Download or read book Python Data Science Handbook written by Jake VanderPlas and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many researchers, Python is a first-class tool mainly because of its libraries for storing, manipulating, and gaining insight from data. Several resources exist for individual pieces of this data science stack, but only with the Python Data Science Handbook do you get them all—IPython, NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-Learn, and other related tools. Working scientists and data crunchers familiar with reading and writing Python code will find this comprehensive desk reference ideal for tackling day-to-day issues: manipulating, transforming, and cleaning data; visualizing different types of data; and using data to build statistical or machine learning models. Quite simply, this is the must-have reference for scientific computing in Python. With this handbook, you’ll learn how to use: IPython and Jupyter: provide computational environments for data scientists using Python NumPy: includes the ndarray for efficient storage and manipulation of dense data arrays in Python Pandas: features the DataFrame for efficient storage and manipulation of labeled/columnar data in Python Matplotlib: includes capabilities for a flexible range of data visualizations in Python Scikit-Learn: for efficient and clean Python implementations of the most important and established machine learning algorithms

Download or read book Python for Data Science written by Yuli Vasiliev and published by No Starch Press. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hands-on, real-world introduction to data analysis with the Python programming language, loaded with wide-ranging examples. Python is an ideal choice for accessing, manipulating, and gaining insights from data of all kinds. Python for Data Science introduces you to the Pythonic world of data analysis with a learn-by-doing approach rooted in practical examples and hands-on activities. You’ll learn how to write Python code to obtain, transform, and analyze data, practicing state-of-the-art data processing techniques for use cases in business management, marketing, and decision support. You will discover Python’s rich set of built-in data structures for basic operations, as well as its robust ecosystem of open-source libraries for data science, including NumPy, pandas, scikit-learn, matplotlib, and more. Examples show how to load data in various formats, how to streamline, group, and aggregate data sets, and how to create charts, maps, and other visualizations. Later chapters go in-depth with demonstrations of real-world data applications, including using location data to power a taxi service, market basket analysis to identify items commonly purchased together, and machine learning to predict stock prices.

Download or read book Python for Data Analysis written by Wes McKinney and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get complete instructions for manipulating, processing, cleaning, and crunching datasets in Python. Updated for Python 3.6, the second edition of this hands-on guide is packed with practical case studies that show you how to solve a broad set of data analysis problems effectively. You’ll learn the latest versions of pandas, NumPy, IPython, and Jupyter in the process. Written by Wes McKinney, the creator of the Python pandas project, this book is a practical, modern introduction to data science tools in Python. It’s ideal for analysts new to Python and for Python programmers new to data science and scientific computing. Data files and related material are available on GitHub. Use the IPython shell and Jupyter notebook for exploratory computing Learn basic and advanced features in NumPy (Numerical Python) Get started with data analysis tools in the pandas library Use flexible tools to load, clean, transform, merge, and reshape data Create informative visualizations with matplotlib Apply the pandas groupby facility to slice, dice, and summarize datasets Analyze and manipulate regular and irregular time series data Learn how to solve real-world data analysis problems with thorough, detailed examples

Download or read book Data Science from Scratch written by Joel Grus and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data science libraries, frameworks, modules, and toolkits are great for doing data science, but they’re also a good way to dive into the discipline without actually understanding data science. In this book, you’ll learn how many of the most fundamental data science tools and algorithms work by implementing them from scratch. If you have an aptitude for mathematics and some programming skills, author Joel Grus will help you get comfortable with the math and statistics at the core of data science, and with hacking skills you need to get started as a data scientist. Today’s messy glut of data holds answers to questions no one’s even thought to ask. This book provides you with the know-how to dig those answers out. Get a crash course in Python Learn the basics of linear algebra, statistics, and probability—and understand how and when they're used in data science Collect, explore, clean, munge, and manipulate data Dive into the fundamentals of machine learning Implement models such as k-nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, linear and logistic regression, decision trees, neural networks, and clustering Explore recommender systems, natural language processing, network analysis, MapReduce, and databases

Download or read book Practical Data Science with Python 3 written by Ervin Varga and published by Apress. This book was released on 2019-09-07 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain insight into essential data science skills in a holistic manner using data engineering and associated scalable computational methods. This book covers the most popular Python 3 frameworks for both local and distributed (in premise and cloud based) processing. Along the way, you will be introduced to many popular open-source frameworks, like, SciPy, scikitlearn, Numba, Apache Spark, etc. The book is structured around examples, so you will grasp core concepts via case studies and Python 3 code. As data science projects gets continuously larger and more complex, software engineering knowledge and experience is crucial to produce evolvable solutions. You'll see how to create maintainable software for data science and how to document data engineering practices. This book is a good starting point for people who want to gain practical skills to perform data science. All the code will be available in the form of IPython notebooks and Python 3 programs, which allow you to reproduce all analyses from the book and customize them for your own purpose. You'll also benefit from advanced topics like Machine Learning, Recommender Systems, and Security in Data Science. Practical Data Science with Python will empower you analyze data, formulate proper questions, and produce actionable insights, three core stages in most data science endeavors. What You'll LearnPlay the role of a data scientist when completing increasingly challenging exercises using Python 3Work work with proven data science techniques/technologies Review scalable software engineering practices to ramp up data analysis abilities in the realm of Big Data Apply theory of probability, statistical inference, and algebra to understand the data science practicesWho This Book Is For Anyone who would like to embark into the realm of data science using Python 3.

Download or read book Python Data Science Essentials written by Alberto Boschetti and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2016-10-28 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Become an efficient data science practitioner by understanding Python's key concepts About This Book Quickly get familiar with data science using Python 3.5 Save time (and effort) with all the essential tools explained Create effective data science projects and avoid common pitfalls with the help of examples and hints dictated by experience Who This Book Is For If you are an aspiring data scientist and you have at least a working knowledge of data analysis and Python, this book will get you started in data science. Data analysts with experience of R or MATLAB will also find the book to be a comprehensive reference to enhance their data manipulation and machine learning skills. What You Will Learn Set up your data science toolbox using a Python scientific environment on Windows, Mac, and Linux Get data ready for your data science project Manipulate, fix, and explore data in order to solve data science problems Set up an experimental pipeline to test your data science hypotheses Choose the most effective and scalable learning algorithm for your data science tasks Optimize your machine learning models to get the best performance Explore and cluster graphs, taking advantage of interconnections and links in your data In Detail Fully expanded and upgraded, the second edition of Python Data Science Essentials takes you through all you need to know to suceed in data science using Python. Get modern insight into the core of Python data, including the latest versions of Jupyter notebooks, NumPy, pandas and scikit-learn. Look beyond the fundamentals with beautiful data visualizations with Seaborn and ggplot, web development with Bottle, and even the new frontiers of deep learning with Theano and TensorFlow. Dive into building your essential Python 3.5 data science toolbox, using a single-source approach that will allow to to work with Python 2.7 as well. Get to grips fast with data munging and preprocessing, and all the techniques you need to load, analyse, and process your data. Finally, get a complete overview of principal machine learning algorithms, graph analysis techniques, and all the visualization and deployment instruments that make it easier to present your results to an audience of both data science experts and business users. Style and approach The book is structured as a data science project. You will always benefit from clear code and simplified examples to help you understand the underlying mechanics and real-world datasets.

Download or read book Mastering Python for Data Science written by Samir Madhavan and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the world of data science through Python and learn how to make sense of data About This Book Master data science methods using Python and its libraries Create data visualizations and mine for patterns Advanced techniques for the four fundamentals of Data Science with Python - data mining, data analysis, data visualization, and machine learning Who This Book Is For If you are a Python developer who wants to master the world of data science then this book is for you. Some knowledge of data science is assumed. What You Will Learn Manage data and perform linear algebra in Python Derive inferences from the analysis by performing inferential statistics Solve data science problems in Python Create high-end visualizations using Python Evaluate and apply the linear regression technique to estimate the relationships among variables. Build recommendation engines with the various collaborative filtering algorithms Apply the ensemble methods to improve your predictions Work with big data technologies to handle data at scale In Detail Data science is a relatively new knowledge domain which is used by various organizations to make data driven decisions. Data scientists have to wear various hats to work with data and to derive value from it. The Python programming language, beyond having conquered the scientific community in the last decade, is now an indispensable tool for the data science practitioner and a must-know tool for every aspiring data scientist. Using Python will offer you a fast, reliable, cross-platform, and mature environment for data analysis, machine learning, and algorithmic problem solving. This comprehensive guide helps you move beyond the hype and transcend the theory by providing you with a hands-on, advanced study of data science. Beginning with the essentials of Python in data science, you will learn to manage data and perform linear algebra in Python. You will move on to deriving inferences from the analysis by performing inferential statistics, and mining data to reveal hidden patterns and trends. You will use the matplot library to create high-end visualizations in Python and uncover the fundamentals of machine learning. Next, you will apply the linear regression technique and also learn to apply the logistic regression technique to your applications, before creating recommendation engines with various collaborative filtering algorithms and improving your predictions by applying the ensemble methods. Finally, you will perform K-means clustering, along with an analysis of unstructured data with different text mining techniques and leveraging the power of Python in big data analytics. Style and approach This book is an easy-to-follow, comprehensive guide on data science using Python. The topics covered in the book can all be used in real world scenarios.

Download or read book Large Scale Data Analytics with Python and Spark written by Isaac Triguero and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hands-on textbook for courses on large-scale data analytics and designing machine learning solutions.

Download or read book Practical Data Science with Python written by Nathan George and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to effectively manage data and execute data science projects from start to finish using Python Key FeaturesUnderstand and utilize data science tools in Python, such as specialized machine learning algorithms and statistical modelingBuild a strong data science foundation with the best data science tools available in PythonAdd value to yourself, your organization, and society by extracting actionable insights from raw dataBook Description Practical Data Science with Python teaches you core data science concepts, with real-world and realistic examples, and strengthens your grip on the basic as well as advanced principles of data preparation and storage, statistics, probability theory, machine learning, and Python programming, helping you build a solid foundation to gain proficiency in data science. The book starts with an overview of basic Python skills and then introduces foundational data science techniques, followed by a thorough explanation of the Python code needed to execute the techniques. You'll understand the code by working through the examples. The code has been broken down into small chunks (a few lines or a function at a time) to enable thorough discussion. As you progress, you will learn how to perform data analysis while exploring the functionalities of key data science Python packages, including pandas, SciPy, and scikit-learn. Finally, the book covers ethics and privacy concerns in data science and suggests resources for improving data science skills, as well as ways to stay up to date on new data science developments. By the end of the book, you should be able to comfortably use Python for basic data science projects and should have the skills to execute the data science process on any data source. What you will learnUse Python data science packages effectivelyClean and prepare data for data science work, including feature engineering and feature selectionData modeling, including classic statistical models (such as t-tests), and essential machine learning algorithms, such as random forests and boosted modelsEvaluate model performanceCompare and understand different machine learning methodsInteract with Excel spreadsheets through PythonCreate automated data science reports through PythonGet to grips with text analytics techniquesWho this book is for The book is intended for beginners, including students starting or about to start a data science, analytics, or related program (e.g. Bachelor’s, Master’s, bootcamp, online courses), recent college graduates who want to learn new skills to set them apart in the job market, professionals who want to learn hands-on data science techniques in Python, and those who want to shift their career to data science. The book requires basic familiarity with Python. A "getting started with Python" section has been included to get complete novices up to speed.

Download or read book Data Science Projects with Python written by Stephen Klosterman and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain hands-on experience of Python programming with industry-standard machine learning techniques using pandas, scikit-learn, and XGBoost Key FeaturesThink critically about data and use it to form and test a hypothesisChoose an appropriate machine learning model and train it on your dataCommunicate data-driven insights with confidence and clarityBook Description If data is the new oil, then machine learning is the drill. As companies gain access to ever-increasing quantities of raw data, the ability to deliver state-of-the-art predictive models that support business decision-making becomes more and more valuable. In this book, you'll work on an end-to-end project based around a realistic data set and split up into bite-sized practical exercises. This creates a case-study approach that simulates the working conditions you'll experience in real-world data science projects. You'll learn how to use key Python packages, including pandas, Matplotlib, and scikit-learn, and master the process of data exploration and data processing, before moving on to fitting, evaluating, and tuning algorithms such as regularized logistic regression and random forest. Now in its second edition, this book will take you through the end-to-end process of exploring data and delivering machine learning models. Updated for 2021, this edition includes brand new content on XGBoost, SHAP values, algorithmic fairness, and the ethical concerns of deploying a model in the real world. By the end of this data science book, you'll have the skills, understanding, and confidence to build your own machine learning models and gain insights from real data. What you will learnLoad, explore, and process data using the pandas Python packageUse Matplotlib to create compelling data visualizationsImplement predictive machine learning models with scikit-learnUse lasso and ridge regression to reduce model overfittingEvaluate random forest and logistic regression model performanceDeliver business insights by presenting clear, convincing conclusionsWho this book is for Data Science Projects with Python – Second Edition is for anyone who wants to get started with data science and machine learning. If you're keen to advance your career by using data analysis and predictive modeling to generate business insights, then this book is the perfect place to begin. To quickly grasp the concepts covered, it is recommended that you have basic experience of programming with Python or another similar language, and a general interest in statistics.

Download or read book Hands On Data Science and Python Machine Learning written by Frank Kane and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamentals of machine learning with Python in a concise and dynamic manner. It covers data mining and large-scale machine learning using Apache Spark. About This Book Take your first steps in the world of data science by understanding the tools and techniques of data analysis Train efficient Machine Learning models in Python using the supervised and unsupervised learning methods Learn how to use Apache Spark for processing Big Data efficiently Who This Book Is For If you are a budding data scientist or a data analyst who wants to analyze and gain actionable insights from data using Python, this book is for you. Programmers with some experience in Python who want to enter the lucrative world of Data Science will also find this book to be very useful, but you don't need to be an expert Python coder or mathematician to get the most from this book. What You Will Learn Learn how to clean your data and ready it for analysis Implement the popular clustering and regression methods in Python Train efficient machine learning models using decision trees and random forests Visualize the results of your analysis using Python's Matplotlib library Use Apache Spark's MLlib package to perform machine learning on large datasets In Detail Join Frank Kane, who worked on Amazon and IMDb's machine learning algorithms, as he guides you on your first steps into the world of data science. Hands-On Data Science and Python Machine Learning gives you the tools that you need to understand and explore the core topics in the field, and the confidence and practice to build and analyze your own machine learning models. With the help of interesting and easy-to-follow practical examples, Frank Kane explains potentially complex topics such as Bayesian methods and K-means clustering in a way that anybody can understand them. Based on Frank's successful data science course, Hands-On Data Science and Python Machine Learning empowers you to conduct data analysis and perform efficient machine learning using Python. Let Frank help you unearth the value in your data using the various data mining and data analysis techniques available in Python, and to develop efficient predictive models to predict future results. You will also learn how to perform large-scale machine learning on Big Data using Apache Spark. The book covers preparing your data for analysis, training machine learning models, and visualizing the final data analysis. Style and approach This comprehensive book is a perfect blend of theory and hands-on code examples in Python which can be used for your reference at any time.

Download or read book Introduction to Data Science written by Laura Igual and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible and classroom-tested textbook/reference presents an introduction to the fundamentals of the emerging and interdisciplinary field of data science. The coverage spans key concepts adopted from statistics and machine learning, useful techniques for graph analysis and parallel programming, and the practical application of data science for such tasks as building recommender systems or performing sentiment analysis. Topics and features: provides numerous practical case studies using real-world data throughout the book; supports understanding through hands-on experience of solving data science problems using Python; describes techniques and tools for statistical analysis, machine learning, graph analysis, and parallel programming; reviews a range of applications of data science, including recommender systems and sentiment analysis of text data; provides supplementary code resources and data at an associated website.

Download or read book Python Data Analytics written by Fabio Nelli and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the latest Python tools and techniques to help you tackle the world of data acquisition and analysis. You'll review scientific computing with NumPy, visualization with matplotlib, and machine learning with scikit-learn. This revision is fully updated with new content on social media data analysis, image analysis with OpenCV, and deep learning libraries. Each chapter includes multiple examples demonstrating how to work with each library. At its heart lies the coverage of pandas, for high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and tools for data manipulation Author Fabio Nelli expertly demonstrates using Python for data processing, management, and information retrieval. Later chapters apply what you've learned to handwriting recognition and extending graphical capabilities with the JavaScript D3 library. Whether you are dealing with sales data, investment data, medical data, web page usage, or other data sets, Python Data Analytics, Second Edition is an invaluable reference with its examples of storing, accessing, and analyzing data. What You'll LearnUnderstand the core concepts of data analysis and the Python ecosystem Go in depth with pandas for reading, writing, and processing data Use tools and techniques for data visualization and image analysis Examine popular deep learning libraries Keras, Theano,TensorFlow, and PyTorch Who This Book Is For Experienced Python developers who need to learn about Pythonic tools for data analysis

Download or read book Introducing Data Science written by Davy Cielen and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary Introducing Data Science teaches you how to accomplish the fundamental tasks that occupy data scientists. Using the Python language and common Python libraries, you'll experience firsthand the challenges of dealing with data at scale and gain a solid foundation in data science. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology Many companies need developers with data science skills to work on projects ranging from social media marketing to machine learning. Discovering what you need to learn to begin a career as a data scientist can seem bewildering. This book is designed to help you get started. About the Book Introducing Data ScienceIntroducing Data Science explains vital data science concepts and teaches you how to accomplish the fundamental tasks that occupy data scientists. You’ll explore data visualization, graph databases, the use of NoSQL, and the data science process. You’ll use the Python language and common Python libraries as you experience firsthand the challenges of dealing with data at scale. Discover how Python allows you to gain insights from data sets so big that they need to be stored on multiple machines, or from data moving so quickly that no single machine can handle it. This book gives you hands-on experience with the most popular Python data science libraries, Scikit-learn and StatsModels. After reading this book, you’ll have the solid foundation you need to start a career in data science. What’s Inside Handling large data Introduction to machine learning Using Python to work with data Writing data science algorithms About the Reader This book assumes you're comfortable reading code in Python or a similar language, such as C, Ruby, or JavaScript. No prior experience with data science is required. About the Authors Davy Cielen, Arno D. B. Meysman, and Mohamed Ali are the founders and managing partners of Optimately and Maiton, where they focus on developing data science projects and solutions in various sectors. Table of Contents Data science in a big data world The data science process Machine learning Handling large data on a single computer First steps in big data Join the NoSQL movement The rise of graph databases Text mining and text analytics Data visualization to the end user

Download or read book Building Data Science Applications with FastAPI written by Francois Voron and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get well-versed with FastAPI features and best practices for testing, monitoring, and deployment to run high-quality and robust data science applications Key FeaturesCover the concepts of the FastAPI framework, including aspects relating to asynchronous programming, type hinting, and dependency injectionDevelop efficient RESTful APIs for data science with modern PythonBuild, test, and deploy high performing data science and machine learning systems with FastAPIBook Description FastAPI is a web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6 and its later versions based on standard Python-type hints. With this book, you'll be able to create fast and reliable data science API backends using practical examples. This book starts with the basics of the FastAPI framework and associated modern Python programming language concepts. You'll be taken through all the aspects of the framework, including its powerful dependency injection system and how you can use it to communicate with databases, implement authentication and integrate machine learning models. Later, you'll cover best practices relating to testing and deployment to run a high-quality and robust application. You'll also be introduced to the extensive ecosystem of Python data science packages. As you progress, you'll learn how to build data science applications in Python using FastAPI. The book also demonstrates how to develop fast and efficient machine learning prediction backends and test them to achieve the best performance. Finally, you'll see how to implement a real-time face detection system using WebSockets and a web browser as a client. By the end of this FastAPI book, you'll have not only learned how to implement Python in data science projects but also how to maintain and design them to meet high programming standards with the help of FastAPI. What you will learnExplore the basics of modern Python and async I/O programmingGet to grips with basic and advanced concepts of the FastAPI frameworkImplement a FastAPI dependency to efficiently run a machine learning modelIntegrate a simple face detection algorithm in a FastAPI backendIntegrate common Python data science libraries in a web backendDeploy a performant and reliable web backend for a data science applicationWho this book is for This Python data science book is for data scientists and software developers interested in gaining knowledge of FastAPI and its ecosystem to build data science applications. Basic knowledge of data science and machine learning concepts and how to apply them in Python is recommended.

Download or read book Data Science Using Python and R written by Chantal D. Larose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn data science by doing data science! Data Science Using Python and R will get you plugged into the world’s two most widespread open-source platforms for data science: Python and R. Data science is hot. Bloomberg called data scientist “the hottest job in America.” Python and R are the top two open-source data science tools in the world. In Data Science Using Python and R, you will learn step-by-step how to produce hands-on solutions to real-world business problems, using state-of-the-art techniques. Data Science Using Python and R is written for the general reader with no previous analytics or programming experience. An entire chapter is dedicated to learning the basics of Python and R. Then, each chapter presents step-by-step instructions and walkthroughs for solving data science problems using Python and R. Those with analytics experience will appreciate having a one-stop shop for learning how to do data science using Python and R. Topics covered include data preparation, exploratory data analysis, preparing to model the data, decision trees, model evaluation, misclassification costs, naïve Bayes classification, neural networks, clustering, regression modeling, dimension reduction, and association rules mining. Further, exciting new topics such as random forests and general linear models are also included. The book emphasizes data-driven error costs to enhance profitability, which avoids the common pitfalls that may cost a company millions of dollars. Data Science Using Python and R provides exercises at the end of every chapter, totaling over 500 exercises in the book. Readers will therefore have plenty of opportunity to test their newfound data science skills and expertise. In the Hands-on Analysis exercises, readers are challenged to solve interesting business problems using real-world data sets.

Download or read book Python for Data Science For Dummies written by John Paul Mueller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fast and easy way to learn Python programming and statistics Python is a general-purpose programming language created in the late 1980s—and named after Monty Python—that's used by thousands of people to do things from testing microchips at Intel, to powering Instagram, to building video games with the PyGame library. Python For Data Science For Dummies is written for people who are new to data analysis, and discusses the basics of Python data analysis programming and statistics. The book also discusses Google Colab, which makes it possible to write Python code in the cloud. Get started with data science and Python Visualize information Wrangle data Learn from data The book provides the statistical background needed to get started in data science programming, including probability, random distributions, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and building regression models for prediction.