Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Soft Corals and Black Corals and Implications for Paleoceanography in the Western Tropical Pacific written by Branwen Williams and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Changes in the chemical and biological oceanography accompanying shifts in ENSO conditions in the western tropical Pacific are not well understood and this understanding would be enhanced by high resolution, century-scale proxy records spanning the euphotic zone. Soft corals and black corals are abundant in the western tropical Pacific from the near surface to thousands of meters deep, deposit organic skeleton in concentric bands, and live for hundreds to thousands of years. Geochemical measurements across colony growth axes can serve as proxies for the biogeochemistry of particulate organic matter (POM). Yet, proxy records from these corals in the climatically-sensitive western tropical Pacific have not yet been developed. Here, quantifying the natural variability in organic skeletal [delta]13C and [delta]15N values facilitated comparisons of skeletal records from multiple taxa across a depth transect within the euphotic zone. Similar [delta]15N values between black corals and soft corals collected from a reef offshore of Palau suggest these orders feed at the same trophic level while lower [delta]13C values in black corals than soft corals indicate a correction of +1.5% is needed to compare [delta]13C values between orders. In addition, due to chemical alteration of their food, suspended POM, with depth, a +0.25 %/10 m correction needs to be applied to [delta]13C values and -0.15 %/10 m correction needs to be applied to [delta]15N values to compare records from multiple depths. Stable isotopes ([delta]13C and [delta]15N) and trace elements (Br, I, Pb, Mn, Cd, Zn, and B) were measured in one Antipathes black coral colony from 5 m and two Muricella soft coral colonies from 85 m and 105 m, all collected offshore of Palau. Records were dated with a radiocarbon (14C)-derived chronology. The [delta]13C records decreased at rates consistent with the oceanic 13C-Suess effect, indicating anthropogenic carbon was a primary control on the [delta]13C of suspended POM through the top 105 m of the water. Very different [delta]15N records were derived from the shallow Antipathes colony than the deeper Muricella colonies. Since all three colonies fed on suspended POM in the water column, the dissimilar records indicated different controls on [delta]15N values of suspended POM within and below the mixed layer. While changes in the source of POM to the 5 m Antipathes colony with shifts in the relative strength of currents bathing Palau within the mixed layer may drive increases and decreases in shallow [delta]15N record, gradually decreasing [delta]15N values in both of the deeper Muricella records indicated a shoaling of the mean nutricline depth in recent decades. Three radial transects measured by LA-ICP-MS were only reproducible in the Antipathes colony, supporting these corals for trace element reconstructions. This research is the first to develop soft corals and black corals in the western Pacific as proxies of seawater chemistry across the euphotic zone. Together, these corals provide paleoceanographic information on annual to centennial timescale changes in seawater chemistry across the depth range from near surface to thousands of meters deep.
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Western Pacific Ocean in a Changing Anthropocene written by Jing Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-08 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph is based on the research and training activities in the Western Pacific Ocean Region within the umbrella of UNESCO/IOC-Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific Region. The results of these activities are compared to cases from other tropical and subtropical regions on this planet to make the knowledge applicable to global aspects of sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. In this monograph, we examine the coral reefs from viewpoint of multidisciplinary approaches, including, environmental impacts, coral biology and system ecology, biogeochemical cycles and processes that drive the material and energy flow through the food web, as well as the proxies in geochemistry that have been used to track the responses of coral reefs to the changing climate and human perturbations. Although this study is focused on the Western Pacific Ocean, the Western Pacific Ocean is so large and diverse that most reef environment types on this planet are located within it. Therefore, knowledge gained in this study is relevant to the application of coastal management in practice as well as in the teaching classes on the interactions between coral reef ecosystems with changing environments.
Download or read book Biogeochemical Proxies of Environmental Change in Surface and Deep sea Corals from the Pacific written by Erin Brendan Roark and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Coral Window on Western Tropical Pacific Climate During the Pleistocene written by Kelly Halimeda Kilbourne and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The reduced seasonal SSS variations and increased SSTs near Vanuatu are interpreted as evidence that the SPCZ was displaced from its present location while the fossil coral lived. The geochemical response to El Nino events in the modern coral is observed twice in the fossil coral record, indicating that ENSO-like processes are not unique to interglacial time periods, but characterize the tropical Pacific at least back to MIS 10.
Download or read book Precious Corals Fisheries Western Pacific written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coral Reefs An Ecosystem in Transition written by Zvy Dubinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers in one volume materials scattered in hundreds of research articles, in most cases focusing on specialized aspects of coral biology. In addition to the latest developments in coral evolution and physiology, it presents chapters devoted to novel frontiers in coral reef research. These include the molecular biology of corals and their symbiotic algae, remote sensing of reef systems, ecology of coral disease spread, effects of various scenarios of global climate change, ocean acidification effects of increasing CO2 levels on coral calcification, and damaged coral reef remediation. Beyond extensive coverage of the above aspects, key issues regarding the coral organism and the reef ecosystem such as calcification, reproduction, modeling, algae, reef invertebrates, competition and fish are re-evaluated in the light of new research and emerging insights. In all chapters novel theories as well as challenges to established paradigms are introduced, evaluated and discussed. This volume is indispensible for all those involved in coral reef management and conservation.
Download or read book Coral Reefs and Climate Change written by Jonathan Turnbull Phinney and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 61. The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and related climate change on shallow coral reefs are gaining considerable attention for scientific and economic reasons worldwide. Although increased scientific research has improved our understanding of the response of coral reefs to climate change, we still lack key information that can help guide reef management. Research and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems over the past few decades have documented two major threats related to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2: (1) increased sea surface temperatures and (2) increased seawater acidity (lower pH). Higher atmospheric CO2 levels have resulted in rising sea surface temperatures and proven to be an acute threat to corals and other reef-dwelling organisms. Short periods (days) of elevated sea surface temperatures by as little as 1–2°C above the normal maximum temperature has led to more frequent and more widespread episodes of coral bleaching-the expulsion of symbiotic algae. A more chronic consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 is the lowering of pH of surface waters, which affects the rate at which corals and other reef organisms secrete and build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by an estimated 0.1 unit since preindustrial times, and will continue to decline in concert with rising atmospheric CO2. These climate-related Stressors combined with other direct anthropogenic assaults, such as overfishing and pollution, weaken reef organisms and increase their susceptibility to disease.
Download or read book Cold Water Corals and Ecosystems written by André Freiwald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-17 with total page 1242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold-water coral ecosystems figure the formation of large seabed structures such as reefs and giant carbonate mounds; they represent unexplored paleo-environmental archives of earth history. Like their tropical cousins, cold-water coral ecosystems harbour rich species diversity. For this volume, key institutions in cold-water coral research have contributed 62 state-of-the-art articles on topics from geology and oceanography to biology and conservation, with some impressive underwater images.
Download or read book The Glacial control Theory of Coral Reefs written by Reginald Aldworth Daly and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biogeochemical Controls on Palaeoceanographic Environmental Proxies written by William E. N. Austin and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2008 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of our information about the evolution of Earth's ocean-climate system comes from the analysis of sediments laid down in the past. For example, the microfossil assemblage reflects the temperature, salinity and nutrient abundance of the water in which the organisms lived, while the chemical and isotopic composition of biogenic carbonates may be used to reconstruct past variations in the operation of the carbon cycle, as well as changes in ocean circulation. Nevertheless, understanding the link between these sediment variables (or 'proxies') and environmental conditions is not straightforward. This volume adopts a novel approach by bringing together palaeontologists, geochemists and palaeoceanographers, who contribute evidence that is required to better constrain these proxies. Topics include: (i) processes of biomineralization, and their effect on the chemical and isotopic composition of different organisms; (ii) proxy validation, including field, laboratory and theoretical studies; (iii) the links between modern and fossil organisms
Download or read book Optics and Ecophysiology of Coral Reef Organisms written by Daniel Wangpraseurt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coral Bleaching written by Madeleine J. H. van Oppen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-08-29 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most dire consequences of global climate change for coral reefs is the increased frequency and severity of mass coral bleaching events. This volume provides information on the causes and consequences of coral bleaching for coral reef ecosystems, from the level of individual colonies to ecosystems and at different spatial scales, as well as a detailed analysis of how it can be detected and quantified. Future scenarios based on modelling efforts and the potential mechanisms of acclimatisation and adaptation are reviewed. The much more severe coral bleaching events experienced on Caribbean coral reefs (compared with those of the Indo-Pacific) are discussed, as are the differences in bleaching susceptibility and recovery that have been observed on smaller geographic scales.
Download or read book Coral Bleaching written by Madeleine J. H. van Oppen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most dire consequences of global climate change for coral reefs is the increased frequency and severity of mass coral bleaching events. This volume provides information on the causes and consequences of coral bleaching for coral reef ecosystems, from the level of individual colonies to ecosystems and at different spatial scales, as well as a detailed analysis of how it can be detected and quantified. Future scenarios based on modelling efforts and the potential mechanisms of acclimatisation and adaptation are reviewed. The much more severe coral bleaching events experienced on Caribbean coral reefs (compared with those of the Indo-Pacific) are discussed, as are the differences in bleaching susceptibility and recovery that have been observed on smaller geographic scales.
Download or read book Biogeography and Diversity of Reef Corals of the Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic written by Héctor Reyes Bonilla and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biogeochemical Proxies in Scleractinian Corals Used to Reconstruct Ocean Circulation written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We utilize monthly 14C data derived from coral archives in conjunction with ocean circulation models to address two questions: (1) how does the shallow circulation of the tropical Pacific vary on seasonal to decadal time scales and (2) which dynamic processes determine the mean vertical structure of the equatorial Pacific thermocline. Our results directly impact the understanding of global climate events such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). To study changes in ocean circulation and water mass distribution involved in the genesis and evolution of ENSO and decadal climate variability, it is necessary to have records of climate variables several decades in length. Continuous instrumental records are limited because technology for continuous monitoring of ocean currents has only recently been available, and ships of opportunity archives such as COADS contain large spatial and temporal biases. In addition, temperature and salinity in surface waters are not conservative and thus can not be independently relied upon to trace water masses, reducing the utility of historical observations. Radiocarbon (14C) in sea water is a quasi-conservative water mass tracer and is incorporated into coral skeletal material, thus coral 14C records can be used to reconstruct changes in shallow circulation that would be difficult to characterize using instrumental data. High resolution [Delta]14C timeseries such as these, provide a powerful constraint on the rate of surface ocean mixing and hold great promise to augment onetime surveys such as GEOSECS and WOCE. These data not only provide fundamental information about the shallow circulation of the Pacific, but can be used as a benchmark for the next generation of high resolution ocean models used in prognosticating climate change.
Download or read book Species Stability in Reef Corals of Papua New Guinea and the Indo Pacific written by John Edward Norwood Veron and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific written by Peter W. Glynn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents and examines the state of health of coral reefs in the eastern tropical Pacific region. It touches on the occurrence of coral reefs in the waters of surrounding countries, and it explores their biogeography, biodiversity and condition relative to the El Niño southern oscillation and human impacts. Additionally contained within is a field that presents information on many of the species presented in the preceding chapters.
