Download or read book Beyond Barriers Nigerian Pidgin Climbing the Ladder of Prestige written by Marc Kemper and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, Humboldt-University of Berlin (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: English in Africa, 25 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: In times of the pre-colonial period, contact between English and Nigerian indigenous languages was hardly to recognize. West Africa came into contact with Europeans for the first time in the 15th century. The Britons were - in contrast to the Spanish and Portuguese - latecomers to the African scene, which is why the Nigerian languages did not have been influenced by the English language until the beginning of the colonial period. The unification of Nigeria in 1914 marked the starting point of her colonization. Since that point in time, contact between English and the major Nigerian languages has been increasing. Nigerian Pidgin (NP), which developed as a contact language between English and various indigenous languages, nowadays does no more fit the definition of a Pidgin as a pure contact language, for it is mainly spoken locally and not throughout the whole country. It is neither a creole, because it is not learned natively by children - at least not throughout its whole area of spreading. To give an overview on how English, Nigerian Pidgin, and the three major indigenous languages are currently fighting to gain ground over each other in multilingual Nigeria, is the topic of this paper's first chapter. The role of English in West Africa in general and Nigeria in particular has been examined to a larger extent in the seminar, so here the main focus is laid on NP and the other three major indigenous languages. The second part deals with the altering role of Nigerian Pidgin in terms of literature, interethnic communication, and the mass media. Regarding NP on its way to a wider spread, nowadays it already is a foregone conclusion that this way would be paved with sharp stones - those mostly pu

Download or read book Beyond Barriers Nigerian Pidgin climbing the Ladder of Prestige written by Marc Kemper and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-11-19 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, Humboldt-University of Berlin (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: English in Africa, language: English, abstract: In times of the pre-colonial period, contact between English and Nigerian indigenous languages was hardly to recognize. West Africa came into contact with Europeans for the first time in the 15th century. The Britons were – in contrast to the Spanish and Portuguese - latecomers to the African scene, which is why the Nigerian languages did not have been influenced by the English language until the beginning of the colonial period. The unification of Nigeria in 1914 marked the starting point of her colonization. Since that point in time, contact between English and the major Nigerian languages has been increasing. Nigerian Pidgin (NP), which developed as a contact language between English and various indigenous languages, nowadays does no more fit the definition of a Pidgin as a pure contact language, for it is mainly spoken locally and not throughout the whole country. It is neither a creole, because it is not learned natively by children – at least not throughout its whole area of spreading. To give an overview on how English, Nigerian Pidgin, and the three major indigenous languages are currently fighting to gain ground over each other in multilingual Nigeria, is the topic of this paper’s first chapter. The role of English in West Africa in general and Nigeria in particular has been examined to a larger extent in the seminar, so here the main focus is laid on NP and the other three major indigenous languages. The second part deals with the altering role of Nigerian Pidgin in terms of literature, interethnic communication, and the mass media. Regarding NP on its way to a wider spread, nowadays it already is a foregone conclusion that this way would be paved with sharp stones – those mostly put down by the administrative and governing institutions in Nigeria. This is why the last large section of this paper concentrates on prospective problems which NP – and the other major languages spoken in Nigeria - will have to cope with in the next decades. To conclude, I am shortly touching on the thoughts and questions which came to my mind while investigating, and writing this paper.

Download or read book A History of West Africa written by Toyin Falola and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-29 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to the rich and fascinating history of West Africa, stretching all the way back to the stone age, and right up to the modern day. Over the course of twenty seven short and engaging chapters, the book delves into the social, cultural, economic and political history of West Africa, through prehistory, revolutions, ancient empires, thriving trade networks, religious traditions, and then the devastating impact of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade and subsequent colonial rule. The book reflects on the struggle for independence and investigates how politics and economics developed in the post-colonial period. By the end of the book, readers will have a detailed understanding of the fascinating and diverse range of cultures to be found in West Africa, and of how the region relates to the rest of the world. Drawing on decades of teaching and research experience, this book will serve as an excellent textbook for entry-level History and African Studies courses, as well as providing a perfect general introduction to anyone interested in finding out about West Africa.

Download or read book The Role of Nigerian Pidgin English as Communication Device written by Joshua Izenose and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: 4.28, , course: ENGLISH EDUCATION, language: English, abstract: Pidgin generally is a simplified means of communication between or among individuals of different cultures or ethnicities. Nigerian pidgin English described as a combination of indigenous language and English. It is a language derived from tile mix of various languages such as Igbo, Edo, Yoruba, Effik etc. In Africa, pidgins found include; Nigerian pidgin, Cameroonian pidgin, Serria Leone Krio etc. Pidgins are mostly inventionist and innovative in nature and because of their spontaneous adaptability, they can be as structured or as unstructured as needed unlike other languages. This is to say that in pidgin, there are no strict rules given in utterances. There are several assumptions by Akande and Salami which say that the urban characters of the university environments are strong factors influencing the students' use and attitudes to Nigerian Pidgin English. They insist that apart from their education, living within the university communities, the students are likely to enact more urban networks that are usually made up of multilingual and multi-cultural contents. Akande argues that Pidgin English could be regarded as a marker of identity and solidarity. It is an inter-ethnic code available to Nigerians, who have no other common language.

Download or read book Investigating the Case of Pidgin Liberian English written by Elena Agathokleous and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: The paper discusses the formation of pidgin Liberian English. A Pidgin language is a language created from the need of people with different native languages to communicate. Pidgin languages are often created to serve one specific purpose. Most often a Pidgin facilitates people that want to trade or serves as a way of understanding between settlers and natives in cases of colonization. A Pidgin language is one that has no native speakers. If it acquires native speakers by children growing up having the specific language as their native language, then it is categorized as a Creole language.

Download or read book Locus Standi The Nigerian Experiment written by Gboyega Ogundele and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Essay from the year 2014 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: This Research work discusses the Legal Concept of Locus standi. This work traces the origin of Locus Standi from the Common Law and its reception into Nigerian Jurisprudence. This work goes further to discuss locus standi through decided cases. This work reveals some other legal concepts that have become intertwined with the Concept of locus standi. This research work makes a comparative analysis of locus standi using select African jurisdictions.

Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles and Their Emergence written by Maria Neumann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Leipzig, language: English, abstract: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. DEFINITIONS 2 2.1 PIDGINS 2 2.2 CREOLES 3 3. THEORIES OF ORIGINS OF PIDGINS 4 3.1. BABY-TALK-THEORY 4 3.2. NAUTICAL JARGON THEORY 6 3.3. PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT THEORY 6 3.4. MONOGENETIC/RELEXIFICATION THEORY 7 4. THE DEVELOPMENT FROM PIDGIN TO CREOLE 8 4.1. JARGON STAGE 8 4.2. STABILIZATION PHASE 9 4.3. EXPANSION PHASE 9 4.4. CREOLIZATION 10 5. THE LIFE CYCLE OF CREOLES 11 5.1. DE-CREOLIZATION AND THE POST-CREOLE CONTINUUM 11 5.2. RE-CREOLIZATION 13 6. CONCLUSION 15 REFERENCES 16 PLAGIARISM DISCLAIMER 17 1. INTRODUCTION “Chrismus time ah de time ob gladness, and de time ob goodwill, when de goodwill pirit tek hold ob we, we feget ebery libing ting bout de grudge we gat against wen ex doah neighbour; an we begins fe wish him all kinda nice something, cause we feel nice weself. [...]” (Todd, 2006: 100) This sequence of Jamaican Creole is only one of the diversity in the creole-speaking world. In my term paper I will examine the emergence of a Creole. I start with an outline of the definitions of Pidgins and creoles and how they relate to each other. I continue with the most known origins of Pidgins, which is followed by the four phases of development from a Pidgin to a Creole. Finally, I will introduce the topic of De- and Re-creolization. 2. DEFINITIONS 2.1. Pidgins Defining what is a pidgin and what is not is a challenging undertaking. Generally, a Pidgin is “any combination and distortion of two languages as a means of communication.” (Sebba, 1997: 1) Pidgin English is defined as “any lingua franca consisting of English and another language.” (Sebba, 1997: 1) It is a reduced language that arises through extensive contact between different groups of people who do not share a common language (Holm, 1988: 4). The Pidgin is strengthened because there is a need for these stated groups to communicate (for example for trade) but none of these groups learns the mother tongue of the other group (Holm, 1988: 4). Speakers of these groups can be divided into at least two groups: Speakers with less power are speakers of the substrate language. Mostly, they are accommodating by adopting words of speakers with more power, speakers of the superstrate language (Holm, 1988: 5). Furthermore, the superstrate speakers accept many of the emerging changes in order to facilitate communication and to become more comprehensible, simultaneously they do not try to speak as they do within their own group (Holm, 1988: 5).

Download or read book Revolution without ammunitions Pathways towards Nigerian second independence written by Frederick Omoyoma Odorige and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Africa, grade: 5, , language: English, abstract: This publication is intended to address notable individuals and institutions in Nigeria concerning the insecurity in the country, the weak government response and the hydra-headed corruption promoted by the wasteful bicameral legislative system of the Nigerian National Assembly headed by the President of the Senate. One of the fulcrum of this publication focuses on the manipulations of democratic principles, bogus salaries appropriated to members of the national assembly against the set law of the country. It highlights the fact that lawmakers are the real law breakers in Nigeria as they manipulate the law for personal economic gains. I have highlighted the discrepancies in governance with the purpose of exposing the loopholes and making recommendations for transparency and good governance. The fundamental goal of this publication is to fully galvanize Nigerians from all walks of life to stand up for a revolution without ammunitions in other to achieve a second independence where lies the true meaning of the country’s motto: Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress.

Download or read book The Wretched of the Earth written by Frantz Fanon and published by Grove/Atlantic, Inc.. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sixtieth anniversary edition of Frantz Fanon’s landmark text, now with a new introduction by Cornel West First published in 1961, and reissued in this sixtieth anniversary edition with a powerful new introduction by Cornel West, Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth is a masterfuland timeless interrogation of race, colonialism, psychological trauma, and revolutionary struggle, and a continuing influence on movements from Black Lives Matter to decolonization. A landmark text for revolutionaries and activists, The Wretched of the Earth is an eternal touchstone for civil rights, anti-colonialism, psychiatric studies, and Black consciousness movements around the world. Alongside Cornel West’s introduction, the book features critical essays by Jean-Paul Sartre and Homi K. Bhabha. This sixtieth anniversary edition of Fanon’s most famous text stands proudly alongside such pillars of anti-colonialism and anti-racism as Edward Said’s Orientalism and The Autobiography of Malcolm X.

Download or read book The End of Poverty written by Jeffrey D. Sachs and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2006-02-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Book and man are brilliant, passionate, optimistic and impatient . . . Outstanding." —The Economist The landmark exploration of economic prosperity and how the world can escape from extreme poverty for the world's poorest citizens, from one of the world's most renowned economists Hailed by Time as one of the world's hundred most influential people, Jeffrey D. Sachs is renowned for his work around the globe advising economies in crisis. Now a classic of its genre, The End of Poverty distills more than thirty years of experience to offer a uniquely informed vision of the steps that can transform impoverished countries into prosperous ones. Marrying vivid storytelling with rigorous analysis, Sachs lays out a clear conceptual map of the world economy. Explaining his own work in Bolivia, Russia, India, China, and Africa, he offers an integrated set of solutions to the interwoven economic, political, environmental, and social problems that challenge the world's poorest countries. Ten years after its initial publication, The End of Poverty remains an indispensible and influential work. In this 10th anniversary edition, Sachs presents an extensive new foreword assessing the progress of the past decade, the work that remains to be done, and how each of us can help. He also looks ahead across the next fifteen years to 2030, the United Nations' target date for ending extreme poverty, offering new insights and recommendations.

Download or read book The New Harvest written by Calestous Juma and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African agriculture is currently at a crossroads, at which persistent food shortages are compounded by threats from climate change. But, as this book argues, Africa can feed itself in a generation and can help contribute to global food security. To achieve this Africa has to define agriculture as a force in economic growth by advancing scientific and technological research, investing in infrastructure, fostering higher technical training, and creating regional markets.

Download or read book No Logo written by Naomi Klein and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2000-01-15 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What corporations fear most are consumers who ask questions. Naomi Klein offers us the arguments with which to take on the superbrands." Billy Bragg from the bookjacket.

Download or read book Principles of Management written by David S. Bright and published by . This book was released on 2023-05-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black & white print. Principles of Management is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the introductory course on management. This is a traditional approach to management using the leading, planning, organizing, and controlling approach. Management is a broad business discipline, and the Principles of Management course covers many management areas such as human resource management and strategic management, as well as behavioral areas such as motivation. No one individual can be an expert in all areas of management, so an additional benefit of this text is that specialists in a variety of areas have authored individual chapters.

Download or read book Brand New Justice written by Simon Anholt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-08-11 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently vilified as the prime dynamic driving home the breach between poor and rich nations, here the branding process is rehabilitated as a potential saviour of the economically underprivileged. Brand New Justice, now in a revised paperback edition, systematically analyses the success stories of the Top Thirteen nations, demonstrating that their wealth is based on the 'last mile' of the commercial process: buying raw materials and manufacturing cheaply in third world countries, these countries realise their lucrative profits by adding value through finishing, packaging and marketing and then selling the branded product on to the end-user at a hugely inflated price. The use of sophisticated global media techniques alongside a range of creative marketing activities are the lynchpins of this process. Applying his observations on economic history and the development and impact of global marketing, Anholt presents a cogent plan for developing nations to benefit from globalization. So long the helpless victim of capitalist trading systems, he shows that they can cross the divide and graduate from supplier nation to producer nation. Branding native produce on a global scale, making a commercial virtue out of perceived authenticity and otherness and fully capitalising on the 'last mile' benefits are key to this graduation and fundamental to forging a new global economic balance. Anholt argues with a forceful logic, but also backs his hypothesis with enticing glimpses of this process actually beginning to take place. Examining activities in India, Thailand, Russia and Africa among others, he shows the risks, challenges and pressures inherent in 'turning the tide', but above all he demonstrates the very real possibility of enlightened capitalism working as a force for good in global terms.

Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1969-02 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

Download or read book How I Became a Quant written by Richard R. Lindsey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for How I Became a Quant "Led by two top-notch quants, Richard R. Lindsey and Barry Schachter, How I Became a Quant details the quirky world of quantitative analysis through stories told by some of today's most successful quants. For anyone who might have thought otherwise, there are engaging personalities behind all that number crunching!" --Ira Kawaller, Kawaller & Co. and the Kawaller Fund "A fun and fascinating read. This book tells the story of how academics, physicists, mathematicians, and other scientists became professional investors managing billions." --David A. Krell, President and CEO, International Securities Exchange "How I Became a Quant should be must reading for all students with a quantitative aptitude. It provides fascinating examples of the dynamic career opportunities potentially open to anyone with the skills and passion for quantitative analysis." --Roy D. Henriksson, Chief Investment Officer, Advanced Portfolio Management "Quants"--those who design and implement mathematical models for the pricing of derivatives, assessment of risk, or prediction of market movements--are the backbone of today's investment industry. As the greater volatility of current financial markets has driven investors to seek shelter from increasing uncertainty, the quant revolution has given people the opportunity to avoid unwanted financial risk by literally trading it away, or more specifically, paying someone else to take on the unwanted risk. How I Became a Quant reveals the faces behind the quant revolution, offering you?the?chance to learn firsthand what it's like to be a?quant today. In this fascinating collection of Wall Street war stories, more than two dozen quants detail their roots, roles, and contributions, explaining what they do and how they do it, as well as outlining the sometimes unexpected paths they have followed from the halls of academia to the front lines of an investment revolution.

Download or read book Capital in the Twenty First Century written by Thomas Piketty and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In this work the author analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. He shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values if political action is not taken. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, the author says, and may do so again. This original work reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today.