Download or read book Better Loans Or Better Borrowers written by Salman Alibhai and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the impact of large, individual-liability loans on the growth of women-owned microenterprises in Ethiopia. Traditionally, microfinance institutions in Ethiopia have primarily catered to female enterprises with group lending schemes that provide very small loans. The limitations of this model are two-fold: in addition to these micro-loans being too small in size to fuel meaningful business growth, many of the female enterprises that are targeted with these loans face binding constraints, such as concentration in lower-growth sectors, lack of alternative job opportunities, limitations on time and mobility, and restrictive gender norms. The paper investigates the impact of credit to female entrepreneurs in a novel context, by examining larger loans, provided to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurs fall in the "missing middle" or "meso-finance" segment of the financial market because their credit needs are too large for microfinance, but not large enough for commercial banks. The paper uses a propensity score matching methodology to examine the impact of loans offered to women as part of the Women Entrepreneurship Development Project, a program funded by the World Bank International Development Association, that targets growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. The results suggest that large, individual-liability loans can make a significant difference in accelerating growth in the business incomes and employment levels of women-owned enterprises.
Download or read book Financializing Poverty written by Sohini Kar and published by South Asia in Motion. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction : enfolding the poor -- Entrepreneurship and work at the "bottom of the pyramid"--Social banking to financial inclusion -- The reluctant moneylender -- The domestication of microfinance -- Financial risk and the moral economy of credit -- Insured death, precarious life
Download or read book Where Credit is Due written by Gregory Smith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Borrowing is a crucial source of financing for governments all over the world. If they get it wrong, then debt crises can bring progress to a halt. But if it's done right, investment happens and conditions improve. African countries are seeking calmer capital, to raise living standards and give their economies a competitive edge. The African debt landscape has changed radically in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Since the clean slate of extensive debt relief, states have sought new borrowing opportunities from international capital markets and emerging global powers like China. The new debt composition has increased risk, exacerbated by the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: richer countries borrowed at rock-bottom interest rates, while Africa faced an expensive jump in indebtedness. The escalating debt burden has provoked calls by the G20 for suspension of debt payments. But Africa's debt today is highly complex, and owed to a wider range of lenders. A new approach is needed, and could turn crisis into opportunity. Urgent action by both lenders and borrowers can reduce risk, while carefully preserving market access; and smart deployment of private finance can provide the scale of investment needed to achieve development goals and tackle the climate emergency.
Download or read book Why Don t Lenders Renegotiate More Home Mortgages written by Manuel Adelino and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Servicers have been reluctant to renegotiate mortgages since the foreclosure crisis started in 2007, having performed payment-reducing modifications on only 3% of seriously delinquent loans. This reluctance does not result from securitization: Servicers renegotiate similarly small fractions of loans that they hold in their portfolios. The paper¿s results are robust to different definitions of renegotiation, including the one most likely to be affected by securitization, and to different definitions of delinquency. Redefault risk, the possibility that a borrower will still default despite costly renegotiation, and self-cure risk, the possibility that a seriously delinquent borrower will become current without renegotiation, make renegotiation unattractive to investors. Illus.
Download or read book Credit Markets for the Poor written by Patrick Bolton and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2005-06-30 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to credit is an important means of providing people with the opportunity to make a better life for themselves. Loans are essential for most people who want to purchase a home, start a business, pay for college, or weather a spell of unemployment. Yet many people in poor and minority communities—regardless of their creditworthiness—find credit hard to come by, making the climb out of poverty extremely difficult. How dire are the lending markets in these communities and what can be done to improve access to credit for disadvantaged groups? In Credit Markets for the Poor, editors Patrick Bolton and Howard Rosenthal and an expert team of economists, political scientists, and legal and business scholars tackle these questions with shrewd analysis and a wealth of empirical data. Credit Markets for the Poor opens by examining what credit options are available to poor households. Economist John Caskey profiles how weak credit options force many working families into a disastrous cycle of short-term, high interest loans in order to sustain themselves between paychecks. Löic Sadoulet explores the reasons that community lending organizations, which have been so successful in developing countries, have failed in more advanced economies. He argues the obstacles that have inhibited community lending groups in industrialized countries—such as a lack of institutional credibility and the high cost of establishing lending networks—can be overcome if banks facilitate the community lending process and establish a system of repayment insurance. Credit Markets for the Poor also examines how legal institutions affect the ability of the poor to borrow. Daniela Fabbri and Mario Padula argue that well-meaning provisions making it more difficult for lenders to collect on defaulted loans are actually doing a disservice to the poor in credit markets. They find that in areas with lax legal enforcement of debt agreements, credit markets for the poor are underdeveloped because lenders are unwilling to take risks on issuing credit or will do so only at exorbitant interest rates. Timothy Bates looks at programs that facilitate small-business development and finds that they have done little to reduce poverty. He argues that subsidized business creation programs may lure inexperienced households into entrepreneurship in areas where little profitable investment is possible, hence setting them up for failure. With clarity and insightful analysis, Credit Markets for the Poor demonstrates how weak credit markets are impeding the social and economic mobility of the needy. By detailing the many disadvantages that impoverished people face when seeking to borrow, this important new volume highlights a significant national problem and offers solutions for the future.
Download or read book Small Loans Big Dreams written by Alex Counts and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-03-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfinancing is considered one of the most effective strategies in the fight against global poverty. And now, in Small Loans, Big Changes, author Alex Counts reveals how Nobel Prize Winner Muhammad Yunus revolutionized global antipoverty efforts through the development of this approach. This book presents compelling stories of women benefiting from Yunus’s microcredit in rural Bangladesh and urban Chicago, and recounts the experiences of different borrowers in each country, interspersing them with stories of Yunus, his colleagues, and their counterparts in Chicago.
Download or read book Borrowing Inequality written by Derek V. Price and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Price concludes with provocative proposals for aid policies that would expand the range of college and career choices for students - policies that would in fact support the role of higher education as a vehicle for individual opportunity and social change."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Financial Access Under the Microscope written by Sumit Agarwal and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the impact of a large-scale microcredit expansion program on financial access and the transition of previously unbanked borrowers to commercial banks. Using administrative micro-data covering the universe of loans to individuals from a developing country, we show that the program significantly increased access to credit, particularly in less developed areas. This effect is driven by the newly set-up credit cooperatives (U-SACCOs), which grant loans to previously unbanked individuals. A sizable share of first-time borrowers who need a second loan switch to commercial banks, which cream-skim low-risk borrowers and grant them larger, cheaper, and longer-term loans. These borrowers are not riskier than similar individuals already at commercial banks and only initially receive smaller loans. Our results suggest that the microfinance sector, together with a well-functioning credit reference bureau, help mitigate information frictions in credit markets.
Download or read book Reforming Collateral Laws to Expand Access to Finance written by Heywood W. Fleisig and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most readers, especially those with car loans or home mortgages, know about "collateral"--property that the lender can take away from the borrower in the event that the borrower defaults. In low/middle income countries, it is understood that conservative lenders exclude firms from credit markets with their excessive collateral requirements. Usually, this is because only some property is acceptable as collateral: large holdings of urban real estate and, sometimes, new motor vehicles. Microenterprises, SMEs, and the poor have little of this property but they do have an array of productive assets that could easily be harnessed to serve as collateral. It is only the legal framework which prevents firms from using these assets to secure loans. In countries with reformed laws governing collateral, property such as equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, livestock are considered excellent collateral. This book aims to better equip project managers to implement reforms to the legal and institutional framework for collateral (secured transactions). It discusses the importance of movable property as a source of collateral for firms, the relationship between the legal framework governing movable assets and the financial sector consequences for firms (better loan terms, increased access, more competitive financial sector), and how reforms can be put in place to change the lending environment.
Download or read book Are Bigger Companies Better for Low Income Borrowers written by Jim Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Payday lending and title lending markets are dominated by a small number of large lenders. Recent policy intervention into these markets in Colorado has increased this dominance as some smaller lenders have closed shop. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is on the verge of regulating payday loans, creating the potential for larger companies to gain an even more prominent place in this market nationally. But, before we implement regulation that could unintentionally bolster large lenders, we need to ask: Are bigger companies better for low-income borrowers?This Article attempts to answer this question by presenting evidence from a study of the advertisements on 189 payday and title lending storefronts in Houston, Texas and on 30 lender websites. Accepting on their face the views of payday and title lending opponents about what is “good” for low-income borrowers, I find mixed results. On some of the metrics I used, large lenders appear better for low-income borrowers, but on others, small lenders perform better. For instance, more large lenders were in compliance with Texas law at the time of my study, but a larger percentage of big companies charged above average prices for loans. Additionally, larger companies were also more likely to primarily have pictures of racial minorities on their websites while a smaller percentage of larger companies had websites dominated by pictures of females.In addition to comparing large and small lenders, I present general information about payday and title lending advertising. Overall, I found a low level of compliance with Texas disclosure laws. Additionally, I found that despite consistent claims to the contrary in the literature, there is substantial price differentiation among lenders in Houston. Finally, the pictures on websites are most likely to be females from a minority group, suggesting that perhaps lenders are targeting these audiences.
Download or read book Securitization and Credit Quality written by David Marques-Ibanez and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banks are usually better informed on the loans they originate than other financial intermediaries. As a result, securitized loans might be of lower credit quality than otherwise similar nonsecuritized loans. We assess the effect of securitization activity on loans’ relative credit quality employing a uniquely detailed dataset from the euro-denominated syndicated loan market. We find that, at issuance, banks do not seem to select and securitize loans of lower credit quality. Following securitization, however, the credit quality of borrowers whose loans are securitized deteriorates by more than those in the control group. We find tentative evidence suggesting that poorer performance by securitized loans might be linked to banks’ reduced monitoring incentives.
Download or read book Group Lending with Heterogeneous Types written by Li Gan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Group lending has been widely adopted in the past thirty years by many microfinance institutions as a means to mitigate information asymmetries when delivering credit to the poor. This paper proposes an empirical method to address the potential omitted-variable problem resulting from unobserved group types when modeling the repayment behavior of group members. We estimate the model using a rich dataset from a group-lending program in India. The estimation results support our model specification and show the advantages of relying on a type-varying method when analyzing the probability of default of group members. In particular, our model helps to better understand the factors driving repayment behavior, which may differ across group types, and shows a higher predictive power than standard single-agent choice models.
Download or read book Financial Performance and Social Goals of Microfinance Institutions written by Julian Schmied and published by Universitätsverlag Potsdam. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critics argue that there has been a trend among Microfinance Institutions (MFI) to focus on profitability in order to stay financially sustainable. This made some institutions neglect the social mission of microfinancing. In this paper I intend to examine if empirical evidence supports this so called mission drift hypothesis as well as other claims in this context. Using the global panel data set of the MIX (Microfinance Information Exchange), which gathers from 1995 to 2010 and contains up to 1400 institutions with a high variety of organizational forms, I was able to identify a world-wide mission drift effect in their social goal of reaching out the poorest part of the population. Furthermore, I find that, on average, the outreach of an MFI has a significant negative influence on its short and long term financial performance. Despite that, I eventually proved that the probability that an MFI worsens its social performance substantially increases if its profitability has decreased in the previous years.
Download or read book Borrowers characteristics and their impact on repayment behaviour in Sri Lanka An application of discriminant and logistic models written by Aruppillai Thayaparan and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Document from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, , course: ECONOMICS, language: English, abstract: The main objective of the study is to identify the borrower characteristics that discriminate them into defaulters and non- defaulters and examine the determinants of loan repayment and their credit worthiness in Microfinance institutions in Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka. In line with above general objective, this study has the following specific objectives: To identify the borrower characters those classify them into defaulters and non-defaulters in the study area. To evaluate the impact of major demographic characters such as age, gender, levels of education, civil status and family members of the borrowers that impact on their repayment performance and credit worthiness. To investigate how the farming characters like income, farm size, ownership of land, farming experience and availability of non-farm income as well as farmers' attributes such as purposes of loan, crop failure, weather conditions and knowledge about loans affect loan repayment and discriminate the borrowers into two groups in the study area. Financial institutions and banks have major role in financial sector as well as rural sector of an economy in terms of providing loans to the rural community in developing countries like Sri Lanka. The borrowers especially, farmers are able to get the loans from the microfinance institutions to improve their living standard through agricultural activities and generate their income. Even the borrowers have chances to receive the loans, the microfinance institutions and banks are facing the problems to recover the loans from the borrowers. Thus, default rate among the borrowers has been increasing over time which is the difficult task to manage the banks and financial institutions. There are a number of many factors particularly demographic and farming characters that affect the loan repayment rates. There has not been any empirical research conducted regarding to repayment performance among the borrowers who get the loans from SANASA Thrift, Credit and Cooperative Society (TCCS) banks in Vavuniya district. Therefore, this study tries to provide the relevant information for a better understanding on the determinants of loan repayment performance of the borrowers and the information will be useful for policy makers, other lending institutions and stakeholders for their future decision making on granting the loans for their clients.
Download or read book Federal Student Loan Programs Data Book written by Donald Conner and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Serving the Underserved written by Sumit Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the impact of a large-scale microcredit expansion program on financial access and the transition of previously-unbanked borrowers to commercial banks. Using administrative data on the universe of loans from a credit register accessible to all lenders, we show that the program improved access to credit, especially in underdeveloped areas, and reduced poverty. The program also generated positive spillovers to the commercial banking sector: a sizable share of first-time borrowers switched to banks, which cream-skim less risky borrowers and grant them larger, cheaper, and longer maturity loans. Switchers have lower default risk than non-switchers and are not riskier than other bank borrowers. Switchers also obtain better loan terms from banks compared to first-time bank borrowers without a credit history. Overall, our results suggest that the microfinance sector -- in the presence of a credit reference bureau accessible to all lenders -- can play a critical role in screening unbanked borrowers, allowing them to build a credit history and facilitating their transition to commercial banks.
Download or read book Most Borrowers of Economic Opportunity Loans Have Not Succeeded in Business written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
