Download or read book The Biliary System written by David Q.-H. Wang and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exponential expansion of knowledge in the field of hepatobiliary diseases makes systematic revisions of current concepts almost mandatory nowadays. This eBook summarizes the progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and the physical-chemistry of biliary lipids, with emphasis on biliary lipid metabolism that is regulated by nuclear receptors in the hepatobiliary system. By guiding the readers through the various aspects of anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of all "players" involved in bile formation, this eBook is intended to be a compendium of recent progresses in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of the Liver, Biliary Tract, and Gallbladder / Physical Chemistry of Bile / Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism / Physical Chemistry and Hepatic Metabolism of Bile Acids / The Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids / Hepatic Secretion of Biliary Lipids and Bile Formation / Summary / Acknowledgments / References / Author Biographies
Download or read book Bile Acids and the Hepatobiliary System written by G. Paumgartner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1993-06-30 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bile acids have recently found application in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid have proved to be effective agents for the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones, and ursodeoxycholic acid has been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease such as primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. The question of the long-term benefit for the patient remains open and the mechanism of action is still unclear. As a consequence, much basic and clinical research is being conducted on bile acid therapy. The XIIth International Bile Acid Meeting brought together researchers and clinicians from around the world, and was dedicated to basic and clinical aspects of the use of bile acids in the therapy of hepatobiliary disease.
Download or read book The Biliary System written by David Q.-H. Wang and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The liver is a vital organ involved in numerous metabolic processes such as cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, biliary lipid secretion, and bile formation. Cholesterol balance across the liver has a crucial effect on influencing plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels and biliary cholesterol concentrations. Cholesterol and bile acid biosyntheses are primarily modulated by negative feedback regulatory mechanisms through the sterol regulatory element-binding protein isoform 2 (SREBP-2) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathways, respectively. The conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver can balance the fecal excretion of bile acids, which is an important route for the removal of cholesterol from the body. Bile formation begins in the bile canaliculi, and maintenance of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids results in a continuous secretion of bile. Hepatic secretion of biliary lipids is determined mainly by a group of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that are located on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, which are regulated by various nuclear receptors. Bile acids promote bile flow by their osmotic effects. Also, they are essential for the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins and play an important role in aiding the digestion of dietary fat. Bile acids function as signaling molecules and anti-inflammatory agents to regulate lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism by rapidly activating nuclear receptors and cell signaling pathways. This eBook summarizes the progress in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and the physical-chemistry of biliary lipids, with emphasis on biliary lipid metabolism that is regulated by nuclear receptors in the hepatobiliary system.
Download or read book The Hepatobiliary System written by W. Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume on the biliary system appeared in 1965, based on a symposium of the NATO Advanced Institute held in September, 1963, in Newcastle upon Tyne in England. It soon became an authorita tive text on the problems of the biliary tract and, for instance, the discussion on the biliary secretion of organic anions, organic cations and inorganic ions were classic references. The worn pages of the volume in many libraries, including my own, bespeak its usefulness over ten long years. The initiative and energy of the Director of the first Institute have to be admired, even more so since he was able to assemble a Second Institute in Aalborg, Denmark, in 1975. His wisdom is reflected in the selection of the subjects discussed. The comparison between the two volumes tells something about the advancement in the time interval in knowledge about liver and biliary tract diseases, about the turnover of researchers interested in the liver and its diseases, and also about the present philosophy in biologic science. For this com parison, this volume is particularly suited because, in contrast to many other recent conferences, the more leisurely pace of the NATO Institutes permits more comprehensive but still scholarly reviews of the problems. The foreword of the first volume, written by my colleague, the late Harry Sobotka, expresses his, now dated, astonishment about the progress of knowledge of biology of the bile, so much less accessible to study than urine.
Download or read book Bile Acids in Hepatobiliary Disease written by T.C. Northfield and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-02-29 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the proceedings of the Falk Workshop on `Bile Acids in Hepatobiliary Disease', which took place at the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) in London, UK, on 29-30 March 1999, and was held in association with the Section of Measurement in Medicine at the RSM. The main interest in bile acid therapy has been recently in cholestatic liver disease. The proceedings of the workshop not only discusses this, but moves on to examine its possible use in alcoholic liver disease, and moves back to re-examine its role in biliary disease. Leading world experts attempt to define its mechanism of action, and the current role of other non-surgical treatments in biliary disease. The physiology and pathogenesis of cholestatic and alcoholic liver disease and cholesterol gallstone disease is also examined.
Download or read book Bile Acids and Hepatobiliary Diseases Basic Research and Clinical Application written by G. Paumgartner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-06-30 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the last International Bile Acid Meeting in San Diego in 1994, new advances have been made in the understanding of bile acid metabolism and transport. The cytotoxic as well as the therapeutic effects of specific bile acids have been further explored and the beneficial effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in various chronic cholestatic conditions have been substantiated. Much basic and clinical research has been conducted to unravel the underlying mechanisms of action. This volume, the proceedings of Falk Symposium No. 93 (XIV International Bile Acid Meeting), held in Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Germany, October 22-24, 1996, is dedicated to both basic and clinical aspects of bile acid research related to the role of bile acids in hepatobiliary diseases.
Download or read book Hepatobiliary Transport in Health and Disease written by Dieter Häussinger and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One major function of the liver is the uptake of endo- and xenobiotics from the bloodstream and their excretion into bile. The transport systems involved in hepatobiliary transport have been recently cloned and characterized at the molecular level and it is becoming clear that mutations and polymorphisms of individual transporter molecules underlie a variety of liver diseases. Furthermore, new research has shown that bile acids, whose function in digestion is long known, also behave as signal molecules in a variety of organs, including the intestinal and biliary epithelia, sinusoidal endothelial and immune cells. This book provides indepth surveys on the structure and function of transport molecules involved in hepatobiliary transport, on the role of different bile acids receptors in various organs and their function in health and disease, the mechanisms of bile salt-induced apoptosis and hepatocyte protection, and the role of transporter mutations as causes and modifiers of liver diseases. The book will be of interest not only for biochemists, structural chemists and biologists, but also for clinicians.
Download or read book Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry written by Larry Engelking and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between basic and clinical science concepts, the Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry, Third Edition offers broad coverage of biochemical principles for students and practitioners of veterinary medicine. The only recent biochemistry book written specifically for the veterinary field, this text covers cellular-level concepts related to whole-body physiologic processes in a reader-friendly, approachable manner. Each chapter is written in a succinct and concise style that includes an overview summary section, numerous illustrations for best comprehension of the subject matter, targeted learning objectives, and end of the chapter study questions to assess understanding. With new illustrations and an instructor website with updated PowerPoint images, the Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry, Third Edition, proves useful to students and lecturers from diverse educational backgrounds. Sectional exams and case studies, new to this edition, extend the breadth and depth of learning resources. Provides newly developed case studies that demonstrate practical application of concepts Presents comprehensive sectional exams for self-assessment Delivers instructor website with updated PowerPoint images and lecture slides to enhance teaching and learning Employs a succinct communication style in support of quick comprehension
Download or read book Bile Acids and Cholestasis written by G. Paumgartner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-06-30 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the last International Bile Acid Meeting in Freiburg in 1996, considerable progress has been made in several areas of bile acid research. The different pathways of bile acid synthesis and their regulation have been further characterized. The molecular mechanisms for biliary secretion of bile acids have been elucidated and genetic defects of bile acid transport have been defined. Injurious as well as protective effects of different bile acids on the liver have been further studied. Finally, the beneficial effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestatic liver diseases have been substantiated and the potential mechanisms of action have been explored. This book, the proceedings of the Falk Symposium No. 108 (XV International Bile Acid Meeting), held in Titisee, Germany, October 12-13, 1998, is dedicated to both basic and clinical aspects of bile acid research with a focus on bile acids and cholestasis.
Download or read book The Bile Acids Chemistry Physiology and Metabolism written by P. Nair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 Mechanisms of Bile Acid Biosynthesis.- I. Introduction.- II. Formation of Cholic Acid.- A. Changes in Steroid Nucleus.- B. Oxidation of Side Chain.- III. Formation of Chenodeoxycholic Acid.- IV. Formation of Other Primary Bile Acids.- V. Conjugation of Bile Acids.- VI. Regulation of Bile Acid Formation.- VII. Formation of Bile Salts in "Primitive" Animals.- A. Changes in Steroid Nucleus.- B. Oxidation of Side Chain.- References.- 2 Bile Salt Transport Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. Active Transport in the Intestine.- III. Passive Proximal Intestinal Absorption of Bile Salts.- IV. Passive Ab.
Download or read book Bile Acids in Gastroenterology written by Susumu Tazuma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the biological aspects of bile acid analysis and their clinical applications, providing readers with an overview of cutting-edge discussions on Bile Acid research and diseases. It begins with detailed discussions on the biological aspects of bile acid, with chapters examining bile acid from various perspectives, from its metabolism to its use in therapeutic agents. Subsequent chapters focus on diseases involving bile acid abnormalities, and specific applications are addressed concerning gallstones, cholestatic liver disease, NAFLD/NASH, hepatitis, pancreatitis, esophageal cancer and colon cancer. In keeping with the book’s integrated approach, the Editor has gathered a broad range of eminent scholars and practitioners to provide a comprehensive review of modern bile acid research. The book offers clinical physicians, basic researchers and postgraduate students essential insights into cutting-edge research and paves the way for further research.
Download or read book Liver Disease in Children written by Frederick J. Suchy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver disease in children is increasing in prevalence, placing a huge burden on healthcare systems and often requiring long-term management. Offering an integrative approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology, this is the definitive reference text for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. In the new edition of this authoritative text, chapters have been thoroughly revised in line with major advances in the field, such as recognizing the increased frequency of fatty liver disease, and how genetic testing has the potential to establish earlier diagnoses for a variety of diseases. Disorders covered include cholestasis, metabolic disorders and hepatitis, with their presentation across the spectrum of infancy, childhood and adolescence discussed. The indications and surgical aspects of liver transplant are explained and post-transplant care is described in detail. This is a valuable resource for pediatricians, hepatologists, gastroenterologists and all clinicians involved in the care of children with liver diseases.
Download or read book The Bile Acids Chemistry Physiology and Metabolism written by P. Nair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first two volumes of this series addressed themselves to the chemistry, physiology, and metabolism of the bile acids. The present volume is devoted to the pathophysiology of bile acids. As the role of bile acids in health and disease is being increasingly recognized, we have chosen for discussion a wide range of topics of current importance. The presence of bile acids in brain tissue and their possible role in demyelinating diseases form the subject of a provocative discussion. As an extension of this theme, the presence and quantification of bile acids in extrahepatic tissues is the subject of one chapter. The pathophysiological implications of bile acids at the macromolecular level is highlighted by a chapter on the influence of bile salts on the activity of various enzymes. The general area of hepatobiliary diseases is discussed in two chapters: one describes changes in bile salt metabolism in liver diseases and the other focuses on cholesterol gallstones and their formation and dissolution. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis has been shown to entail a defect in bile acid and sterol metabolism, and this metabolic error is the subject of an illuminating exposition. There is presently a concerted research effort being brought to bear on the causes of colon cancer, and one important aspect of this work centers on bile acid metabolism. Aspects of bile acid metabolism and cancer are the subject of two chapters. And finally, the role of dietary fiber in bile acid metabolism is updated.
Download or read book Biology of Bile Acids in Health and Disease written by G.P. van Berge Henegouwen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in 1970, the International Bile Acid Meeting has taken place every two years and each time new progress in our understanding of the complex role of bile acids in many metabolic processes of the liver and the intestine has been revealed by a selected group of leading scientists from all over the world. Although originally mainly physiological data on bile acid synthesis and transport were emphasized, and later on also the therapeutic benefit of bile acids in gallstone disease and cholestasis was discovered, we have come now to the molecular biology and genetic era with major discoveries in transport defects and related diseases. This book is the proceedings of Falk Symposium No. 120, held in The Hague, The Netherlands, on October 12-13, 2000 - the 16th International Bile Acid Meeting. One of the main discoveries recently has been the identification of nuclear receptors for bile acids, which gives them a much broader perspective than previously anticipated. It even suggests that bile acids can regulate their biosynthesis and enterohepatic circulation transcriptionally. It will therefore not be surprising that this topic, together with the molecular regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and cholesterol homeostasis, has a dominant place in these proceedings. Another important topic is the progress in our molecular understanding of hepatic (both at the basolateral and canalicular sites), cholangiocytic and intestinal bile acid transport processes. Further insights into genetic defects causing cholestasis or intestinal malabsorption in animal models and in human diseases are also discussed by a number of well-known authors. Finally the last section deals with new findings on the role of bile acid therapy in cholestatic syndromes or chemoprevention and with the potential benefit of bile acid inhibitors. All contributors provide an update on the most recent developments in their field.
Download or read book Bile Acids and Pregnancy written by U. Leuschner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-12-31 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pregnancy represents an allograft in so far that half of the antigens are foreign to the mother. Therefore, a bidirectional interaction between the maternal and the fetal immune systems must exist, which could be disturbed by preexisting autoimmune liver diseases. Since nowadays autoimmune liver diseases are increasingly detected as early stage diseases due to modern diagnostic procedures, e.g. in women of childbearing age, and since the number of posttransplant pregnancies has become an issue due to improved survival, questions concerning regnancy, autoimmune liver disease and treatment options with bile acids and/or immunosuppressants are of an ever-increasing interest. This book, the proceedings of a Falk Workshop held in Freiburg, Germany, on June 2, 2002, is certainly unable to give any definite answers to any of the hundreds of still remaining questions in this fascinating field, but hopefully it will help to stimulate and initiate cooperation among immunologists, bile acid researchers, gynaecologists and internists.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Bioenergetics written by Carlos M. Palmeira and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing interest in mitochondrial bioenergetics is being driven by the impact of drug and environmental chemical-induced disturbances of mitochondrial function as well as hereditary deficiencies and the progressive deterioration of bioenergetic performance with age. These initiatives have fostered the investigation of genetic and environmental influences on bioenergetics. In Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Methods and Protocols, researchers in the field detail the practical principles and assays designed to derive quantitative assessment of each set of parameters that reflect different aspects of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls Authoritative and practical, Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Methods and Protocols helps elevate the quality and rate of investigative discoveries regarding disease states associated with environmental or genetic influences on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Download or read book Workshops in Bile Acid Research written by L. Barbara and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 7th International Bile Acid meeting held in Cortina d'Ampezzo. , Italy, during March 1982, there were two important Workshops dealing with recent advances in two areas of bile acid metabolism - Serum Bile Acids i,n Health and Disease and The Pathophysiology of the Enterohepatic Circulation. These Workshops complemented the broad range of topics in bile acid metabolism which were presented formally as part of a Postgraduate Course. The proceedings of these formal presentations have already been pub lished by MTP Press under the title Bile Acids in Gastroenterology but in view of the exciting, important, new information which emerged during both Workshops, the organisers of the meeting felt that it would be valuable to record and edit the proceedings of the Work shops, which form the basis of this volume. The advent of new techniques for measurement of total and indi vidual bile acids in serum now means that accurate and reliable 7 PREFACE measurements of bile acids in peripheral circulation are available to all. This has resulted in a veritable explosion of information in the serum bile acid field and, therefore, the appearance of a critical evalu ation of the technical and basic scientific and clinical aspects of measuring serum bile acids is indeed timely.
