Download or read book Biocorrosion of 1018 Steel in Sulfide Rich Marine Environments written by Joshua Daniel Martin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbially induced corrosion (MIC) of steel due to the presence of sulfide is a leading cause of pit formation of carbon steel in fuel-seawater environments. While extensively studied, the exact causes of pitting corrosion in naval fuel tanks when exposed to MIC in the presence of fuel and seawater are not completely understood. This thesis focuses on the role that cold-rolling of carbon steel plays on corrosion while subjected to sulfidogenic, suboxic corrosive environments. Particularly, the effects of microscopic residual strain found within 1018 steel on the anodic dissolution of the metal is studied in different MIC sulfide environments using EBSD, AFM, FE-SEM, EDX, and electrochemistry. It is found that regions of increased plastic deformation of the crystalline lattice as a result of cold rolling correlate to an increase in anodic dissolution rates of 1018 steel coupons cut parallel to rolling direction. Image overlay provides a verification of the location of corrosion of samples to the same locations found in EBSD mapping taken prior to corrosion, ensuring the predictive value of EBSD analysis in establishing locations of accelerated corrosion. The effect of different corrosion environments on the corrosion rate of steel is measured through electrochemistry. Values obtained through these measurements are applied using mechanochemical theories to predict the localized dissolution rate of the steel due to strain using computational methods. Mechanochemical analysis of the strained areas results in predicted corrosion rates within an order of magnitude of the corrosion rates measured using AFM for the exposed time period at the same locations. Areas exhibiting increased corrosion rates occur in areas exhibiting increased strain as measured by EBSD analysis. Further electrochemical results show an increase in corrosion rates for suboxic sulfide rich systems containing low levels of oxygen, when compared to anaerobic sulfide environments. Variations in corrosion current density as a function of oxygen presence, as measured by electrochemistry, accurately predict variations in mechanochemical corrosion rates of strained areas well within an order of magnitude. Results from this study support the use of EBSD as a means to further the understanding of pitting corrosion as a function of material properties.
Download or read book Failure Analysis of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion written by Richard B. Eckert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-07 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Failure Analysis of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion serves as a complete guide to corrosion failure analysis with an emphasis on the diagnosis of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). By applying the principles of chemistry, microbiology, and metallurgy, readers will be able to reliably determine the mechanistic cause of corrosion damage and failures and select the appropriate methods for mitigating future corrosion incidents. FEATURES Provides background information on the forensic process, types of data or evidence needed to perform the analysis, industrial case studies, details on the MIC failure analysis process, and protocols for field and lab use Presents up-to-date advances in molecular technologies and their application to corrosion failure investigations Offers specific guidelines for conducting MIC failure analyses and case studies to illustrate their application Examines state-of-the-art information on MIC analytical tools and methods With authors with expertise in microbiology, corrosion, materials, and failure investigation, this book provides tools for engineers, scientists, and technologists to successfully combat MIC issues.
Download or read book Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion written by Brenda J. Little and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-13 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-disciplinary, multi-industry overview of microbiologically influenced corrosion, with strategies for diagnosis and control or prevention Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion helps engineers and scientists understand and combat the costly failures that occur due to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). This book combines recent findings from diverse disciplines into one comprehensive reference. Complete with case histories from a variety of environments, it covers: Biofilm formation Causative organisms, relating bacteria and fungi to corrosion mechanisms for groups of metals Diagnosing and monitoring MIC Electrochemical techniques, with an overview of methods for detection of MIC The impact of alloying elements, including antimicrobial metals, and design features on MIC MIC of non-metallics Strategies for control or prevention of MIC, including engineering, chemical, and biological approaches This is a valuable, all-inclusive reference for corrosion scientists, engineers, and researchers, as well as designers, managers, and operators.
Download or read book Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion written by Reza Javaherdashti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significantly extended from the first edition, this book presents the basics of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in an accessible and concise manner. It explores strategies for recognizing, understanding, mitigating and preventing this type of corrosion, and investigates this topic from the point of view of an engineer. Chapters cover issues including stress corrosion cracking and microbial corrosion, the pros and cons of biocides, the involvement of magnetic bacteria in microbial corrosion, and cathodic protection based on recent research in microbial environments. The 2nd Edition provides new material examining the following topics: *The corrosion-related bacteria clostridia *Mathematical modelling of MIC, in particular fuzzy logic *A comparison of culture-independent methods with culture-dependent methods *Further practical strategies for dealing with MIC *Natural biocidesThis book has provided course material for the author’s microbial corrosion workshops around the world, and it presents an invaluable resource to corrosion and integrity professionals working in a wide range of industries including power generation, oil and gas, marine, and mining. It is also intended for students and academics of corrosion engineering, materials science, microbiology, chemical engineering and welding.
Download or read book Carbon and Alloy Steels written by Joseph R. Davis and published by Asm International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a general introduction, which reviews steelmaking practices as well as the classification, general properties, and applications of steel, this volume contains four major sections that describe processing characteristics, service characteristics, corrosion behavior, and material requirement
Download or read book Mycotoxins Wood Decay Plant Stress Biocorrosion and General Biodeterioration written by Gerald C. Llewellyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, unlike the three preceding it, represents the collected papers from an experiment with an "electronic symposium". Co-participators in this symposium included The George Washington University, The Smithsonian Institution, Clark Atlanta University, the Agriculture Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, The University of Georgia, Morris Brown College, Spellman College, Morehouse College, North Carolina State University at Raleigh, The United States Food and Drug Administration, and the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture among others. This unusual "electronic symposium" concept was developed by members of the Program, Planning and Organizing Committee as an alternative to the more costly convention-type symposium. As before, leading scientists in specific topic areas were invited to participate. Topic Session chairpersons were encouraged to arrange their own method of communication by telephone, electronic mail, or conference call, and report their findings back to the symposium center at The George Washington University. Additional papers were accepted from individuals and laboratories who are actively involved in relevant areas of research and study. Participation was also arranged for internationally established scientists. International authors are represented herein from Nigeria, Italy, Spain, Brazil and Argentina. Our goal was to present a research composite volume that reflected current developments, informed reviews, new and recently developing areas of the present state of knowledge as it relates to these proceeding topics. All of the reports included in this volume have undergone scientific, technical and editorial peer review.
Download or read book Microbially Induced Corrosion and its Mitigation written by Ajay K. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief covers case studies on Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC) and its mitigation. After reviewing the basics of corrosion, it focuses on MIC. MIC is a special type of electrochemical corrosion in which the presence of microbes and bacteria alters the chemistry of liquid media so as to make them more corrosive. These changes are harmful to metallic equipment, processing machinery, marine vessels, etc. in an environment that is host to a wealth of microorganisms. A 2007 US survey estimated corrosion-related damages to cost $276 billion a year, roughly 50% of which are due to MIC. The industries most affected by MIC are power production, oil exploration, transportation and storage, water distribution and more generally all industries involving marine environments. However, means for effectively preventing and controlling MIC are poorly understood. As such, the book’s later chapters address various mechanisms/processes that show promise with regard to MIC mitigation. Lastly, the book discusses the strategies currently being explored to mitigate MIC using green technologies.
Download or read book Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion monitoring techniques play a key role in efforts to combat corrosion, which can have major economic and safety implications. This important book starts with a review of corrosion fundamentals and provides a four-part comprehensive analysis of a wide range of methods for corrosion monitoring, including practical applications and case studies. The first part of the book reviews electrochemical techniques for corrosion monitoring, such as polarization techniques, potentiometric methods, electrochemical noise and harmonic analyses, galvanic sensors, differential flow through cells and multielectrode systems. A second group of chapters analyses the physical or chemical methods of corrosion monitoring. These include gravimetric, radioactive tracer, hydrogen permeation, electrical resistance and rotating cage techniques. Part II also includes a chapter on the innovative nondestructive evaluation technologies that can be used to monitor corrosion. Part III examines corrosion monitoring in special environments such as microbial systems, concrete and soil, and remote monitoring and model predictions. A final group of chapters includes various case studies covering ways in which corrosion monitoring can be applied to engine exhaust systems, cooling water systems, pipelines, equipment in chemical plants, and other real world systems. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Techniques for corrosion monitoring is a valuable reference guide for engineers and scientific and technical personnel who deal with corrosion in such areas as automotive engineering, power generation, water suppliers and the petrochemical industry. Provides a comprehensive analysis of the range of techniques for corrosion monitoring Specific case studies are included to highlight the main issues A valuable reference guide for engineers, scientific and technical personnel who deal with corrosion
Download or read book The Perfect Slime written by Hans-Curt Flemming and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Perfect Slime presents the latest state of knowledge and all aspects of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances, (EPS) matrix – from the ecological and health to the antifouling perspectives. The book brings together all the current material in order to expand our understanding of the functions, properties and characteristics of the matrix as well as the possibilities to strengthen or weaken it. The EPS matrix represents the immediate environment in which biofilm organisms live. From their point of view, this matrix has paramount advantages. It allows them to stay together for extended periods and form synergistic microconsortia, it retains extracellular enzymes and turns the matrix into an external digestion system and it is a universal recycling yard, it protects them against desiccation, it allows for intense communication and represents a huge genetic archive. They can remodel their matrix, break free and eventually, they can use it as a nutrient source. The EPS matrix can be considered as one of the emergent properties of biofilms and are a major reason for the success of this form of life. Nevertheless, they have been termed the “black matter of biofilms” for good reasons. First of all: the isolation methods define the results. In most cases, only water soluble EPS components are investigated; insoluble ones such as cellulose or amyloids are much less included. In particular in environmental biofilms with many species, it is difficult to impossible isolate, separate the various EPS molecules they are encased in and to define which species produced which EPS. The regulation and the factors which trigger or inhibit EPS production are still very poorly understood. Furthermore: bacteria are not the only microorganisms to produce EPS. Archaea, Fungi and algae can also form EPS. This book investigates the questions, What is their composition, function, dynamics and regulation? What do they all have in common?
Download or read book The Science and Technology of Industrial Water Treatment written by Zahid Amjad and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineral scale deposits, corrosion, suspended matter, and microbiological growth are factors that must be controlled in industrial water systems. Research on understanding the mechanisms of these problems has attracted considerable attention in the past three decades as has progress concerning water treatment additives to ameliorate these concerns.
Download or read book Developments in Corrosion Protection written by Mahmood Aliofkhazraei and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the first thing that comes to your mind after hearing the term “corrosion” is corrosion of a metal. Corrosion is a basically harmful phenomenon, but it can be useful in some cases. For instance, environment’s pollution with corrosion products and damage to the performance of a system are among its harmful effects, whereas electric energy generation in a battery and cathodic protection of many structures are among its advantages. However, these advantages are almost nothing as compared to the costs and effects imposed by its detrimental influences. The enormous costs of this phenomenon can be better understand through studying the published statistics on direct and indirect corrosion damages on economy of governments. The direct cost of corrosion is near 3 % of the gross domestic product (GDP) of USA. Considering this huge cost, it is necessary to develop and expand the corrosion science and its protection technologies.
Download or read book Mechanochemistry of Materials written by E. M. Gutman and published by Cambridge Int Science Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable advances have been made in mechanochemistry in the last couple of decades. Training of experts in this field with a background in materials science, chemical and mechanical engineering, etc. requires study of the fundamentals of mechanochemistry. There is a need for a textbook in the general and compressed form which would cover many aspects and would be used as a basis for understanding the fundamental principles to control mechanochemical phenomena. This textbook is based on lectures given by Prof Gutman in a graduate course in the mechanochemistry of materials at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. The book contains examples of experimental results to illustrate the mechanochemical phenomena and technologies Contents What is mechanochemistry of materials? Basic features of the behaviour of solids relevant to mechanochemical processes Irreversible thermodynamics of mechano-chemical reactions Kinetics of mechanochemical reactions under different stress state Main types of heterogeneous mechano-chemical reactions Mechanoelectrical phenomena and mechano-emission Application of mechanochemistry in materials engineering
Download or read book Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Testing written by Jeffery R. Kearns and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1994 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of the First International Symposium on [title], held in Miami during November of 1992, comprise a keynote address and 21 papers arranged in six topical sections: electrochemical methods; on-line monitoring methods; surface analysis techniques; SRB characterization; non-metallic mate
Download or read book Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry written by Torben Lund Skovhus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms are ubiquitously present in petroleum reservoirs and the facilities that produce them. Pipelines, vessels, and other equipment used in upstream oil and gas operations provide a vast and predominantly anoxic environment for microorganisms to thrive. The biggest technical challenge resulting from microbial activity in these engineered environments is the impact on materials integrity. Oilfield microorganisms can affect materials integrity profoundly through a multitude of elusive (bio)chemical mechanisms, collectively referred to as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC is estimated to account for 20 to 30% of all corrosion-related costs in the oil and gas industry. This book is intended as a comprehensive reference for integrity engineers, production chemists, oilfield microbiologists, and scientists working in the field of petroleum microbiology or corrosion. Exhaustively researched by leaders from both industry and academia, this book discusses the latest technological and scientific advances as well as relevant case studies to convey to readers an understanding of MIC and its effective management.
Download or read book Electron Based Bioscience and Biotechnology written by Masaharu Ishii and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive introduction to electron-based bioscience, biotechnology, and biocorrosion. It both explains the importance of electron flow during metabolic processes in microorganisms and provides valuable insights into emerging applications in various fields. In the opening section, readers will find up-to-date information on topics such as electron transfer reactions, extracellular electron transfer mechanisms, direct interspecies electron transfer, and electron uptake by sulfate-reducing bacteria. The focus then shifts to state-of-the-art advances and applications in the field of biotechnology. Here, the coverage encompasses e.g. progress in understanding electrochemical interactions between microorganisms and conductive particles, enzymatic reactions and their application in the bioproduction of useful chemicals, and the importance of redox balance for fatty acid production. In closing, the book addresses various aspects of the complex phenomenon of microbiologically induced corrosion, highlighting novel insights from the fields of electromicrobiology and electrochemistry and their implications.
Download or read book Sediments and Toxic Substances written by Wolfgang Calmano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern sediment research on contaminants five aspects are discussed which, in an overlapping succession, also reflect develop ment of knowledge on particle-associated pollutants during the past twenty-five years: (1) identification of sources and their distribution; (2) evaluation of solid/solution relations; (3) study of transfer mecha nisms to biological systems; (4) assessment of environment impact; and (5) selection and further development of remedial measures, in par ticular, of dredged materials. Scientific research and practical develop ment are still expanding in all these individual aspects. Similar to other waste materials, management of contaminated sed iments requires a holistic approach. This means that assessment of biogeochemical reactions, interfacial processes and transfer mecha nisms as well as the prognosis of long-term borderline conditions, in particular of capacity-controlling properties, should be an integrated part of the wider management scheme, i.e., the analytical and experi mental parameters should always be related to potential remediation options for a specific sediment problem. The underlying coordinated project, which was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Science and Technology (now the Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology) provided excellent opportunities for multidisciplinary effort, bringing together biologists, chemists, engineers, geologists and other researchers. During its active phase, the group attracted much interest nationally and internationally. The group members highly appreciate the manifold contacts and invitations during the past five years.
Download or read book The Cost of Corrosion in China written by Baorong Hou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 953 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers corrosion and corrosion protection in China in the areas including infrastructure, transportation, energy, water environment, as well as manufacturing and public utilities. Furthermore, it presents a major consulting project of Chinese Academy of Engineering, which was the largest corrosion investigation project in Chinese history, including the corresponding methods, processes and corrosion protection strategies, and provides valuable information for numerous industries. Sharing essential insights into corrosion prediction and decision-making, this book will help to decrease costs and extend the service life of equipment and facilities; accordingly, it will benefit scientists and engineers working on corrosion research and protection, as well as economists and government employees.
