Download or read book Betel quid and Areca nut Chewing and Some Areca nut derived Nitrosamines written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC. This book was released on 2004 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A working group of sixteen experts from seven countries re-evaluated the evidence of the carcinogenicity of betel-quid and areca-nut chewing and some areca-nut related nitrosamines. Betel-quid and areca-nut chewing are widely practised in many parts of Asia and in Asian-migrant communities elsewhere in the world. There are hundreds of millions of users worldwide. They evaluated betel quid with tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence of an increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus. The working group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer, mainly studies from India, Pakistan and Taiwan (China). Studies on betel quid with tobacco and areca nut with tobacco in experimental animals now also provide sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. The working group also evaluated betel quid without tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), on the basis of sufficient evidence of an increased risk of oral cancer. Studies on betel quid without tobacco and areca nut without tobacco in experimental animals now also provide sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. Areca nut, a common ingredient of betel quid and many different chewing preparations, including those available commercially, has been observed to cause oral submucous fibrosis
Download or read book A Review of Human Carcinogens written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Conference and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tobacco Habits Other Than Smoking Betel quid and Areca nut Chewing and Some Related Nitrosamines written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1985 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Betel Chewing Traditions in South East Asia written by Dawn Rooney and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Betel chewing is one of the most ancient and widespread traditions of the peoples of South-East Asia, and encompasses an estimated one-tenth of the world's population. Although the ingredients of the betel quid are indigenous, the habit was probably introduced to the region by traders and merchants from India some 2,000 years ago. Illustrated throughout, this book offers a unique account of betel chewing as an integral part of daily ritual; it spans all social levels and includes both male and femal users. Dawn F. Rooney also traces the origin of the custom, and examines its ingredients and associated paraphernalia.
Download or read book Oceania written by Douglas L. Oliver and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Part 1 of the book...deals with the geography of the region and with the biological, linguistic, and archaeological evidence concerning the origins of the Oceanians and their movements into and within the region. Part 2 describes the tools and techniques by which the recent (but not yet markedly Westernized) Oceanians satisfied their basic, pan-human needs, as qualified by their many different, culturally defined, perceptions of those needs...Finally, Part 3 focuses on the varieties of social structures within which those 'technical' activities took place." -from the Prologue
Download or read book The Cat s Table written by Michael Ondaatje and published by Vintage Canada. This book was released on 2012-06-12 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Michael Ondaatje: an electrifying novel, by turns thrilling and deeply moving—one of his most vividly rendered and compelling works of fiction to date. In the early 1950s, an eleven-year-old boy boards a huge liner bound for England. At mealtimes, he is placed at the lowly "Cat's Table" with an eccentric and unforgettable group of grownups and two other boys. As the ship makes its way across the Indian Ocean, through the Suez Canal, into the Mediterranean, the boys find themselves immersed in the worlds and stories of the adults around them. At night they spy on a shackled prisoner—his crime and fate a galvanizing mystery that will haunt them forever. Looking back from deep within adulthood, and gradually moving back and forth from the decks and holds of the ship to the years that follow the narrator unfolds a spellbinding and layered tale about the magical, often forbidden discoveries of childhood and the burdens of earned understanding, about a life-long journey that began unexpectedly with a sea voyage.
Download or read book Betel chewing Equipment of East New Guinea written by Harry Beran and published by Shire Publications. This book was released on 1988 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Betel is a mild stimulant chewed by about ten per cent of the world's population in an area stretching from East Africa across India, south-east Asia, Indonesia and the Philippines to New Guinea. The betel chew consists of the seed of the areca palm (the 'betel nut'), the fruit or leaf of the betel pepper vine, and mineral lime. The lime is kept in a container and taken to the mouth with an implement. In New Guinea the people with poor teeth crush the betel nut in a mortar. In East New Guinea the lime containers are made from gourds, carry burnt-in designs and have finely woven stoppers with curved boars' tusks. The mortars and pestles, and the handles of the lime spatulas in particular, are superbly carved with a great variety of human figures, animals, plants and artefacts, portraying much of importance in Massim culture. This book presents a typology of the designs based on the thousands of pieces collected in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with many illustrations of the finest specimens. It also indicates the social context of betel chewing in East New Guinea and the social significance of the implements. About the author Harry Beran is a senior lecturer in philosophy at the University of Wollongong in Australia. His interest in East New Guinea (Massim) tribal art began when he visited the Trobriand Islands in 1969 and since then he has studied public collections, travelled in the area, interviewed people in the Milne Bay Province and assembled his own collection of Massim artefacts.
Download or read book Development of Oral Cancer written by Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide the reader with a complete understanding of the development of oral cancer by explaining the role of a wide variety of implicated risk factors and identifying their gene targets and key regulators. Some of the discussed risk factors are well known, including smoking, alcohol, betel quid chewing, and oncoviruses such as high-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus; however, careful attention is also paid to less widely recognized factors, such as Qat chewing and yerba Mate consumption. The book concludes by describing and evaluating the most important strategies currently available for the prevention of oral carcinogenesis in humans. In presenting the most up-todate research and knowledge on these topics, this book will serve as a valuable source of up-to-date information for oncologists, cancer scientists, and medical students.
Download or read book A Grammar of Y l Dnye written by Stephen C. Levinson and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-06-06 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive description of a language spoken some 450 km offshore from the mainland of Papua New Guinea. The language is remarkable for its phonological, morphological and syntactic complexity. As the sole surviving member of its language family, and with little historical contact with surrounding languages, the language provides evidence of the kind of languages spoken in this part of the world before the Austronesian expansion. The grammar provides detailed information on the phoneme inventory, morphology, syntax and select semantic fields. Remarkable features include a 90 phoneme inventory including unique sounds, a morphology with thousands of non-compositional portmanteau elements, complex rules for negation, and extensive ergative syntax. Unusual patterns are also found in the organization of semantic fields, for example in partonymies of the body, taxonomies of the natural world, verbal semantics and kinship terms. The combination of linguistic ‘rara’ suggest that linguistic evolution under low contact can yield baroque and unusual patterns. The volume should be of special interest to linguists, typologists, sociolinguists, anthropologists and researchers in Oceania and Melanesia. Endorsement: "This long-awaited grammar is a major contribution to Papuan and general linguistics, providing as it does by far the most comprehensive and accurate grammatical description of a language that has already assumed a position as one of the world's most complicated. Hitherto, the most extensive grammatical description of the language has been the survey-like Henderson (1995), and while Levinson explicitly acknowledges his debt to this earlier grammar and to unpublished work by Henderson, his own detailed grammar clearly takes the level of description and analysis of the language to a completely new level. In particular, Levinson's grammar makes clear precisely to what extent and in what ways the language's morphology is complex beyond even what most studies on morphologically complex languages envisage. In addition, it provides a much more detailed account of the language's syntax, based on a judicious combination of corpus attestation and careful elicitation (incl. using the kits developed by Levinson's group at the MPI for Psycholinguistics). The grammar thus not only fills a major lacuna in our knowledge of the non-Austronesian languages of the New Guinea area, but also provides grist for future studies on the implications of the language's complexities." Bernard Comrie, University of California, Santa Barbara
Download or read book Temples and Elephants written by Carl Bock and published by London: Low, Marston,Searle and Rivington,.. This book was released on 1884 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Group Treatment for Substance Abuse Second Edition written by Mary Marden Velasquez and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leading manual on group-based treatment of substance use disorders, this highly practical book is grounded in the transtheoretical model and emphasizes the experiential and behavioral processes of change. The program helps clients move through the stages of change by building skills for acknowledging a problem, deciding to act, developing and executing a plan, and accomplishing other critical tasks. The expert authors provide step-by-step guidelines for implementing the 35 structured sessions, along with strategies for enhancing motivation. In a large-size format with lay-flat binding for easy photocopying, the volume includes 58 reproducible handouts. Purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials. New to This Edition *Reflects significant developments in research and clinical practice. *Eight new sessions focusing on the brain and substance use, gratitude, self-control, mindfulness, acceptance, and more. *Updated discussions of motivational interviewing and the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques with groups. *41 of the 58 handouts are new or revised; all are now downloadable. See also Substance Abuse Treatment and the Stages of Change, Second Edition, by Gerard J. Connors et al., which explores how the transtheoretical model can inform treatment planning and intervention in diverse clinical contexts.
Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A History of Intoxication written by Kawal Deep Kour and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume unearths the emerging pattern of consumption of opium in colonial Assam and the creation of drug-dependency in a social context. It analyses the competing forces of the empire which played a key role in the production and distribution of opium; national politics alongside international drug diplomacy and how these together shaped the discourse of opium in Assam; the wider implications of opium production and consumption in the agrarian economy and the narrative of the nationalist critique of intoxication. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Download or read book Papua New Guinea written by Ingrid Gascoigne and published by Marshall Cavendish. This book was released on 2009 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Celebrates the diversity of life through the exploration of cultures around the world.
Download or read book Coca Globalization written by R. Foster and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores globalization through a historical and anthropological study of how familiar soft drinks such as Coke and Pepsi became valued as more than mere commodities. Foster discusses the transnational operations of soft drink companies and, in particular, the marketing of soft drinks in Papua New Guinea, a country only recently opened up to the flow of brand name consumer goods. Based on field observations and interviews, as well as archival and library research, this book is of interest to anyone concerned about the cultural consequences and political prospects of globalization, including new forms of consumer citizenship and corporate social responsibility.
Download or read book Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants written by Lim T. K. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-compendium is a comprehensive, illustrated and scientifically up-to-date work covering more than a thousand species of edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. This work will be of significant interest to scientists, researchers, medical practitioners, pharmacologists, ethnobotanists, horticulturists, food nutritionists, agriculturists, botanists, herbalogists, conservationists, teachers, lecturers, students and the general public. Topics covered include: taxonomy (botanical name and synonyms); common English and vernacular names; origin and distribution; agro-ecological requirements; edible plant part and uses; botany; nutritive and medicinal/pharmacological properties, medicinal uses and current research findings; non-edible uses; and selected/cited references. Each volume covers about a hundred species arranged according to families and species. Each volume has separate scientific and common names indices and separate scientific and medical glossaries.
Download or read book The Economics of Biotechnology written by James D. Gaisford and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The book does an excellent job at addressing all three levels from an efficiency and equity point of view . . . Readers with a background in biotechnology but less knowledge in economics will find it very useful, as well as economists who are interested in the key economic issues of biotechnology . . . I agree with the publisher that the addressed audience will welcome and like the book, and I can highly recommend it.' - Justus Wesseler, European Review of Agricultural Economics 'The book is an absorbing one . . . will give insight on business of biotechnology and related issues, such as ethical issues, IPR etc and to economist and market researchers with specified interest in biotechnology. This could be also useful for international policymakers/planners and economic commentators.' - Ashok Pandey, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research The Economics of Biotechnology is a highly accessible book dealing with some of the most crucial issues to arise in this area. Special attention is paid to consumer, ethical and environmental concerns as well as questions relating to trade policy, intellectual property, who will receive the benefits, international development and the role of international institutions such as the WTO. The authors examine concerns arising from the application of biotechnology in the agri-food industrial complex, and many of the issues discussed also have implications for the medical and pharmaceutical aspects of biotechnology.
