Download or read book Bio augmentation de l activit nitrifiante des boues activ es written by Antoine Souef and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La bio-augmentation des stations d'épuration est parfois envisagée pour faire face à des situations transitoires au cours desquelles la capacité nitrifiante des boues activées est insuffisante pour traiter efficacement la charge reçue par l'installation. Le succès de cettestratégie repose sur l'activité nitrifiante de la biomasse ajoutée ainsi que sur sa capacitéd'adaptation et de maintien dans les boues activées en place.L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer la possibilité d'adaptation des micro-organismes d'une solution commerciale nitrifiante dans une station d'épuration municipale à très faible charge.Les populations nitrifiantes composant la solution étudiée ont été comparées à celles des boues activées de treize stations d'épurations, échantillonnées en été et en hiver. Une démarche couplant des outils de la biologie moléculaire et du génie des procédés a été mise en oeuvre afin d'analyser et de comparer ces populations selon trois axes : diversité, abondance et activité. Cette comparaison a été complétée par une expérience de bio-augmentation en réacteur fermé. D'après les profils obtenus en DGGE, les communautés nitrosantes des stations d'épuration à très faible charge sont généralement dominées par une même espèce appartenant au groupe Nitrosomonas oligotropha.Les biomasses nitrosantes et nitratantes ont été chacune estimées entre 0,5 et 3,5 % de la biomasse totale des boues activées par marquage FISH. La solution commerciale comporteune seule espèce nitrosante, du groupe N. europaea, qui représente 45 % de sa biomasse.Les analyses cinétiques, réalisées par suivi direct des vitesses de réaction (analyses chimiques) et/ou par respirométrie, indiquent que N. europaea adopte une stratégie de type -r contrairement aux bactéries autochtones des boues activées (stratégie de type -K). Ces résultats expérimentaux laissent supposer une faible capacité d'adaptation de la biomasse nitrifiante de cette solution commerciale aux conditions environnementales des stationsd'épuration à très faible charge. En revanche, l'expérience de bio-augmentation a montré sa capacité d'intégration aux flocs, et le maintien de son activité lors de son mélange à des boues activées.

Download or read book Typologie et activit des populations microbiennes nitrifiantes issues des proc d s de traitement biologique des effluents agricoles et industriels written by Virginie Estébanez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ces travaux concernent la caractérisation des communautés microbiennes nitrifiantes de dix-neuf procédés de traitement des eaux usées urbaines et agroalimentaires. Les boues activées ont été analysées pour déterminer leurs activités maximales de nitritation et nitratation par respirométrie liquide. Tandis que les boues activées des STEP urbaines et d’élevage présentent une activite semblable au sein de chaque groupe, les autres stations ont des activités très variables. La diversité et la quantité des communautés nitritantes et nitratantes ont été étudiées par T-RFLP et par PCR quantitative en temps réel. Entre les sites étudiés des différences de structure des communautés sont montrées. La biomasse nitritante est pour toutes les boues activées composée de bactéries et d’archées, mais avec des différences de ratio entre les stations. La majorité des boues présente une communauté de bactéries nitritantes dominée par le genre Nitrosomonas. Les quelques stations présentant une dominance de Nitrosospira ont des activités de nitritation et de nitratation nulles ou très faibles. Cette corrélation entre la présence de Nitrosospira et un problème dans l’activité potentielle de nitrification pourrait être vérifiée sur site afin de détecter rapidement des dysfonctionnements dans le traitement de l’azote. Cette analyse montre également que la moitié des stations de cette étude présente une population nitrite-oxydante composée de Nitrospira et de Nitrobacter. Parmi toutes ces populations quantifiées, seul le nombre de bactéries nitritantes est corrélé à l'activité de nitrification. Les bactéries nitritantes représentent par conséquent la communauté responsable de la nitritation.

Download or read book L activit d shydrog nasique des boues activ es de stations d puration biologique written by Jean-Pierre Legeron and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ETUDE ENZYMATIQUE DES DESHYDROGENASES BACTERIENNES PAR LE CHLORURE DE 2-3-5 TRIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM PERMETTANT UNE ANALYSE REFLETANT LES PROCESSUS DE DEGRADATION DES MATIERES ORGANIQUES POUVANT ETRE EFFECTUEE IN SITU. ETUDE COMPARATIVE AVEC LES METHODES CLASSIQUES; ESSAIS SUR BOUES ACTIVEES DE STATIONS D'EPURATION DIFFERENTES.

Download or read book TRAITEMENT BIOLOGIQUE D EAUX RESIDUAIRES ENGENDRANT DES VARIATIONS DU RAPPORT C N written by VINCENT.. MARTINAGE and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LE TRAITEMENT, PAR DES BOUES ACTIVEES AEROBIES, DES EFFLUENTS PRODUITS PAR L'INDUSTRIE TEXTILE, NECESSITE DES PROCEDES CAPABLES DE TRAITER EFFICACEMENT D'IMPORTANTES VARIATIONS DU RAPPORT C/N ET DONC DE LA CHARGE EN AZOTE NITRIFIABLE. L'EFFET DE CES VARIATIONS SUR LA NITRIFICATION A ETE CARACTERISE SUR UNE INSTALLATION PILOTE DE TYPE LUDZAC ETTINGER MODIFIEE, GRACE A DES BILANS MATIERE (NOWAK ET COLL., 1994) ET DES METHODES RESPIROMETRIQUES DISCONTINUES. CE TRAVAIL DEMONTRE QUE SEULS DES REGIMES DYNAMIQUES EN SUBSTRAT PERMETTENT DE DETERMINER CORRECTEMENT LES PARAMETRES CARACTERISTIQUES DE LA NITRIFICATION A M A X, B A ET Y A. LES RESULTATS OBTENUS MONTRENT QUE LA VALEUR DE B A, LE TAUX DE DECES DES AUTOTROPHES, EST SURTOUT INFLUENCEE PAR LA PREDATION DE LA MICROFAUNE ET DONC PAR LA QUALITE DE L'EFFLUENT A TRAITER. A 30\C, LES VALEURS DE B A OBTENUES VARIENT ENTRE 0,08 ET 0,34J - 1. CETTE ETUDE DEMONTRE AUSSI QUE LA DEMANDE EN ENERGIE DE MAINTENANCE DES ORGANISMES NITRIFIANTS INFLUE SIGNIFICATIVEMENT SUR LA VALEUR DE Y A, LE TAUX DE CONVERSION DU SUBSTRAT EN BIOMASSE ET PAR CONSEQUENCE SUR L'ACTIVITE NITRIFIANTE DES BOUES ACTIVEES LORS DES VARIATIONS DE CHARGE EN AZOTE. A LA LUMIERE DE CES RESULTATS, DES STRATEGIES D'EXPLOITATION ET DE DIMENSIONNEMENT DE TOUTE INSTALLATION D'EPURATION BIOLOGIQUE SOUMISE A D'IMPORTANTES VARIATIONS DE CHARGE EN AZOTE ONT ETE PROPOSEES.

Download or read book Bioaugmentations de boues activ es cultiv es en r acteur aliment s quentiellement par un effluent charge en m taux avec diff rentes souches bact riennes m tallo r sistantes written by Anne-Marie Simao-Beaunoir and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce document propose une analyse bibliographique sur la bioaugmentation des boues activées et présente les résultats d'expériences portant sur un cas particulier de bioaugmentation. L'objectif était d'évaluer l'effet de l'ajout de bactéries métallo-résistantes dans des boues intoxiquées par des métaux, sur la continuité de l'épuration des eaux usées. Le système expérimental a consisté en des cultures en batch sequence (cycle de 24h) d'échantillons de boues de stations d'épuration d'eaux usées urbaines mixtes ou rurales. Ce système conduit, après un cycle, a une baisse de la DCO de l'effluent synthétique de 94%. Suite à l'ajout de métaux dans l'effluent (Ni, Cd, Co, Zn et Cu à 3 mg/l - Ni à 3 mg/l - Ni à 60 mg/l), les réacteurs de boues ont présenté une augmentation de la DCO résiduelle (DCOR) et une baisse de la vitesse d'épuration de l'effluent. Nous avons tenté d'atténuer, voire d'éviter, ces perturbations en introduisant dans la boue, dès le début de l'apport métallique, des bactéries métallo-résistantes : soit la souche naturelle A. eutrophus ch34 soit une souche génétiquement recombinée ae958(ptv1, r388) ou E. coli s17/1(ptv1). Lors du premier essai avec ch34, la bioaugmentation a augmenté la vitesse d'épuration et a baissé la DCOR des réacteurs intoxiqués. Par contre, lors des 2 essais suivants avec ch34 et lors de l'essai réalisé avec ae958(ptv1, r388) aucune amélioration n'a été mise en évidence, malgré le maintien des souches. De même, l'ajout de s17/1(ptv1) n'a pas eu d'effet bénéfique. Dans ce dernier cas, le résultat peut s'expliquer par la disparition rapide de la souche au sein des boues et par l'absence de transconjugants de pTV1. L'ensemble des essais a montré de plus que les boues ont pu s'acclimater à la présence des métaux. Cette acclimatation, accompagnée d'une augmentation du nombre de bactéries indigènes métallo-résistantes, a permis la récupération partielle ou totale de la capacité épuratrice des réacteurs.

Download or read book Faecal Sludge Management written by Linda Strande and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.

Download or read book Process Control of Activated Sludge Plants by Microscopic Investigation written by Dick H. Eikelboom and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2000-06-30 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is only available as a free copy to download from the WaterWiki. To download your free copy of the eBook, click here. The manual can be used independantly but when used in combination with the CD-ROM, it makes a unique tool for process operators to diagnose and solve operational problems. It is also a valuable educational and training package for universities and post experience courses. Click here for more details about the CD-ROM Process stability and final effluent quality largely depend upon the composition of the biomass in an activated sludge plant. Operational problems such as bulking and scum formation occur when the wrong micro-organisms are dominating the sludge population. Microscopic sludge investigation is therefore essential for process control and stable plant operation. The manual outlines the theoretical framework, extensively illustrated with full-colour micrographs. Contents Microscopy Microscopic sludge investigation Characteristics of activated sludge flocs Filamentous micro-organisms Protozoa and metazoa Conclusions of microscopic sludge investigation The activated sludge process Operational problems Bulking sludge Scum formation

Download or read book How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries written by David M. Robbins and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a practical handbook providing a step-by-step approach to the techniques used for characterizing wastewater sources and investigating sites where collection, treatment and reuse/disposal technologies will be installed. It is intended to help enable local implementation of on-site and decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS)for wide scale use in development settings. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries helps local service providers and regulatory officials make informed decisions through the use of tools, checklists and case studies. It includes a link to a web based community of on-site and decentralized wastewater professionals, which contains related tools and case studies. This handbook serves as a reference for training classes, certification programs, and higher education programs in civil and sanitary engineering. There is an increasing interest on the part of local government officials and private sector service providers to implement wastewater treatment systems to solve sanitation problems. The model presented in this handbook promotes activities that first generate data related to source and site conditions that represent critical inputs, and then applies this information to the technology selection process. Matching the most appropriate technologies to the specific needs of the wastewater project is the key that leads to long term sustainability. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries is an invaluable resource for public sector decision makers and private sector service providers in developing countries. It is also a useful text for students at engineering colleges in developing countries interested in taking a class that teaches the methods of decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS) development.

Download or read book The Equations of Growth written by Paul E. Waltman and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bioremediation of Agricultural Soils written by Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of agricultural soils are always under threat from chemical contaminants, which ultimately affect the productivity and safety of crops. Besides agrochemicals, a new generation of substances invades the soil through irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and pollutants of organic origin such as sewage sludge or cattle manure. Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials and microplastics are now present in agricultural soils, but the understanding of their impact on soil quality is still limited. With focus on in situ bioremediation, this book provides an exhaustive analysis of the current biological methodologies for recovering polluted agricultural soils as well as monitoring the effectiveness of bioremediation.

Download or read book Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies written by Elizabeth Tilley and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statistics in Civil Engineering written by Andrew V. Metcalfe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical methods for the civil engineer. Practical examples clearly explain the underlying mathematical concepts. Readers learn to write their own programs and learn about useful commercial software.Offers examples based on real applications. -- Applies statistical techniques to civil engineering practice.

Download or read book Statistics in Engineering written by Andrew Metcalfe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-07-01 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics in Engineering provides a succinct introduction to statistics. The ideas are introduced with examples set in their practical context. The underlying mathematics are given in an informal way and are included for those who find that mathematical justification helps their understanding of concepts, and for anyone who needs to take the subject further The author indicates sections that can be omitted without any loss of continuity. The book is kept as simple as possible, and assumes only some familiarity with elementary calculus and matrices. The first seven chapters of the book cover a typical 40-hour statistics module taken by engineering or science students who are beginning the subject. This includes the basic ideas, relationships between variables, and the design and analysis of experiments. The final chapter looks at some important engineering situations that are not fully covered by the methods of the preceding chapters.

Download or read book Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Water Pollution Control Federation. Subcommittee on Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handling Experimental Data written by Mike Pentz and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statistics in Engineering written by Andrew Metcalfe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers are expected to design structures and machines that can operate in challenging and volatile environments, while allowing for variation in materials and noise in measurements and signals. Statistics in Engineering, Second Edition: With Examples in MATLAB and R covers the fundamentals of probability and statistics and explains how to use these basic techniques to estimate and model random variation in the context of engineering analysis and design in all types of environments. The first eight chapters cover probability and probability distributions, graphical displays of data and descriptive statistics, combinations of random variables and propagation of error, statistical inference, bivariate distributions and correlation, linear regression on a single predictor variable, and the measurement error model. This leads to chapters including multiple regression; comparisons of several means and split-plot designs together with analysis of variance; probability models; and sampling strategies. Distinctive features include: All examples based on work in industry, consulting to industry, and research for industry Examples and case studies include all engineering disciplines Emphasis on probabilistic modeling including decision trees, Markov chains and processes, and structure functions Intuitive explanations are followed by succinct mathematical justifications Emphasis on random number generation that is used for stochastic simulations of engineering systems, demonstration of key concepts, and implementation of bootstrap methods for inference Use of MATLAB and the open source software R, both of which have an extensive range of statistical functions for standard analyses and also enable programing of specific applications Use of multiple regression for times series models and analysis of factorial and central composite designs Inclusion of topics such as Weibull analysis of failure times and split-plot designs that are commonly used in industry but are not usually included in introductory textbooks Experiments designed to show fundamental concepts that have been tested with large classes working in small groups Website with additional materials that is regularly updated Andrew Metcalfe, David Green, Andrew Smith, and Jonathan Tuke have taught probability and statistics to students of engineering at the University of Adelaide for many years and have substantial industry experience. Their current research includes applications to water resources engineering, mining, and telecommunications. Mahayaudin Mansor worked in banking and insurance before teaching statistics and business mathematics at the Universiti Tun Abdul Razak Malaysia and is currently a researcher specializing in data analytics and quantitative research in the Health Economics and Social Policy Research Group at the Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia. Tony Greenfield, formerly Head of Process Computing and Statistics at the British Iron and Steel Research Association, is a statistical consultant. He has been awarded the Chambers Medal for outstanding services to the Royal Statistical Society; the George Box Medal by the European Network for Business and Industrial Statistics for Outstanding Contributions to Industrial Statistics; and the William G. Hunter Award by the American Society for Quality.