Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycle of Mercury in Reservoir Systems in Wujiang River Basin Southwest China written by Xinbin Feng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an intensive study on the biogeochemical cycle of mercury in a river-reservoir system in Wujiang River Basin, the upper branch of the Yangtze River. Six reservoirs located in the mainstream of the Wujiang River and their corresponding inflow/outflow rivers were selected for inclusion in this study, which was conducted by researchers from the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The concentration and distribution of Hg in reservoirs (the water column, sediment, sediment pore water), inflow/outflow rivers of reservoirs, and wet deposition in Wujiang River Basin were systematically investigated, and measurements were taken of the water/air exchange flux of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM). On the basis of the data gathered, a detailed mass balance of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the six reservoirs was developed. In addition, the book identifies the primary factors controlling Hg methylation in the river-reservoir system in Wujiang River Basin. The accumulation and bio-magnification of Hg species within food chains in reservoirs and human health risk of MeHg exposure through fish consumption are also included in this book.
Download or read book Human and Ecological Risk Assessment written by Dennis J. Paustenbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-23 with total page 1319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the fundamentals of human risk assessment with this introduction and reference Human risk assessments are a precondition for virtually all industrial action or environmental regulation, all the more essential in a world where chemical and environmental hazards are becoming more abundant. These documents catalog potential environmental, toxicological, ecological, or other harms resulting from a particular hazard, from chemical spills to construction projects to dangerous workplaces. They turn on a number of variables, of which the most significant is the degree of human exposure to the hazardous agent or process. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment combines the virtues of a textbook and reference work to introduce and analyze these vital documents. Beginning with the foundational theory of human health risk assessment, it then supplies case studies and detailed analysis illustrating the practice of producing risk assessment documents. Fully updated and authored by leading authorities in the field, the result is an indispensable work. Readers of the second edition of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment will also find: Over 40 entirely new case studies reflecting the latest in risk assessment practice Detailed discussion of hazards including air emissions, contaminated food and soil, hazardous waste sites, and many more Case studies from multiple countries to reflect diverse international standards Human and Ecological Risk Assessment is ideal for professionals and advanced graduate students in toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, environmental science, and all related subjects.
Download or read book Redox and Oxygen Control on Water Quality and Mercury Cycling in the Profundal Zone of California Reservoirs written by Byran Conway Fuhrmann and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California reservoirs are vital resources that serve as a source of raw water for drinking water production, as well as providing other beneficial uses such as flood control, recreation, and wildlife habitat. These benefits can be limited by the excessive growth of algae and poor water quality associated with nutrients enrichment and eutrophication. In eutrophic reservoirs, nutrients can be released from profundal sediment when oxygen is depleted in the bottom water. These nutrients can exacerbate eutrophication if mixed into surface waters. Hypolimnetic anoxia is associated with a variety of additional water quality issues including reduced water treatment efficiency and the release of toxins. The first objective of this dissertation was to investigate the economic implications and greenhouse gas emissions associated with hypolimnetic oxygenation, a system designed to prevent anaerobic conditions in bottom waters to improve water quality and treatability. This study performed an economic analysis and a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a hypolimnetic oxygenation system (HOS) installed in Upper San Leandro (USL), a drinking water reservoir in Oakland, California. The assessment compared water treatment and reservoir management operations under two scenarios, past conditions without a HOS and current conditions where a HOS is operated to improve water treatability. The largest economic benefit and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) for the HOS scenario relative to previous operations was obtained from the reduction in ozone use for disinfection in the water treatment process. Construction costs had a more substantial impact than the cost of oxygen use in the net present value (NPV) of the HOS over its lifetime. In contrast, the LCA revealed that HOS oxygen use contributed the larger proportion of GHG emissions. Overall, results indicate that the implementation of HOS in USL was profitable and will lead to reduced GHG emissions over the assumed 60-year life of the system. The second objective of this research was to investigate mercury cycling in Hodges Reservoir, a hypereutrophic sulfate-rich reservoir in San Diego, California. Anaerobic conditions at the sediment-water interface are associated with the buildup of methylmercury (MeHg), an organic form of mercury produced by anaerobic bacteria, in profundal sediment and water. MeHg poses a threat to ecosystem and human health due to its ability to bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs. The overarching goal of this work was to gain deeper insight into MeHg biogeochemical cycling during anaerobic conditions in the profundal zone to inform reservoir management about key mechanisms involved in mercury production, with the aim of lowering mercury bioaccumulation and protecting human and wildlife health. The first study in this effort tracked MeHg production, degradation, and release into hypolimnetic water while anaerobic conditions were prevalent at the sediment-water interface. This involved tracking MeHg in the sediment, porewater, and water column, as well as associated parameters of interest such as redox acceptors and organic matter. Sediment-associated MeHg was greatest at the onset of anaerobic conditions, suggesting MeHg production in profundal sediment may be greatest during the oxic-anoxic transition, due to the abundance of redox acceptors to fuel anaerobic respiration. The depletion of bioavailable iron-oxide occurred simultaneously with the liberation of MeHg from the sediment, suggesting iron-oxide dissolution led to the release of organic-matter-associated MeHg to overlay water. The activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the late spring and early summer was associated with the build-up of MeHg in profundal sediment. The depletion of sulfate in the porewater during mid-summer appears to have led to methanogenesis and high levels of biodemethylation. A second study used microcosm incubations of profundal sediment and bottom water to assess seasonal patterns of MeHg cycling under various chemical treatments. Treatments included addition of air, organic carbon, and microbial inhibitors. Both aeration and sodium molybdate, a SRB inhibitor, generally caused a decrease in MeHg concentration, likely by inhibiting SRB activity. A methanogenic inhibitor resulted in a significant increase in MeHg concentration, indicating a suppressive effect by methanogens on net MeHg production, potentially due to enhanced microbial demethylation. Pyruvate resulted in a significant increase in MeHg concentration in the spring when the sediment-water interface was moderately reduced, but caused a significant decrease in the fall under highly reduced conditions. Acetate resulted in a significant increase in MeHg concentration, likely due to the stimulation of acetogenic SRB. Collective results highlight the complex temporal dynamics of MeHg cycling at the sediment-water interface, which is regulated by organic matter composition, redox acceptor availability, and sediment microbial community structure and activity. MeHg production and release at the sediment-water interface was elevated under moderately reduced conditions, which may be the primary period of MeHg entry into the water column and aquatic food web entry. This indicates that management strategies to repress mercury bioaccumulation should focus on the key window of moderately reducing conditions during the onset of anaerobic conditions. Hypolimnetic oxygenation, if it is designed and operated to maintain an oxygenated sediment-water interface, could be a viable approach to repress the MeHg release observed with iron-oxide dissolution and MeHg production in the surficial sediment by SRB. The study also showed that that the sediment-water interface transitioned to be a net sink for MeHg during highly reduced conditions in the fall, likely due to enhanced demethylation by methanogens. Thus, highly reduced conditions appear to be a sink for MeHg in the profundal zone. This indicates that care must be taken to ensure the sediment-water interface is fully oxygenated to prevent mildly reducing conditions associated with MeHg production and release. Together, the results of this comprehensive research suggest that hypolimnetic oxygenation can be an economically viable and environmentally sound solution to enhancing source water treatability while potentially reducing MeHg bioaccumulation.
Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycle of Mercury and Other Trace Metals in Aquatic Systems written by Tianhui Ma and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters written by Charles R. Goldman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of global warming on the physical, chemical, ecological structure and function and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems are not well understood and there are many opinions on how to adapt aquatic environments to global warming in order to minimize the negative effects of climate change. Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters presents a synthesis of the latest research on a whole range of inland water habitats – lakes, running water, wetlands – and offers novel and timely suggestions for future research, monitoring and adaptation strategies. A global approach, offered in this book, encompasses systems from the arctic to the Antarctic, including warm-water systems in the tropics and subtropics and presents a unique and useful source for all those looking for contemporary case studies and presentation of the latest research findings and discussion of mitigation and adaptation throughout the world. Edited by three of the leading limnologists in the field this book represents the latest developments with a focus not only on the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems but also offers a framework and suggestions for future management strategies and how these can be implemented in the future. Limnologists, Climate change biologists, fresh water ecologists, palaeoclimatologists and students taking relevant courses within the earth and environmental sciences will find this book invaluable. The book will also be of interest to planners, catchment managers and engineers looking for solutions to broader environmental problems but who need to consider freshwater ecology.
Download or read book Mercury in Fish Bed Sediment and Water from Streams Across the United States 1998 2005 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multifunctional Wetlands written by Nidhi Nagabhatla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how natural or constructed wetlands can be used to reduce pollution of freshwater and coastal ecosystems, while still preserving their biodiversity and ecological functions. Through a series of case histories described in 10 chapters in the monograph, the readers will gain an understanding of the opportunities, as well as the challenges associated with reducing point and non-point source pollution using natural, restored or constructed wetlands. The target audience will be water practitioners involved in projects utilizing integrated watershed management approaches to pollution abatement, as well as researchers who are designing projects focused on this topic.
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Download or read book Riverine Ecosystem Management written by Stefan Schmutz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelisation and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human acitivities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this. Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.
Download or read book Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-09-27 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury is widespread in our environment. Methylmercury, one organic form of mercury, can accumulate up the aquatic food chain and lead to high concentrations in predatory fish. When consumed by humans, contaminated fish represent a public health risk. Combustion processes, especially coal-fired power plants, are major sources of mercury contamination in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering regulating mercury emissions from those plants. Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury reviews the health effects of methylmercury and discusses the estimation of mercury exposure from measured biomarkers, how differences between individuals affect mercury toxicity, and appropriate statistical methods for analysis of the data and thoroughly compares the epidemiological studies available on methylmercury. Included are discussions of current mercury levels on public health and a delineation of the scientific aspects and policy decisions involved in the regulation of mercury. This report is a valuable resource for individuals interested in the public health effects and regulation of mercury. The report also provides an excellent example of the implications of decisions in the risk assessment process for a larger audience.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Mercury written by Charles Andrew McAuliffe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems written by Michael T. Arts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence now suggests that the roles of essential fatty acids as growth promoters and as indices of health and nutrition are fundamentally similar in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems integrates this divergent literature into a coordinated, digestible form. Chapters are organized so as to discuss and synthesize the flow of lipids from lower to higher trophic levels, up to and including humans. Linkages between the production, distribution and pathways of these essential compounds within the various levels of the aquatic food webs, and their ultimate uptake by humans and other terrestrial organisms, are highlighted throughout the book. This book will be of interest to researchers and resource managers working with aquatic ecosystems.
Download or read book Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario written by D. Persaud and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals written by Donald Mackay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-03-29 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete restructuring and updating of the classic 1982 Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods (commonly known as "Lyman's Handbook"), the Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals: Environmental and Health Sciences reviews and recommends practical methods for estimating environmentally important properties of organic chemic
Download or read book Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Mercury written by Guangliang Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the fundamentals, recent developments, and future research needs for critical mercury transformation and transport processes, as well as the experimental methods that have been employed in recent studies. The coverage discusses the environmental behavior and toxicological effects of mercury on organisms, including humans, and provides case studies at the end of each chapter. Bringing together information normally spread across several books, this text is unique in covering the entire mercury cycle and providing a baseline for what is known and what uncertainties remain in respect to mercury cycling.
Download or read book River to Reservoir written by P. Corbett and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together a number of papers from two workshops with the theme, ‘Rain, Rivers, Reservoirs’, which considered the dynamic changes to river systems as part of natural processes, particularly changing climatic conditions. Bringing researchers from two different locations to Brazil and the UK allowed scientists to contribute to and promote, ‘debate on current research…on how the planet works and how we can live sustainably on it’. This volume features a series of papers on the geoscience of modern and ancient rivers from across the world (Brazil, United States, Spain, Argentina, Canada, India and the UK), their evolution through time, their management, their deposits and their engineering, with both subsurface aquifers/hydrocarbon reservoirs (of Carboniferous, Triassic and Cretaceous age) and surface reservoirs considered.
Download or read book Mercury in the Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
