Download or read book Biochemical and Molecular Genetic Studies of the RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complex written by Wade Powell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RNA as Molecular Motors 2E written by Robert Landick and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by expert scientists in the field, analyses how these diverse fields of research interact on a specific example - RNA polymerase.
Download or read book RNA Polymerases as Molecular Motors written by Henri C. Buc and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2009-04-16 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by expert scientists in the field, analyses how these diverse fields of research interact on a specific example - RNA polymerase. The book concentrates on RNA polymerases because they play a central role among all the other machines operating in the cell and are the target of a wide range of regulatory mechanisms. They have also been the subject of spectacular advances in their structural understanding in recent years, as testified by the attribution of the Nobel prize in chemistry in 2006 to Roger Kornberg. The book focuses on two aspects of the transcription cycle that have been more intensively studied thanks to this increased scientific cooperation - the recognition of the promoter by the enzyme, and the achievement of consecutive translocation steps during elongation of the RNA product. Each of these two topics is introduced by an overview, and is then presented by worldwide experts in the field, taking the viewpoint of their specialty. The overview chapters focus on the mechanism-structure interface and the structure-machine interface while the individual chapters within each section concentrate more specifically on particular processes-kinetic analysis, single-molecule spectroscopy, and termination of transcription, amongst others. Specific attention has been paid to the newcomers in the field, with careful descriptions of new emerging techniques and the constitution of an atlas of three-dimensional pictures of the enzymes involved.
Download or read book RNA Polymerase and Associated Factors Part D written by Sankar Adhya and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA polymerase is molecule important to gene transcription. Along with associated factors, RNA polymerase is part of the process in which RNA is transcribed to produce a protein.* Models and methods for studying polymerase translocation* Assay for movements of RNA polymerase along DNA* Engineering of elongation complexes of bacterial and yeast RNA polymerases
Download or read book DNA Directed RNA Polymerases Advances in Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases in a concise format. The editors have built DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Analysis of RNA Polymerase II Ternary Complexes written by Gretchen Ann Rice and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RNA Polymerase and Associated Factors Part C written by Sankar Adhya and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA polymerase is molecule important to gene transcription. Along with associated factors, RNA polymerase is part of the process in which RNA is transcribed to produce a protein.* Construction and purification of RNA polymerases* DNA microarrays and bacterial gene expression* Functional analysis of transcription factors
Download or read book Biochemical Studies on Transcription Elongation by RNA Polymerase II written by Weigang Gu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Directed RNA Polymerases Advances in Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about DNA Primase in a concise format. The editors have built DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about DNA Primase in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book RNA Polymerase III Transcription written by Robert J. White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph reviews and summarizes the substantial body of work that has been published on the transcription by polymerase III over the past 5 years. Progress in this field has been very rapid since 1993, and this new edition incorporates all the recent developments and offers the reader a highly detailed analysis of the current state of research on this largest and most complex of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
Download or read book Transcription written by Ronald C. Conaway and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1994 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a coherent account of many productive lines of investigation, organized as a series of mini-reviews that focus on major research areas including studies on the structure and mechanisms of action of bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases, and the transcription factors that control their activities. Each review provides a brief but up-to-date account of the progress of research in a particular area, a discussion of the major issues and questions driving that research, and a brief description of the evolving approaches and technologies used to address those questions. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Factors that Control RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation Dynamics written by Manchuta Dangkulwanich and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expression of a gene begins by transcribing a target region on the DNA to form a molecule of messenger RNA. As transcription is the first step of gene expression, it is there- fore highly regulated. The regulation of transcription is essential in fundamental biological processes, such as cell growth, development and differentiation. The process is carried out by an enzyme, RNA polymerase, which catalyzes the addition of a nucleotide complementary to the template and moves along the DNA one base pair at a time. To complete its tasks, the enzyme functions as a complex molecular machine, possessing various evolutionarily designed parts. In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase has to transcribe through DNA wrapped around histone proteins forming nucleosomes. These structures represent physical barriers to the transcribing enzyme. In chapter 2, we investigated how each nucleosomal component--the histone tails, the specific histone-DNA contacts, and the DNA sequence--contributes to the strength of the barrier. Removal of the tails favors progression of RNA polymerase II into the entry region of the nucleosome by locally increasing the wrapping-unwrapping rates of the DNA around histones. In contrast, point mutations that affect histone-DNA contacts at the dyad abolish the barrier to transcription in the central region by decreasing the local wrapping rate. Moreover, we showed that the nucleosome amplifies sequence-dependent transcriptional pausing, an effect mediated through the structure of the nascent RNA. Each of these nucleosomal elements controls transcription elongation by distinctly affecting the density and duration of polymerase pauses, thus providing multiple and alternative mechanisms for control of gene expression by additional factors. During transcription elongation, RNA polymerase has been assumed to attain equilibrium between pre- and post-translocated states rapidly relative to the subsequent catalysis. Under this assumption, a branched Brownian ratchet mechanism that necessitates a putative secondary nucleotide binding site on the enzyme was proposed. In chapter 3, we challenged individual yeast RNA polymerase II (Pol II) with a nucleosome as a "road block", and separately measured the forward and reverse translocation rates with our single-molecule transcription elongation assay. Surprisingly, we found that the forward translocation rate is comparable to the catalysis rate. This finding reveals a linear, non-branched ratchet mech-anism for the nucleotide addition cycle in which translocation is one of the rate-limiting steps. We further determined all the major on- and off-pathway kinetic parameters in the elongation cycle. This kinetic model provides a framework to study the influence of various factors on transcription dynamics. To further dissect the operation of Pol II, we focused on the trigger loop, a mobile element near the active site of the enzyme. Biochemical and structural studies have demonstrated that the trigger loop makes direct contacts with substrates and promotes nucleotide incorporation. It is also an important regulatory element for transcription fidelity. In chapter 4, we characterized the dynamics of a trigger loop mutant RNA polymerase to elucidate the roles of this element in transcription regulation, and applied the above kinetic framework to quantify the effects of the mutation. In comparison to the wild-type enzyme, we found that the mutant is more sensitive to force, faster at substrate sequestration, and more efficient to return from a pause to active transcription. This work highlighted important roles of regulatory elements in controlling transcription dynamics and fidelity. Moreover, RNA polymerase interacts with various additional factors, which add layers of regulation on transcription. Transcription factors IIS (TFIIS) and IIF (TFIIF) are known to interact with elongating RNA polymerase directly and stimulate transcription. In chapter 5, we studied the effects of these factors on elongation dynamics using our single molecule assay. We found that both TFIIS and TFIIF enhance the overall transcription elongation by reducing the lifetime of transcriptional pauses and that TFIIF also decreases the probability of pause entry. Furthermore, we observed that both factors enhance the efficiency of nucleosomal transcription. Our findings helped elucidate the molecular mechanisms of gene expression modulation by transcription factors. In summary, we have dissected the mechanisms by which the nucleosomal elements regulate transcription, and derived a quantitative kinetic model of transcription elongation in a linear Brownian ratchet scheme with the slow translocation of the enzyme. The corresponding translocation energy landscape shows that the off-pathway states are favored thermodynamically but not kinetically over the on-pathway states. This observation confers the enzyme its high propensity to pause, thus allowing additional regulatory mechanisms during pausing. TFIIS and TFIIF, for example, regulate transcription dynamics by shortening the lifetime of Pol II pauses. On the other hand, the trigger loop of Pol II regulates both the active elongation and pausing. These examples illustrate molecular mechanisms of cis- and trans-acting factors regulate the dynamics of transcription elongation.
Download or read book For the Love of Enzymes written by Arthur Kornberg and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the American Medical Writers' Association Book Award, this volume describes, with observations on the process of scientific research, the author's successive research problems, the challenges they presented and the ultimate accomplishments thatresulted.
Download or read book A Biochemical Characterization of Transcription Elongation Factors that Facilitate the Processivity of RNA Polymerase II written by John Crickard and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processivity of RNA Polymerase II across the body of a gene is a complex anddynamic process that involves the contribution of many transcription elongation factors.These elongation factors play a variety of roles including maintenance of RNAPII activity,maintenance of chromatin, and regulation of chromatin structure. The roles of elongationfactors highlight two strategies utilized by the cell to promote transit of RNAPII acrossthe body of a gene. The overall goal of this work was to gain mechanistic insight, basedon in vitro models, into RNAPII processivity, and how elongation factors contribute to thisprocess. In this dissertation, I demonstrate that a region of the H2B tail domain, knownas the H2B repression domain (HBR), helps Spt16-Pob3 (FACT) remove H2A/B dimersfrom the nucleosome. Then I show that Spt4/5, a universally conserved transcriptionelongation factor, maintains active RNAPII through interactions with the non-templatestrand of DNA. I also find that eukaryotic specific regions of Spt5 may recognize certainconformations of RNAPII. Finally, I identify a novel strategy utilized by Spt4/5 to act onspecific intermediate states to relocate RNAPII with in the nucleosome. This observationsuggests that nucleosomes may not simply act as a roadblock to transcription, but mayserve a regulatory function during transcription elongation. Together these findingsadvance our understanding of how elongation factors contribute to the processivity ofRNAPII, and how that effects gene regulation.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Transcription written by Kirill Konovalov and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms Of Gene Expression Structure Function And Evolution Of The Basal Transcriptional Machine written by Robert O J Weinzierl and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-08-10 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional control of gene expression is of fundamental importance to many areas of contemporary biomedical research, ranging from understanding basic issues (such as control of embryonic development) to practical applications in industry and medicine. Although elementary concepts of gene expression are described in all general molecular biology textbooks, the depth of coverage is often rather limited and recent discoveries are sometimes not adequately taken into consideration.This book presents much of the current thinking concerning molecular mechanisms of transcriptional control in a form easily accessible to undergraduates with an understanding of basic molecular biology concepts. It contains detailed information about the various pro- and eukaryotic transcriptional machineries that has recently become available through the combined efforts of geneticists, biochemists and structural biologists. The book will thus not only serve as an undergraduate text but also offer something new and interesting to more advanced readers and professional scientists who want to keep up to date with rapid advances in this field.
Download or read book RNA Polymerase and the Regulation of Transcription written by William S. Reznikoff and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1987 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
