) was developed as a way to provide biological treatment in an urbanized area by cultivating high-density bacteria on an inert media. The technology operates as a pre-anoxic nitrification/denitrification wastewater treatment process. The system is initially loaded with media, providing a platform for microbial growth. Internal recycle streams in the system provide the energy to fluidize the media - increasing mass transfer and accelerating microbial growth and pollutant removal rates. A pilot-scale CFBBR unit operated in Guangzhou, China, at an organic loading rate of 0.50 kg COD/day and a nitrogen loading rate of 0.075 kg N/day, was able to achieve a 93% reduction in carbon and an 88% reduction in nitrogen. In addition, an innovative sensor network was constructed from open source hardware to monitor and adjust dissolved oxygen (DO) levels inside a 15 L lab-scale partial nitrification fluidized-bed. The treatment strategy for this biological process was to create reactor conditions that favour nitrifying bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrite, called ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), over nitrifying bacteria that convert nitrite to nitrate, called nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The CFBBR, by virtue of its unique abilities to control biofilm thickness and accordingly biological solids retention time, offers significant advantages over other emerging nitrogen removal processes. The control system was designed to automatically adjust the air flow to the bioreactor to maintain a DO level of approximately 1 mg/L, conditions that favour AOBs activity over NOBs. The unit operated continuously for 40 days as the bioreactor was fed with 200 mg/L of synthetic ammonia wastewater (devoid of carbon) to a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 6 g NH4-N/day. The control system was able to maintain an ambient DO level of 1.30 mg/L. At this loading rate, the effluent nitrate concentration was approximately 5% of the influent feed - indicating low NOB populations in the reactor.

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor written by Ajaykumar Patel and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Treatment of Wastewater by a Liquid solid Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Biological Nutrient Removal written by Mohammad Nazrul Islam and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment written by P. F. Strom and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) is the removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in excess of that required for biomass synthesis in biological wastewater treatment systems where there are no defined anaerobic and/or anoxic zones. The hypothesis is that one or more of three mechanisms is responsible within individual systems: variations in the bioreactor macroenvironment created by the mixing pattern, gradients within the floc microenvironment, and/or novel microorganism activity. Understanding of the mechanisms of SBNR can be expected to lead to improved efficiency and reliability in its application. Preliminary work documented SBNR in 7 full-scale OrbalTM closed loop bioreactors. A batch assay demonstrated that novel microorganism activity was of little importance in SBNR at the three plants tested. While the floc microenvironment likely plays an important role in nitrogen removal in such plants, it cannot explain phosphorus removal. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to elucidate the role of the bioreactor macroenvironment in SBNR. This is the first reported application of CFD to activated sludge biological wastewater treatment. Although the software and computational requirements limited model complexity, it still simulated the creation of dissolved oxygen gradients within the system, demonstrating that the anaerobic zones required for SBNR could occur.

Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Xuan-Thanh Bui and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems covers different recent advanced technologies, including green technologies, for biological wastewater treatment and wastewater reuse. The technologies involve novel biological processes and/or modified processes coupled with nano materials for improving the performance of the existing treatment processes. The book also describes treatment strategies for the current pollution from complex organic matter, nutrients, toxic substances, micro plastics and emerging micro pollutants in different water resources. The treatment processes describe the recent developed technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse such as biological nutrient removal, bioreactors, photobioreactors, membrane bioreactors, wetlands, algae-bacteria process, natural treatments, integrated/hybrid bio systems, etc. The novel bio systems include aerobic, anaerobic, facultative operation modes with various of types of microorganisms. Provides updated information on biological nutrient removal from wastewater Includes anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment processes Provides state-of-art information on design and operation of novel systems, including membrane bioreactors Describes hybrid treatment processes

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal from Industrial Wastewater Using a Sequencing Batch Reactor written by Siphesihle Mangena Khumalo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Simultaneous Carbon Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal from Municipal Wastewater in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor written by Ajay Patel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Innovative Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater written by Shirish H. Sonawane and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights advances in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, particularly biological wastewater treatment, cavitation-based treatment, hybrid water treatment, membrane technologies, advance oxidation processes, and adsorption. The book focuses on a variety of advanced treatment techniques that are useful for the degradation of organic components, dyes, heavy metals effluent, etc. in wastewater. Industrial wastewater consists of variety of discharges based on the type of industry, such as the dairy/food industries, which generate more fats and high BOD value with variation in the pH value, while the electroplating industry may expel more inorganic matter and dissolved solids. The oil extraction industries will have more solvents contained in the effluent, and dyes and textiles industry create a higher organic load with high TDS. Hence, every type of manufacturing industry needs a different method for the treatment of its effluents. Looking at the use of intensified chemical processes in order to make cleaner environment, Innovative Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater explores the new and innovative methods for pollutant removal that will prove useful for a variety of industries. Conventional wastewater treatment processes require a significant amount of energy and involve expensive equipment and maintenance. Sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, however, involve less generation of energy and employ more economically feasible treatment methods, requiring less equipment and fewer maintenance costs. Looking at the use of intensified chemical processes in order to make a cleaner environment, this volume explores new and innovative methods for pollutant removal that will prove useful for a variety of industries. This book highlights advances in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, particularly biological wastewater treatment, cavitation-based treatment, hybrid water treatment, membrane technologies, advanced oxidation processes, and adsorption.

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal Wastewater in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactors written by Patrik Arnz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Bioparticle Recirculation in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor on Simultaneous Organic and Nitrogen Removal written by Ming Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Circulating Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactor (CFBBR), a bioparticle technology designed for biological nutrient removal, has been implemented to achieve considerable biodegradation efficiency and low sludge production, compared with activated sludge system and typical biofilm technology. The inherent advantages of bioparticle technology are enhanced substantially by the CFBBR, for example, decoupling of hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT), large specific surface area, thus creating ideal conditions for biofilm ecosystem. In this work, bioparticle recirculation, as a novel control method for bioparticle systems, was demonstrated in CFBBRs. To verify the impact of bioparticle recirculation on reactor performance, bio-kinetics, and hydrodynamic behavior, three lab-scale CFBBRs were developed and tested for carbon and nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater as well as municipal wastewater. During all extended experiments, bioparticles were slowly transferred from the Riser (Anoxic column) to the Downer (Aerobic column) for specific bio-reactions, and then recirculated back to the Riser for refreshment. A low shear stress was maintained in order to achieve rich biofilm conditions, where the predation process was encouraged. Furthermore, a novel onedimensional (1D) bioparticle model successfully combined hydrodynamic parameters with biofilm kinetics to simulate dynamic surface area and dynamic shear stress in bioparticle processes. iv Two lab-scale CFBBRs fed with synthetic wastewater were configured for extended experimental tests and a pseudo-steady-state study of bioparticle recirculation. Over the 285 days of synthetic wastewater experiments in a 4-L lab-scale CFBBR, over 95% COD removal and 85% TN removal were achieved during slow bioparticle circulation between the Riser (Anoxic) and the Downer (Aerobic). Furthermore, with sodium acetate as the carbon source, an extremely low net sludge yield of 0.034 mgVSS/mgCOD was observed concomitant with the appearance of macro-consumers and aquatic worms. Another extended (200 days) experiment of a lab-scale (8.5 L) CFBBR demonstrated the feasibility of achieving pseudo-steady-state conditions for integrated COD, nitrogen removal, and worm predation, and the results proved that the worm predation has a significant impact on the pseudo-steady-state performance of the CFBBR, decreasing biomass yield and oxygen concentration while increasing expanded bed height. Subsequently, Bioparticle Enrichment-Predation circulation (BEP circulation), comprised enrichment (in Riser Bottom section), transportation (in Riser Top section), predator-cultivation (in Downer Top), and deactivation (in Downer Bottom), was proposed as a novel bioparticle recirculation pattern, which effectively improves performance and enhances the stability of CFBBR. The bioparticle process involving worm predation proved to be achievable through a self-balancing worm bioparticle process and BEP circulation. A self-balancing micro-community along with BEP circulation would provide an effective control of the bioparticle system integrating COD and nitrogen removal with strong predation. v A CFBBR conceptual model was established based on 1D-bioparticle model to investigate hydrodynamic conditions of CFBBR. The model integrating the anoxic riser and aerobic downer, and bioparticle circulation was simulated as a function of expanded bed growth. Experimental data from a 6-L CFBBR fed with municipal wastewater was used to calibrate the conceptual model. The impact of bioparticle circulation rate (vs) was verified by three different vs: 50 g bare particle/d, 100 g bare particle/d, and 200 g bare particle/d. The range of the operational bioparticle circulation rate was calculated by the 1D-bioparticle model, which provided crucial control for parameters in the CFBBR.

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal Using Sequencing Batch Bioreactor written by Muhamad Yasin Ismail and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to control the eutrophication problems, the removal of phosphorus has been increasingly important. The biological phosphorus removal using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was investigated using simulated municipal wastewater. Experiments were carried out in eight sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 d. The experiment is operated at loading rates (LR) of 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5 and 3.0 mg/L.d. The mixed cultured growth is increased with the increasing of LR according to the suspended solids readings. The graph of the suspended solid concentration, the phosphorus removal and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal is almost same which is increasing by time and loading rate. The higher the loading rate, the higher the value of suspended solid, phosphorus removal and COD removal. LR 5 mg/L.d shows the highest suspended solid (SS) concentration with average value of 846.24 mg/L. The highest value of phosphorus removal is at loading rate 5.0 mg/L.d with average removal of 57.38%. The COD removal is also highest at loading rate 5.0 mg/L.d with average removal of 64.33%. The removal was influenced by the biofilm growth according to the suspended solid readings. The highest SS reading give the highest removal for both phosphorus and COD. According to the Design Expert plotted, the highest phosphorus removal can be achieved at LR 5.0 mg/L with 56.89% removal. Same result in Design Expert for COD removal which give the highest removal of 61.69% at LR 5.0 mg/L.d. As for the SS concentration, the Design Expert determine that the optimum value of SS is at LR 5.0 mg/L.d with the value of 840.92 mg/L.

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal in Bench scale Membrane Bioreactor and Full scale Sequencing Batch Reactor Under Various Configurations and Conditions written by Cagatayhan Bekir Ersu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nutrient removal was studied and modeled for a submerged bench-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). Of the five configurations studied, the configuration with mixed liquor recirculation to the anaerobic compartment and permeate recirculation to the anoxic compartment gave the best results with 92.3 % sCOD, 75.6% TN, 62.4% TP removal, and almost complete nitrification (97.7%) at 25 days SRT and 2 hrs anaerobic, 2 hrs anoxic and 8 hrs oxic HRTs. When recirculation rates were varied within the same configuration, the highest TP removal was 88.1% with 300%/100% (mixed liquor/permeate) recirculation while the highest TN removal (90.3%) was with 200%/300% recirculation. TN and TP concentrations as low as 4.2 ± 0.1 mg/L and 1.4 ± 0.2 mg/L were obtained, respectively. The Biowin® AS/AD model, calibrated against a set of experimental data, predicted the effluent TN, TP and NO3− -N concentrations of MBR for varying recirculation configurations. Varying the SRT in the MBR impacted nutrient removal with 77.9% TN and 70.3% TP removal for 25 days SRT, 80.6% TN and 75.5% TP removal for 50 days SRT, and 84.8% TN and 61.5% TP removal for 75 days SRT. Biowin® modeling showed that the anoxic heterotrophic yield, oxic endogenous decay rate, anoxic hydrolysis factor, anaerobic hydrolysis factor, and fermentation rate increased proportionally with SRT. The estimated microbial kinetic parameters from Biowin® modeling for various SRTs predicted the experimental effluent quality at an SRT of 35 days. Incorporation of anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic sequences with intermittent aeration into the cycles of a full-scale sequencing batch reactor system (SBR) resulted in improvement in biological nutrient removal for the treatment of municipal wastewater and wastewater from a salad dressing plant. The two modified SBR schemes tested provided excellent sCOD removal (93 - 98%), TN removal (84 -90%) and TP removal (86 - 88%) in comparison to the regular SBR scheme which gave 55% TN removal and 45% TP removal. Winter temperatures impacted TN and TP removal negatively but did not impact sCOD and NH3-N removal.

Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment Resource Recovery Technologies Impacts on Energy Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.

Download or read book Nutrient Removal in a Dual media Fluidized Bed Reactor written by Stephanie Ann McMackin and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Materials Management written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work analyzes and assesses global environmental management techniques for environmental materials with a focus on their performance and economic benefits, proposing eco-friendly solutions and designating policies that will sustain the environment for future generations. It addresses management of environmental materials as not only a complex anthropogenic problem, but also as an expensive problem that needs to be managed sustainably. Simultaneously, it considers the environmental and economic benefits involved in the high levels of investment and operation costs required to develop effective materials collection and management systems in modern society.