Download or read book Bioaugmentation Using Pleurotus Ostreatus to Remediate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH Contaminated River Sediment written by Gregory Bosiljcic and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the study was to determine if polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation in historically contaminated river sediment could be done when treated with the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. P. ostreatus, grown on barley, was added to sediment with various amendments and controls, and incubated in triplicate at 25 °C for 42 days. Treatments included sawdust, shredded newspaper, a nitrogen source, and cyclodextrin. The most effective treatment included the addition of white-rot fungi, sawdust, nitrogen, and cyclodextrin. This treatment showed greater than 50% degradation of 9 out of the 11 PAHs with 95% degradation for benzo fluoranthene. Fungal biomass (total mycelia and metabolically active mycelia) increased in all treatments with added fungi. The greatest increase in fungal biomass appeared in the same treatment with the greatest extent of PAH degradation (from 82 ± 10 m g sediment-1 at time 0 to 374 ± 18 m g sediment-1 at 42 days). These data show that P. ostreatus is capable of colonizing highly contaminated Mahoning River sediment and degrading the PAHs present. With better optimization of amendments, this approach shows potential for remediating historically contaminated river sediment.

Download or read book Effect of Pleurotus Ostreatus on Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated River Sediment written by Matthew D. Gacura and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to optimize bioremediation of Mahoning River sediment historically contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using white rot fungi. Pleurotus ostreatus grown on grain (10% v/v) was added to contaminated sediment amended with sawdust (80% v/v), with and without fungal specific nutritional nitrogen (to enhance fungal growth), and with cyclodextrin (to increase PAH availability). Sediment mixtures were incubated in the dark at 25°C for 6 weeks. Sawdust made the sediment more porous, allowed better colonization by fungi, and did not greatly increase volume. Fungal biomass, determined using fluorescent microscopy, indicated initial fungal colonization but then fungal growth was inhibited, likely by toxic metals or high moisture content in the sediment. Growth of unidentified fungi was observed, especially in treatments amended with nitrogen. Total PAH concentrations (in the order of 100 ppm), analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS), and significantly decreased ~ 50-60% in all treatments, including sediment only controls within the first two weeks. Thus, aerobic degradation by native bacteria and volatilization were likely responsible for most of the observed decreases in PAH concentrations. High heterogeneity of PAHs in this historically contaminated sediment led to high variance between replicates. There was a slight decrease in 5 ring PAHs associated with sediment inoculated with P. ostreatus and also a slight decrease in total PAH concentrations associated with sediment amended with sawdust and cyclodextrin (with or without P. ostreatus). Increased nitrogen did not enhance PAH degradation. Sediment inoculated with P. ostreatus after two weeks, rather than initially, showed better fungal growth and colonization, but PAH data was not yet available. These data indicate there is great potential for bioremediation of PAH contaminated sediment conditions by stimulating indigenous bacteria under aerobic conditions followed by the addition of white rot fungi. However, further testing and optimization is still required.

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs written by Mohammad Osama and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: White rot fungi, Pleurotus ostreatus, is capable of degrading a wide range of organic contaminants including PAHs. Bioremediating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contaminated river sediment with P. ostreatus maybe a viable and less invasive method to reduce risk of exposure. The first part of this research was to determine the degradation of PAHs from contaminated sediment. The second part was to determine if sterols (ergosterol) and PAHs can be extracted with a single extraction method. Ergosterol is produced by living fungi and can be used as a measurement of fungal biomass. Contaminated river sediments were treated with P. ostreatus, grown on barley, and various amendments then incubated at 25 °C. Amendments included sawdust and nitrogen supplement to stimulate fungal growth. The treatment with P. ostreatus showed degradation of total PAHs after 21 days using a Lipid Extraction Method and GC/MS. These results show that P. ostreatus is able to colonize in highly contaminated Mahoning River sediment and degrade the PAHs present. To extract ergosterol and PAHs simultaneously an Ergosterol Extraction Method (EEM) was developed. Various samples were prepared with sediment, sediment and fungi grown on barley, sediment and fungi grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) or only fungi grown on PDA or barley. The EEM was successful in extracting ergosterol from fungi grown on barley resulting in concentrations from 17.5 - 39.9 mcg/g ergosterol. Similar results were seen in the other treatments. PAHs were also found extracted in much greater amounts compared to the Lipid Extraction Method. In addition, cholesterol, usually found in animals, was detected in the fungi P. ostreatus at easily detectable levels. With better optimization of amendments, Ergosterol Extraction Method could be highly useful and effective in analyzing the level of fungal biomass as well as PAH contaminants during bioremediation efforts.

Download or read book Bioremediation Technologies for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds written by Andrea Leeson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) are common and challenging contaminants that affect soil and sediments. Methods for treating PAHs have undergone change and refinement in the recent past, and this volume presents the latest trends in PAH remediation theory and practice. The papers in this volume cover topics ranging from the remediation of manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites to the remediation of sediments. The papers present lab and field studies, characterization studies, comparison studies, and descriptions of technologies ranging from composting to thermally enhanced bioremediation to fungal technologies and other innovative approaches.

Download or read book Bioaugmentation Techniques and Applications in Remediation written by Inamuddin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-06-29 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been observed that rapid population expansion has raised the amount of anthropogenic activity, resulting in high levels of pollution in water, air, and solid waste as well as an increase in the pressure placed on agricultural lands. Bioaugmentation Techniques and Applications in Remediation provides detailed information on bioaugmentation approaches for the remediation of sediments, water, and soil polluted with organic and inorganic pollutants. Practical applications of bioaugmentation techniques performed in restricted systems under controlled conditions, laboratory investigations, and in the field are addressed. Special emphasis is placed on the applications of nanomaterials in combination with bioaugmentation techniques for enhanced bioremediation efficiency. FEATURES Explores abiotic and biotic factors that enhance and facilitate environmental remediation of contaminants Provides a primer on the elementary microbial processes entailed in bioaugmentation Summarizes methods and approaches for executing bioaugmentation technology Details commercially available products and instrumentation This book is an ideal resource for researchers, students, and engineers working in materials science and bioremediation.

Download or read book Remediation of a Heavy Metal and PAH contaminated Sediment by a Rhamnolipid Foam written by Ali Alavi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial contaminants have long term and sometimes irreversible adverse effects on humans, animals and the ecosystem. As a result attention has been focused on the effects of these contaminants. One of the concerning environmental issues these days is contaminated sediments. The presence of aquatic organisms in sediments makes them important in the well-being and health of these organisms. If sediments become contaminated, they can pose a threat to sediment dwelling habitants and through these microorganism that can be spread even to humans. Nowadays a major concern that government regulators and related industry can face is the protection and investigation of the quality of aquatic sediments. A protection that can be done through different pathways includes remediation. An investigation was made into evaluating the capability of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant (JBR425) in the form of a foam for treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated fresh water sediments that also have elevated levels of Pb, Zn and Ni. Studies commenced by evaluating foam characteristics followed by performing column tests. To do this, dewatered non-dried sediments were put in a column and the biosurfactant was injected in the form of a foam or a liquid solution. The pressure gradient was monitored during flushing tests to avoid possible problems due to high pressure. Foam quality of the rhamnolipid varied between 85% and 99% with stabilities from 15 to 43 min. PAH and metal removal were then evaluated for sediment samples from sector 103 of the Port of Montreal in Montreal, Quebec with different initial concentrations of target contaminants. Among PAHs, pyrene; benz(a)anthracene and chrysene had concentrations above thresholds according to Quebec Sediment Quality Criteria. Highest removal for PAHs was obtained by a 99% quality foam produced by 0.5% rhamnolipid solution after 20 pore volumes. Removal efficiency (due to mobilization) for the biosurfactant foam was 44.6% of pyrene, 30% of benz(a)anthracene and 37.8% of chrysene while total removal efficiency (mobilization + volatilization) for the biosurfactant foam was 56.4% of pyrene, 41.2% of benz(a)anthracene and 45.9% of chrysene. With biosurfactant liquid solution at the same pH as above mentioned foam (pH 6.8), maximum removal (mobilization) was 31.4% of pyrene, 20.5% of benz(a)anthracene and 27% of chrysene. Here no volatilization of PAHs was observed. Deionized water (DI) did not remove any PAH. For metals, highest removal was achieved using 0.5% rhamnolipid foam (99% quality, pH 10.0). These were 53.3% of Ni, 56.8% of Pb and 55.2% of Zn. Removal efficiencies were reduced between 11% - 13% for metals when a 0.5% rhamnolipid solution was used. DI water removed only 16% for both Pb and Ni individually and 17% of Zn at pH 10.0. From these analyses, lower pH (6.8) rhamnolipid showed higher removal efficiencies for PAHs while it was not as successful for metals. As for metals, pH 10 was proven to be the best. It is concluded that, rhamnolipid foam could be a non-toxic and effective method of remediating PAH and heavy metal contaminated soil/sediments. Further efforts will be required to optimize the performance of the foam.

Download or read book Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds written by Battelle Memorial In and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-02-28 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely reference presents the state of the art of the emerging and rapidly changing field of bioremediation of chlorinated solvents, PCBs, and other chlorinated compounds, as well as PAHs, both in situ and on site. This landmark publication reports significant advances in bioremediation, with an emphasis on practical applications and state-of-the-art developments. Laboratory and field-oriented reviews are presented with the objective of tying treatability studies and recent laboratory developments to field applications. No other reference source gives you access to the most current techniques and methods for the bioremediation of chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. This book represents the work of leading experts in the fields of in situ and on-site bioremediation from North America, Europe, and Asia. The chapters include current field applications and laboratory studies undertaken, in some cases, in countries with regulatory standards more stringent than those of the United States.

Download or read book Effects of Cyclodextrin on Extraction and Fungal Remediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon contaminated Mahoning River Sediment written by Sowmya Pabba and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fungi in Bioremediation written by Geoffrey M. Gadd and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-11-15 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative account of the application of fungi to the treatment of environmental pollution.

Download or read book Chemical Oxidation Enhanced Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sediments written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the effect of chemical oxidation on the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated sediments. Sediments were treated in sequential steps: biotreatment, chemical oxidation, and biotreatment. The first biotreatment step was initiated via addition of nutrients, microbial seeds, co-metabolites, and/or Tween 80 (surfactant). The chemical oxidation step was conducted using Fenton's Reagent, ozonation, and peroxone (combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide). The objective was to enhance the PAHs bioavailability via oxidation of natural organic matter and transformation of Heavy PAHs into more biodegradable compounds. Biotreatment was reestablished as a final polishing step to further degrade remaining PAHs and more biodegradable oxidation by-products. The proposed mechanism was proven successful for the less contaminated sediment (Scioto River) and not the highly contaminated and chemically more complex sediment (Lake Superior). Given this mechanism only worked for the Scioto River sediment, further research is required to determine the mechanisms limiting treatment.

Download or read book Analysis of In situ Bioremediation of PAH Contaminated Sediments Using Hollow Fiber Membranes written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment contamination is a global environmental issue and there are no treatment technologies that can be readily applied except dredging, which is very expensive and time consuming. In this thesis, a computer model has been developed and applied to in-situ bioremediation of contaminated sediments. The mathematical model has been applied to experimental data that was obtained previously using a bench-scale system using sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The use of hollow fiber membranes offers advantages of cost-effectively supplying and controlling the availability of oxygen (air), nutrients or other electron acceptors, such as nitrate and sulfate to the contaminated sediments, without significant loss to the water column. The biokinetic and transport parameters in the mathematical model were fitted to the bench-scale experimental data to achieve a low average error between the experimental and model values. The fitted model was used to calculate the design of the hollow fiber system, such as distance between the fibers. The WASP-6 computer program, developed previously for calculating dissolved oxygen levels in natural water bodies, was used to simulate the impact of contaminated sediments and the effect of using the membrane system to preserve the dissolved oxygen levels. Results of this study have shown that controlled delivery of oxygen from air is a feasible technique to achieve accelerated bioremediation rates of PAH contaminated sediments and improved water quality in rivers and lakes adversely impacted by these contaminated sediments.

Download or read book Microbial Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds written by Pankaj Kumar Arora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xenobiotic compounds including pesticides, nitrophenols, pyridine, polycyclic aromatic compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls are widely spread in environment due to anthropogenic activities. Most of them are highly toxic to living beings due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, the removal of these compounds from environment is an essential step for environmental sustainability. Microbial remediation has emerged as an effective technology for degradation of these xenobiotic compounds as microorganisms have unique ability to utilize these compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy. The primary goal of this book is to provide detailed information of microbial degradation of many xenobiotic compounds in various microorganisms.

Download or read book CHEMICAL OXIDATION ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the effect of chemical oxidation on the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated sediments. Sediments were treated in sequential steps: biotreatment, chemical oxidation, and biotreatment. The first biotreatment step was initiated via addition of nutrients, microbial seeds, co-metabolites, and/or Tween 80 (surfactant). The chemical oxidation step was conducted using Fenton?s Reagent, ozonation, and peroxone (combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide). The objective was to enhance the PAHs bioavailability via oxidation of natural organic matter and transformation of Heavy PAHs into more biodegradable compounds. Biotreatment was reestablished as a final polishing step to further degrade remaining PAHs and more biodegradable oxidation by-products. The proposed mechanism was proven successful for the less contaminated sediment (Scioto River) and not the highly contaminated and chemically more complex sediment (Lake Superior). Given this mechanism only worked for the Scioto River sediment, further research is required to determine the mechanisms limiting treatment.

Download or read book Bioremediation of a PAH Contaminated Soil Using Pleurotus Ostreatus written by Humphrey O. Zebulun and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In situ Biorestoration of Sediments Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHS written by Lei Wang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Rhizoremediation as a Treatment Technology in the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs from the Environment written by Itumeleng Phyllis Molobela and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous classes and types of chemicals, which contaminate soil, complicate the removal of many toxic compounds from the environment. For example, many soils are contaminated with one or more metals, radioactive and inorganic compounds. Large areas are polluted with recalcitrant organic substances that pose environmental problems due to their toxicity and tendency to disperse through wind and water errosion. Polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants found in soil at wood preservation plants and gasworks. PAHs are chemical compounds that persist in the environment and thus cause pollution worldwide. Their persistence in the environment is due to their low water solubility. The major source of PAHs is from the combustion of organic material such as coal, tar, wood and rubber. PAHs have been detected in a wide variety of environmental samples including air, soil, sediments, water, oils, tars and foodstuff. Most people are exposed to PAHs when they breathe smoke, autoemissions or industrial fumes. Because PAHs are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic to humans and animals, their elimination from the environment is of paramount importance. The estimated costs for the clean up of PAHs contaminated sites with conventional techniques such as incineration and landfilling are enormous. The search for alternative methods to restore polluted sites in a less expensive, less labour intensive, safe and environmentally friendly way is required. Such an alternative method is rhizoremediation, which is defined as the use of plants in association with microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants such as PAHs. Microbial communities exposed to hydrocarbons become adapted, exhibiting selective enrichment and genetic changes resulting in an increased proportion of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and bacteria plasmid encoding hydrocarbon catabolic genes. Adapted microbial communities have higher proportions of hydrocarbon degraders that can respond to the presence of hydrocarbon pollutants. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Elusine coracana, Biddens pilosa, Brantha serratia and Cyperus esculentus grown in polluted and unpolluted soil and to evaluate the potential of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of these plants grown in polluted soil for their ability to bioremediate Polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Different concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) of naphthalene and acenaphthene (PAHs) were made and added to 500ml Bacteriological agar. 1000 l of bacterial suspensions were spread onto the surface of naphthalene and acenaphthene-based agar plates and incubated for 48h at 37OC. Results showed that Brevibacillus brevis, Brevindimonas versicularis, Vibrio vulnificus, Chryseo indologenes, Micrococcus spp, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas spinosa showed excellent growth in all concentrations in naphthalene based agar medium. However, Micrococcus spp and Pseudomonas spinosa showed limited growth in acenaphthene based agar medium. Amongst all these bacteria tested for their potential in utilizing PAHs, B. brevis, V. vulnificus, C. indologenes, B. stearothermophilus, and P. putida were the most promising for biodegradation of PAHs, since none of them were affected by any change in concentration either in naphthalene or acenaphthene.

Download or read book Degradation of PAHs by Indigenous Microbes in Contaminated River Sediment written by Tamara R. Diglaw and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: