Download or read book Biodegradation of Gasoline Additive Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether in Water written by Wenhua Ye and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasoline additive Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) contaminated ground waters have been a problem nation wide with spills and leaky underground storage tanks. Biodegradation has been implemented under certain favorable environmental conditions. The biodegradation rates have been affected by treatments of nutrients, magnesium peroxide (oxygen), ethanol, temperature, pH and MTBE concentrations. This study was conducted to find the indigenous microorganisms which can degrade MTBE and assess how environmental factors would affect the biodegradation rates. This study compared MTBE biodegradation of the indigenous soil microorganisms with that of pure bacteria Methylobacterium mesophilicum, a well known MTBE degrade. In the pure culture Methylobacterium mesophilicum study, magnesium peroxide was found to enhance the MTBE biodegradation rate. However, ethanol was found to inhibit the biodegradation of MTBE, perhaps because it was degraded more easily and its metabolism decreased oxygen availability. In the soil microorganisms study, both magnesium peroxide and ethanol were found to enhance the MTBE biodegradation rates significantly. Co-metabolism between MTBE and ethanol may be possible in soil microorganisms.
Download or read book Contaminated Soil 90 written by F.. Arendt and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxygenates in Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biodegradation of Methyl Tert butyl Ether written by Amy Pruden and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the potential for biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a prevalent gasoline additive and groundwater contaminant, under various substrate and oxidation-reduction (redox) conditions. Porous pot reactors designed for biomass retention were operated aerobically under the following conditions: MTBE only, MTBE and ethanol, MTBE and di-isopropyl ether, MTBE and diethyl ether, and MTBE with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX). In all reactors, optimal performance was achieved when operated without biomass wasting. Mineralization of MTBE and the alternative substrates was observed in all reactors, with an average stable effluent concentration of all compounds being at or below 1 ppb (0.001 mg/l). Anaerobically, MTBE degradation was investigated in porous pot reactors and in batch systems. After a 180 day acclimation period, conversion of MTBE to its intermediate, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), was observed in both batch and continuous-flow iron-reducing systems, and one instance of degradation was observed in the denitrifying porous pot reactor. No degradation of MTBE under methanogenic or sulfate-reducing conditions was observed after over 1 year of incubation. A molecular tool, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to monitor and profile the bacterial community structure of all reactors. Members of the Flexibacter-Bacterioides-Cytophaga (F-B-C) group of bacteria were most represented among all aerobic reactors, while delta-Proteobacteria were found to be prevalent in the iron-reducing system. Beta-Proteobacteria with high similarity to the known MTBE degrader, PM1, were detected by DGGE late in operation of the MTBE only and the MTBE and BTEX reactors. Two pure MTBE-degrading cultures with high similarity to PM1 were also isolated from the MTBE only reactor. Studies in pure culture also indicated no significant effect of alternative substrate (BTEX) on MTBE degradation. Results indicate that aerobic degradation of MTBE is reliable under various substrate conditions, and that a porous pot reactor designed for biomass retention is highly effective for attaining low effluent concentrations of MTBE and its intermediates.
Download or read book Use of Methyl Tertiary butyl Ether MTBE in Gasoline written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methyl Tertiary butyl Ether written by M. Gillner and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Used almost exclusively as a fuel additive, MTBE is blended with gasoline to provide both octane enhancement and an increase in oxygen content. MTBE currently numbers among the 50 chemicals produced in the highest volume worldwide. Production and use are expected to increase, particularly in countries where oxygenated or reformulated gasolines are required in national programs aimed at reducing ambient air levels of carbon monoxide and ozone or benzene and other volatile hydrocarbons. A summary of sources of human and environmental exposure is followed by an assessment of what is known about the chemical's environmental behavior and fate. Studies demonstrate that, after discharge into air, MTBE largely remains in the air, with smaller amounts entering soil and water. Although atmospheric MTBE can partition into rain, data indicate that atmospheric transformation by hydroxyl radicals is a more important pathway of removal.
Download or read book Occurrence and Implications of Methyl Tert butyl Ether and Gasoline Hydrocarbons in Ground Water and Source Water in the United States and in Drinking Water in 12 Northeast and Mid atlantic States 1993 2002 written by Michael J. Moran and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MTBE BTEX and Oxygenates Biodegradation in Biomass Concentrator Reactors written by Ali Medella and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl tert butyl ether is an oxygenate added to gasoline to increase the octane rating and improve gasoline combustion. Assessment of MTBE biodegradation under aerobic conditions is conducted in Lab-scale Biomass Concentrator Reactors (BCRs). The Biomass Concentrator Reactors are miniature scale modified BCRs similar to the one operated at field-scale in Rhode Island. The BCRs were operated under high flow rates, 78.27 l/day and 137.5 l/day of dechlorinated tap Water, containing high concentrations of MTBE and other gasoline additives namely DIPE (di-isopropyl ether), ETBE (ethyl tert butyl ether), TAME (tert amyl methyl ether), TAA (tert amyl alcohol) and gasoline constituents BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene and p-Xylene). The BCRs were effective in the removal of the aforementioned contaminants to concentrations less than 5 ug/l, which is the California drinking water advisory for MTBE. A tracer study was also conducted on the reactors; and a mathematical model that describes the hydraulic flow rates within the reactors was obtained. Finally, the performance of the BCRs was investigated under shock loading and intermittence of feeding (starvation tests) of the contaminants of concern to evaluate the propensity of the reactor recovery. The BCRs were found resilient to fluctuations in substrate conditions.
Download or read book Summary of Workshop on Biodegradation of MTBE February 1 3 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Oxygenates written by Damià Barceló and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals mainly with the problems associated with the contamination of groundwater by MTBE and TBA, but ETBE is also considered. The book, written by recognized specialists in the field, is organized in sections covering state-of-the-art analytical methods, including specific isotopic analysis, occurrence in the environment, transport and degradation processes, treatment technologies and human health risks.
Download or read book Occurrence and implications of methyl tert butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons in ground water and source water in the United States and in drinking water in 12 northeast and mid atlantic states 1993 2002 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Behavior and Fate of Methyl Tert butyl Ether MTBE written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Opisanie izdanij grazdanskoj pecati 1708 1725 g written by and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Degradation of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE in a Vapor Phase Biofilter written by Jeffrey Hodges Scarano and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons Oils and Lipids Biodegradation and Bioremediation written by Robert J. Steffan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book international experts discuss the state-of-the-art in the biological degradation of hydrocarbons to meet remedial or disposal goals. The work focuses on practical applications, often on globally important scales including the remediation of some of the world’s largest crude oil spills. Other related chapters discuss important implications of microbial transformation of hydrocarbons, including treatment of high fat processing wastes, impacts of microbial biodegradation activity on industrial processes, and the implications of microbial oil degradation in relation to modern oil extraction processes like hydraulic fracturing of shales and extraction of oil sands.
Download or read book Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation written by Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.
Download or read book Environmental Forensics written by R E Hester and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Environmental forensics' is a combination of analytical and environmental chemistry, which is useful in the court room context. It therefore involves field analytical studies and both data interpretation and modelling connected with the attribution of pollution events to their causes. Recent decades have seen a burgeoning of legislation designed to protect the environment and, as the costs of environmental damage and clean-up are considerable, not only are there prosecutions by regulatory agencies, but the courts are also used as a means of adjudication of civil damage claims relating to environmental causes or environmental degradation. As a result is the increasing number of prosecutions of companies who have breached regulations for environmental protection and in civil claims relating to harm caused by excessive pollutant releases to the environment. Such cases can become extremely protracted as expert witnesses provide their sometimes conflicting interpretations of environmental measurement data and their meaning. It is in this context that environmental forensics is developing as a specialism, leading to greater formalisation of investigative methods which should lead to more definitive findings and less scope for experts to disagree. Now a significant subject in its own right, at least one journal devoted to the field and a number of degree courses have sprung up. As a result of the topicality and rapid growth of the subject area, is the publication of this book - the 26th volume in the highly acclaimed Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series. This volume contains authoritative articles by a number of the leading practitioners across the globe in the environmental forensics field and aims to cover some of the main techniques and areas to which environmental forensics are being applied. The content is comprehensive and describes a number of the key areas within environmental forensics - topics covered by the authors include: - Source identification issues - Microbial techniques - Metal contamination and methods of assigning liability - The use of isotopes to determine sources and their applications - Molecular biological methods - Hydrocarbon fingerprinting techniques - Oil chemistry and key compound identification - The emerging role of environmental forensics in groundwater pollution Additionally, the volume considers specific pollutants and long-lived pollutants of groundwater such as halocarbons which have presented particular problems and which are described in some depth, as well as the way in which chemical degradation processes can lead to compositional changes which provide valuable information. The book provides a comprehensive overview of many of the key areas of environmental forensics written by some of the leading experts in the field. It will be both of specialist use to those seeking expert insights into the field and its capabilities as well as of more general interest to those involved in both environmental analytical science and environmental law.
