Download or read book Bertrand Competition in Markets with Network Effects and Switching Costs written by Irina Suleymanova and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Price Competition in Two Sided Markets with Heterogeneous Consumers and Network Effects written by Lapo Filistrucchi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We model a two-sided market with heterogeneous customers and two heterogeneous network effects. In our model, customers on each market side care differently about both the number and the type of customers on the other side. Examples of two-sided markets are online platforms or daily newspapers. In the latter case, for instance, readership demand depends on the amount and the type of advertisements. Also, advertising demand depends on the number of readers and the distribution of readers across demographic groups. There are feedback loops because advertising demand depends on the numbers of readers, which again depends on the amount of advertising, and so on. Due to the difficulty in dealing with such feedback loops when publishers set prices on both sides of the market, most of the literature has avoided models with Bertrand competition on both sides or has resorted to simplifying assumptions such as linear demands or the presence of only one network effect. We address this issue by first presenting intuitive sufficient conditions for demand on each side to be unique given prices on both sides. We then derive sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium in prices. For merger analysis, or any other policy simulation in the context of competition policy, it is important that equilibria exist and are unique. Otherwise, one cannot predict prices or welfare effects after a merger or a policy change. The conditions are related to the own- and cross-price effects, as well as the strength of the own and cross network effects. We show that most functional forms used in empirical work, such as logit type demand functions, tend to satisfy these conditions for realistic values of the respective parameters. Finally, using data on the Dutch daily newspaper industry, we estimate a flexible model of demand which satisfies the above conditions and evaluate the effects of a hypothetical merger and study the effects of a shrinking market for offline newspapers.
Download or read book How Do Switching Costs Affect Market Concentration and Prices in Network Industries written by Jiawei Chen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I investigate the effects of switching costs on the market outcome in network industries using a dynamic duopoly model of price competition in the presence of an outside option. I find that the role of switching costs depends on network effects and the outside option. Without a viable outside option, high switching costs can neutralize the tendency towards high market concentration associated with network effects, but with a viable outside option, switching costs increase market concentration. Furthermore, switching costs lower prices if network effects are modest and there exists a viable outside option, but generally raise prices otherwise.
Download or read book The Economics of Network Industries written by Oz Shy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers to the latest developments in network economics, one of the fastest-growing fields in all industrial organization. Network industries include the Internet, e-mail, telephony, computer hardware and software, music and video players, and service operations in the banking, legal, and airlines industries among many others. The work offers an overview of the subject matter as well as investigations about specific industries. It conveys the essential features of how strategic interactions between firms are affected by network activity, as well as covering social interaction and its influence on consumers' choices of products and services. Virtually no calculus is used in the text, and each chapter ends with a series of exercises and selected references. The text may be used for both one- and two-semester courses.
Download or read book Industrial Organization written by Paul Belleflamme and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Organization: Markets and Strategies provides an up-to-date account of modern industrial organization that blends theory with real-world applications. Written in a clear and accessible style, it acquaints the reader with the most important models for understanding strategies chosen by firms with market power and shows how such firms adapt to different market environments. It covers a wide range of topics including recent developments on product bundling, branding strategies, restrictions in vertical supply relationships, intellectual property protection, and two-sided markets, to name just a few. Models are presented in detail and the main results are summarized as lessons. Formal theory is complemented throughout by real-world cases that show students how it applies to actual organizational settings. The book is accompanied by a website containing a number of additional resources for lecturers and students, including exercises, answers to review questions, case material and slides.
Download or read book The Economics of Information Technology written by Hal R. Varian and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-23 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Information Technology is a concise and accessible review of some of the important economic factors affecting information technology industries. These industries are characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs of production, large switching costs for users, and strong network effects. These factors combine to produce some unique behavior. The book consists of two parts. In the first part, Professor Varian outlines the basic economics of these industries. In the second part, Professors Farrell and Shapiro describe the impact of these factors on competition policy. The clarity of the analysis and exposition makes this an ideal introduction for undergraduate and graduate students in economics, business strategy, law and related areas.
Download or read book Recent Advances in the Analysis of Competition Policy and Regulation written by Joseph E. Harrington and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This volume collects a number of original, cutting-edge contributions that take the reader swiftly and easily to the frontier of research on most of the current hot topics in industrial organization, antitrust and regulation. Skillfully edited by two outstanding leaders in the field, the volume will be a precious source for students, researchers and practitioners that need to figure out what research has achieved in recent years on these important policy issues.' Giancarlo Spagnolo, SITE Stockholm School of Economics and University of Tor Vergata, Sweden This state-of-the-art volume highlights important recent research contributions covering all the significant themes surrounding competition policy and regulation, including financial regulation and multisided markets. Bringing scholars and policymakers to the frontiers of research and addressing the critical issues of the day, the book presents original important new theoretical and empirical results. The distinguished contributors include: P. Agrel, K. Alexander, J. Crémer, X. Dassiou, G. Deltas, F. Etro, L. Filistrucchi, P. Fotis, M. Gilli, J. Harrington Jr, T. Huertas, M. Ivaldi, B. Jullien, V. Marques, M. Peitz, Y. Spiegel, E. Tarrantino and G. Wood. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Competition Policy and Regulation will prove insightful for academic economists, consultants and policymakers interested in these fields.
Download or read book The Economics of Network Industries written by Oz Shy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces upper-level undergraduates to network economics, the fastest-growing area of industry.
Download or read book The Economic Assessment of Mergers Under European Competition Law written by Daniel Gore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a clear, concise and practical overview of the key economic techniques and evidence employed in European merger control.
Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Organization written by Richard Schmalensee and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1989-09-11 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determinants of firm and market organization; Analysis of market behavior; Empirical methods and results; International issues and comparision; government intervention in the Marketplace.
Download or read book A Steady State Approach to a Network Externality Market with Switching Costs written by David A. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study duopoly pricing in the market for mobile phone service, which features network externalities, switching costs, and consumer heterogeneity. We introduce a steady state approach that enables a tractable analysis without endgame effects. The model can generate a variety of testable predictions, of which we focus on the comparative statics with respect to switching costs. Using data on the mobile phone service industries in 52 countries, we use the variation in market structure at the time switching costs were suddenly reduced by the regulatory imposition of mobile number portability (MNP). Firms that grew more rapidly prior to MNP respond to MNP by pricing more aggressively; firms facing large competitors respond less aggressively. Exploration of the model and its implications is an object of ongoing research.
Download or read book Switching Cost Network Externality and Platform Competition written by Wei He and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the presence of both switching cost and network externality, this paper builds a two-stage model for competition between two platforms. In stage one, an incumbent platform controls the market as a monopolist and sets a price to acquire a user base. In stage two, a new platform enters the market to compete against the incumbent. We consider a non-strategic competitor with a free product in the benchmark model and also extend the model to allow for a strategic competitor. Our main results show: (1) When the switching cost is relatively high and the network externality is relatively low, the first mover adopts a closed strategy by maintaining a high price in stage two and harvesting profits from its original users. (2) When the switching cost is relatively low and the network externality is relatively high, the first mover adopts an open strategy by setting a low price to acquire more users in stage two, and the first-mover advantage based on the presence of switching cost will become ineffective. Our work rationalizes the coexistence of high competition and high concentration in a market with strong network externality, and thus provides a reasonable explanation for the existing paradox: even though the internet industry is much more competitive than traditional industries, the concentration level of internet industry is still higher than that of traditional industries.
Download or read book Network Effects and Switching Costs written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multi period Competition with Switching Costs written by Alan W. Beggs and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bertrand and Cournot Competition with Network Effects and Input Pricing Strategy written by Kangsik Choi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We revisit the endogenous choice of price or quantity made by two retailers in a vertical structure with a monopolistic manufacturer under network externalities when the retailers involve in centralized Nash bargaining with the two-part tariff contracts. When comparing integration to separation under Cournot and Bertrand competition, in contrast to conventional wisdom, we show that regardless of competition mode and the strength of network externalities, Pareto superiority can obtain under separation rather than under integration. Furthermore, we find the result that regardless of network externalities, Cournot emerges in equilibrium obtained under uniform input pricing, which is asserted to be in contrast with Basak and Wang (2016) showing that Bertrand emerges in equilibrium under discriminatory input pricing in the absence of network externalities. However, the irrelevance results hold in equilibrium: the levels of social welfare, retailers' and manufacturer's profits are equal irrespective of whether (i) input pricing strategy of the manufacturer with/without network externalities, or (ii) endogenous competition mode.
Download or read book Network Effects and Switching Costs in the Market for Routers and Switches written by Chris Forman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research examines the impact of switching costs on vendor choice in the market for routers and switches. We show that despite the use of open standards which attempt to enhance interoperabilities for equipments from different vendors, vendors in this market are able to maintain high switching costs. Because routers and switches are networked goods, switching costs may arise from prior investments made at the same establishment and/or at other establishments within the same firm. We study how the introduction of switches into the LAN market affected vendor choice in routers. In particular, we provide evidence of significant cross-product switching costs and sizeable shopping costs when buyers purchase routers and switches simultaneously. However, we also show that the introduction of switches may have temporarily reduced switching costs for router buyers investing in switches.
Download or read book Asymmetric Information and the Market Structure of the Banking Industry written by Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-06-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper analyzes the effects of informational asymmetries on the market structure of the banking industry in a multi-period model of spatial competition. All lenders face uncertainty with regard to borrowers’ creditworthiness, but, in the process of lending, incumbent banks gather proprietary information about their clients, acquiring an advantage over potential entrants. These informational asymmetries are an important determinant of the industry structure and may represent a barrier to entry for new banks. The paper shows that, in contrast with traditional models of horizontal differentiation, the steady-state equilibrium is characterized by a finite number of banks even in the absence of fixed costs.
