Download or read book Beyond Heavy Episodic Drinking written by Brian Hardin Calhoun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use commonly begins during high school, increases and peaks in the early twenties, and then decreases during young adulthood as individuals transition into adult work and social roles. The peak in alcohol use trajectories during the early twenties is particularly pronounced for college students. Although many heavy drinking college students mature out of this behavior, some develop patterns of heavy drinking that continue into adulthood and which may lead to serious health and/or developmental problems, such as alcohol use disorder. Heavy episodic drinking (HED), or women/men consuming four/five or more drinks in a row, is the most widely used indicator of heavy college drinking, and has been shown to predict an array of negative consequences across multiple domains. However, research is increasingly showing that some students drink at levels far beyond this threshold on many occasions. Recent findings have also demonstrated that drinking in specific contexts, such as when pregaming, is associated with HED and can be particularly risky. This dissertation sought to advance research on heavy college drinking by demonstrating the need for researchers to better differentiate among levels of drinking and to more fully consider the effects of HED in certain situations, such as before going out (Pregame HED) and during the daytime (Day Drinking). Data came from the University Life Study which followed first-year, first-time, full-time college students under the age of 21 at a large, land grant university (N = 736, M = 18.44 years old, SD = .43 years). Students were selected using a stratified random sampling technique that resulted in a balanced sample in regard to gender (50.8% female) and four major race/ethnicity groups (25.1% Hispanic/Latinx, 15.7% African American non-Hispanic [NH], 23.3% Asian American/Pacific Islander NH, 27.4% European American NH, and 8.5% multiracial NH). A longitudinal measurement-burst design was used in which students completed a longer web-based survey and up to 14 consecutive web-based daily surveys in each of their first seven semesters (3 years) of college.Paper 1 introduces the concept of Pregame HED, or getting drunk before going out, and tested whether students were more likely to engage in high-intensity drinking (HID; i.e., double the HED threshold) and risky behaviors and whether they experienced more negative consequences on Pregame HED days than on days they consumed a more moderate amount of drinks while pregaming (N = 4,454 drinking days nested within N = 521 students who reported drinking on at least one occasion in Semesters 4-7 when data on pregaming were available). Multilevel models nesting days within semesters within persons contrasted Pregame HED days, that is, days students got drunk before going out, with drinking days on which they consumed a more moderate amount of alcohol while pregaming. Pregame HED was reported by 41% of drinkers and on 15% of drinking days and 38% of pregaming days. Students were more likely to engage in HID and to use illegal drugs and experienced more negative consequences on Pregame HED days than on Moderate Pregaming days. Similar to past research, students were more likely to engage in HID, experience negative consequences, play drinking games, and mix alcohol with energy drinks on Moderate Pregaming days than on Non-Pregaming drinking days.Paper 2 introduces the concept of Day Drinking, or drinking that begins during the daytime (i.e., between 6:00 AM and 3:45 PM), and tested whether students were more likely to engage in HED, HID, and risky behaviors and whether they experienced more negative consequences on Day Drinking days than on days drinking began during the evening or nighttime (N = 7,549 drinking days nested within 618 student drinkers). Day Drinking was reported by 50% of drinkers and on 9% of drinking days across the study. Results of multilevel models nesting days within semesters within persons showed that students were more likely to engage in HED and HID, play drinking games, and use illegal drugs on Day Drinking days than on Nighttime-Only drinking days. Students who reported Day Drinking more frequently were more likely to report HED, HID, mixing alcohol with energy drinks, and negative consequences of alcohol use on drinking days across the study.Paper 3 tested whether three novel risky drinking indicators (HID, Day Drinking, and Pregame HED) predicted medium-term health, legal, and academic consequences, beyond associations with HED (N = 473 student drinkers). Logistic and negative binomial regressions tested whether risky drinking behaviors earlier in college predicted consequences several years later by fourth year of college. Results showed that Pregame HED in the middle of college predicted greater alcohol-related problems and a hazardous and harmful pattern of drinking, independent of HED, in fourth year. First-year HID independently predicted a hazardous and harmful pattern of drinking in fourth year, whereas first-year Day Drinking was not independently associated with any of the four outcomes. Supplemental analyses demonstrated that Pregame HED and HID provided greater specificity in predicting medium-term consequences than HED, and HED provided greater sensitivity.Taken together, this dissertation highlights how common these three extreme, yet understudied, risky drinking behaviors were among the traditionally-aged, full-time students in this multi-ethnic sample from a large, land grant university. This work demonstrates the importance of better differentiating among levels of alcohol consumption and of considering the context in which heavy drinking occurs. By only using single, dichotomous indicators of risky drinking (i.e., HED or any pregaming), researchers fail to capture much of the unique variance that predicts both acute and distal outcomes. It is argued that by using the three novel indicators of risky drinking assessed here (i.e., Pregame HED, Day Drinking, and HID) in conjunction with the broader and more widely used HED and any pregaming indicators, researchers will be able to better identify nuances in the associations between risky college drinking and its correlates and consequences, such as whether particular correlates and consequences are more a result of the amount of alcohol consumed or whether it is the situation in which it is consumed that is particularly conducive to that behavior or consequence. This dissertation illustrated this type of nuanced association by showing that the amount of alcohol consumed while pregaming predicted the number of negative consequences students experienced, whereas students likelihood of playing drinking games was predicted by pregame drinking more generally, regardless of amount. Future work could use a similar analytic technique to assess nuances in other correlates and consequences of risky college drinking.

Download or read book Alcohol and Public Policy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981-02-01 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Time Varying Effect Modeling for the Behavioral Social and Health Sciences written by Stephanie T. Lanza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to introduce applied behavioral, social, and health sciences researchers to a new analytic method, the time-varying effect model (TVEM). It details how TVEM may be used to advance research on developmental and dynamic processes by examining how associations between variables change across time. The book describes how TVEM is a direct and intuitive extension of standard linear regression; whereas standard linear regression coefficients are static estimates that do not change with time, TVEM coefficients are allowed to change as continuous functions of real time, including developmental age, historical time, time of day, days since an event, and so forth. The book introduces readers to new research questions that can be addressed by applying TVEM in their research. Readers gain the practical skills necessary for specifying a wide variety of time-varying effect models, including those with continuous, binary, and count outcomes. The book presents technical details of TVEM estimation and three novel empirical studies focused on developmental questions using TVEM to estimate age-varying effects, historical shifts in behavior and attitudes, and real-time changes across days relative to an event. The volume provides a walkthrough of the process for conducting each of these studies, presenting decisions that were made, and offering sufficient detail so that readers may embark on similar studies in their own research. The book concludes with comments about additional uses of TVEM in applied research as well as software considerations and future directions. Throughout the book, proper interpretation of the output provided by TVEM is emphasized. Time-Varying Effect Modeling for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians/practitioners as well as graduate students in developmental psychology, public health, statistics and methodology for the social, behavioral, developmental, and public health sciences.

Download or read book OECD Health Policy Studies Preventing Harmful Alcohol Use written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-19 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in three adults has engaged in binge drinking at least once in the previous month, and one in five teenagers has experienced drunkenness by age 15. Harmful patterns of alcohol consumption have far-reaching consequences for individuals, society and the economy.

Download or read book Comparing Heavy Episodic Drinking and High Intensity Drinking written by Alyssa Abrams and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol is the most commonly used substance by the American population, according to annual reports from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). While drinking behaviors vary considerably across the lifespan, consumption of alcohol during any developmental period has been consistently associated with harmful consequences. The likelihood of experiencing these consequences rises dramatically with participation in heavy episodic or high-intensity drinking--risky drinking behaviors often observed during adolescence and young adulthood. The definition for heavy episodic drinking (HED) by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has been widely accepted in substance use research since its introduction in 2004, and studies have often utilized the HED criteria of consuming four/five or more drinks in one sitting for women/men as the highest threshold of drinking behavior. Current substance use researchers have identified a more extreme pattern of alcohol consumption called high-intensity drinking (HID), where individuals report drinking two to three times the heavy episodic drinking threshold, resulting in increased likelihood of alcohol-related consequences beyond those associated with HED. Many studies have begun investigation into HED and HID in adult participants; however, less research has focused on effects of these risky drinking patterns in adolescence. The present study was a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health), and utilized data collected during Waves I and II, which comprised the adolescent developmental period. The analytic sample (N = 4,480) was weighted with the grand sample weight provided from Add Health in Wave II and included students who were, on average: 15.89 years old (SD = 1.61), 50.6% male, and 66.7% White. An innovative statistical technique, the Time Varying Effect Model (TVEM), was used to analyze trends across adolescence and elicit specific periods where the influences of risky drinking patterns were most detrimental on educational success. Descriptive plots demonstrated very little change in current academic achievement from a student's first semester GPA 2.89 (95% CI = 2.78 -- 3.00) to a student's last semester GPA of 2.90 (95% CI = 2.82 -- 2.99). A measure of risky drinking, the number of alcoholic beverages that students reported drinking during a typical drinking event, increased fairly linearly across age with average number of drinks per event peaking at age 19 (M = 6.90; 95% CI = 6.13 -- 7.67). When examining the time-varying effect of the typical number of drinks during a single drinking occasion on current semester achievement, the relationship was significant from the beginning of adolescence at age 12 ([beta] = -0.03; 95% CI = -0.07 -- -0.02) to age 13 ([beta] = -0.02; 95% CI = -0.03 -- -0.0003), and again from age 15 ([beta] = -0.01; 95% CI = -0.02 -- -0.0001) to age 19 ([beta] = -0.01; 95% CI = -0.02 -- -0.0002). Visual analysis of the differences between drinking patterns indicated that during semesters that students engaged in HED or HID, they reported lower grades than peers who abstained from drinking or only drank socially. These differences were wide at younger ages but as students aged, the gap lessened until approximately age 15, when only students reporting HID were differentially affected in their achievement. Results from this study can inform school-based prevention programming and interventions targeted toward the adolescent population. The results may also be useful for parents when monitoring their children's behavior and the messaging they provide to their teenagers about alcohol use.

Download or read book Underage Drinking written by Philippe De Witte and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the extent of underage drinking across Europe and North America, as well as our current understanding of factors that increase the risk of this behaviour and potentially effective evidence-based approaches to prevent underage drinking.

Download or read book Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students BASICS written by Linda A. Dimeff and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1999-01-08 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This instructive manual presents a pragmatic and clinically proven approach to the prevention and treatment of undergraduate alcohol abuse. The BASICS model is a nonconfrontational, harm reduction approach that helps students reduce their alcohol consumption and decrease the behavioral and health risks associated with heavy drinking. Including numerous reproducible handouts and assessment forms, the book takes readers step-by-step through conducting BASICS assessment and feedback sessions. Special topics covered include the use of DSM-IV criteria to evaluate alcohol abuse, ways to counter student defensiveness about drinking, and obtaining additional treatment for students with severe alcohol dependency. Note about Photocopy Rights: The Publisher grants individual book purchasers nonassignable permission to reproduce selected figures, information sheets, and assessment instruments in this book for professional use. For details and limitations, see copyright page.

Download or read book Bullying Impact on Health and Beyond written by Srabstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Initially this book was intended to raise awareness among health and public health professionals about what is known about the evolving understanding of the multifaceted and toxic nature of bullying, as a psychosocial stressor, linked to a wide range of morbidity and prevalent across social settings, along the lifespan and around the world. In this context this book was primarily aimed at fostering the role of health and public health practitioners in developing strategies for the prevention and detection of bullying and treatment of its associated health risks. The recognition, during the process of developing this book, that bullying is a type of maltreatment which may be associated with other forms of victimization, led me to go beyond the notion of bullying and explore the spectrum of maltreatment"--

Download or read book Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders / 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Gambling Research. The editors have built Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Gambling Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Addiction and Eating Disorders: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Professional Advances in Sports Coaching written by Richard Thelwell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the rapid advance of the academic study of coaching science, there is a dearth of evidence on contemporary progressions within the coaching profession itself, particularly around the wide-ranging challenges that coaches face. Professional Advances in Sports Coaching constitutes an essential collection of the most innovative, up-to-date reviews and research on professional issues in sports coaching and coaching psychology. Seeking to assess and challenge contemporary conceptual and theoretical research around the evolving nature of the coach’s role, issues associated with athlete and coach welfare, and societal demands of the coach, the book covers topics as diverse as: gender and spirituality within sports coaching; working in culturally diverse environments and disability sport; understanding hazing, mental health issues, and disordered eating in athletes; moral behaviour and safeguarding; high performance coaching and talent development; communicating with athletes in the age of social media, and managing cliques. Written by leading experts from around the world, every chapter clarifies and defines key concepts, gives an up-to-date and comprehensive review of literature within the area, and examines the implications for future research and applied practice. This is a critical resource for any upper-level student enrolled in sports coaching science or practice classes, sports coaching academics with an interest in professional practice, and practicing sports coaches.

Download or read book OECD Reviews of Health Systems Brazil 2021 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 30 years since the inception of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, or SUS), Brazil has reduced health inequalities, and improved coverage and access to health care. However, mobilising sufficient financing for the universal health coverage mandate of SUS has been a constant challenge, not helped by persistent inefficiencies in the use of resources in the Brazilian health system.

Download or read book Alcohol Use Disorders written by Hiram E. Fitzgerald and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine generated contents note: -- Part I. Alcohol Use Disorders: Perspectives from Developmental Psychopathology and Developmental Science -- Chapter 1. Developmental Science, Alcohol Use Disorders and the Risk-Resilience Continuum -- Leon Puttler, Robert A. Zucker, and Hiram E. Fitzgerald -- Chapter 2. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Substance Use: Illustrations from the Study of Child Maltreatment -- Dante Cicchetti and Fred Rogosch -- Chapter 3. Multifinality, Equifinality and the Heterogeneity of Alcoholism. -- Andrea Hussong, Drew Rothenberg, Ruth K. Smith, and Maleeha Haroon -- Part II. Alcohol Use Disorders: Developmental Neurobiology and Early Organization of Risk -- Chapter 4. A Developmental Perspective on the Genetic Basis of Substance Use and Abuse -- Elisa Trucoo, Gabriel L. Schlomer, and Brian Hicks -- Chapter 5. Alcohol Used Disorder: Role of Epigenetics -- Igor Ponomarev -- Chapter 6: Brain Functional Contributors to Vulnerability for Substance Abuse: -- Mary M. Heitzeg -- Part III. Alcohol Use Disorders: Developmental Transitions from Infancy to Adolescence -- Chapter 7. Etiological processes for substance use disorders beginning in infancy -- Rena D. Eiden -- Chapter 8. Sleep Problems during the Preschool Years and Beyond as a Marker of Risk and Resilience in Substance Use? -- Maria Wong -- Chapter 9. Self-regulation, Behavioral Inhibition, and Risk for Alcoholism and Substance Use Disorders. -- Joel T. Nigg -- Chapter 10: A Framework for Studying Parental Socialization of Child and Adolescent Substance Use. -- John Donovan -- Chapter 11: Alcohol and Youth: Evaluations of Developmental Impact -- Guadalupe A. Bacio, Ty Brumback and Sandra A. Brown -- Part IV. Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders: Developmental Transitions from Adolescence to Emergent Adulthood -- Chapter12: Substance Use and Abuse during Adolescence and the Transition to Adulthood are Developmental Phenomena: Conceptual and Empirical Considerations. -- John Schulenberg, Julie Maslowsky, and Justin Jager -- Chapter 13. Who Is Using Alternative Tobacco Products and Why? Research on Adolescents and Young Adults -- Alexandra Loukas and Deepti Agarwal -- Chapter 14. Developmental Perspectives on Cigarette Smoking: Findings from the IU Smoking Survey -- Laurie Chassin, Clark Presson, Jonathan T. Macy and Steven J. Sherman -- Chapter 15: Alcohol Use and Consequences across Developmental Transitions during College and Beyond -- James R. Ashenhurst and Kim Fromme -- Chapter 16. Developmental Transitions and College Binge Drinking: Why Parents Still Matter. -- Michael Ichiyama, Kayla Swart, Annie Wescott, Sarah Harrison, and Kelly Birch -- Chapter 17. Personality Processes Related to the Development and Resolution of Alcohol Use Disorders: A Long and Continually Evolving Story -- Kenneth Sher, Andrew Littlefield, and Matthew Lee -- strongPart V. Alcohol Use Disorders and Marital Relationships -- Chapter 18: Developmental Transitions and Emergent Causative Influences: Intimacy, Influence, and Alcohol Problems over the Early Years of Marriage. -- Ash Levitt and Kenneth Leonard -- Chapter 19: Social Psychology of Alcohol Involvement, Marital Dissolution, and Marital Interaction Processes across Multiple Time Scales -- James A. Cranford and Catharine E. Fairbarn -- strongPart VI. Developmental Designs: Methodological and Statistical Innovations -- Chapter 20. Integrative Data Analysis from a Unifying Research Synthesis Perspective -- Eun-Young Mun, and Anne E. Ray -- Chapter 21. New Statistical Methods Inspired by Data Collected from Alcohol and Substance Abuse Research. -- Anne Buu and Runze Li -- Index

Download or read book The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood written by Jerald G. Bachman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as a thoughtful extension to Bachman et al.'s well-received monograph Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use in Young Adulthood. That volume showed that the new freedoms of young adulthood lead to increases in substance use, while the responsibilities of adulthood--marriage, pregnancy, parenthood--contribute to declines in substance use. The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood examines how the changes in social and religious experiences and in attitudes toward substance use observed among young adults are related to changes in substance use, family transitions, living arrangements, college experience, and employment. The research uses a variety of analysis techniques and is based on the nationwide Monitoring the Future surveys of more than 38,000 young people followed from high school into adulthood. The research covers the last quarter of the 20th century, a period when drug use and views about drugs underwent many important changes. In spite of these shifts, the overall patterns of relationships reported in this book are impressive in their consistency across time and in their general similarity for men and women. Specific questions addressed include the following: *As young adults experience new freedoms and responsibilities, do their attitudes about drugs change? *Do their religious views and behaviors shift? *Do their new freedoms and responsibilities affect the amount of time they spend in social activities, including going to parties and bars? *And how are any of these changes linked to changes in cigarette use, alcohol use, marijuana use, and cocaine use?

Download or read book Treating Substance Abuse written by Scott T. Walters and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2011-12-07 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art text and clinical resource captures the breadth of current knowledge about substance abuse and its treatment. For each of the major evidence-based treatment approaches, a chapter on basic assumptions and theories is followed by a chapter on clinical applications, including illustrative case material. Expert contributors cover motivational, contingency management, cognitive-behavioral, 12-step, family, and pharmacological approaches. Concluding chapters discuss effective ways to integrate different treatments in a range of clinical settings. New to This Edition*Reflects significant advances in research and clinical practice. *Chapter on the biology of substance use disorders. *Chapter on an additional treatment setting: primary care.*Chapter on case management.

Download or read book Alcohol No Ordinary Commodity written by Thomas F. Babor and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-25 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a public health perspective, alcohol is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, and impacts on many aspects of social life. This text describes advances in alcohol research with direct relevance to the development of effective policies at local, national and international level.

Download or read book Alcohol Research Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Health at a Glance Europe 2020 State of Health in the EU Cycle written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2020 edition of Health at a Glance: Europe focuses on the impact of the COVID‐19 crisis. Chapter 1 provides an initial assessment of the resilience of European health systems to the COVID-19 pandemic and their ability to contain and respond to the worst pandemic in the past century.