Download or read book Benthic Suspension Feeders and Flow written by David Wildish and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-08-28 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about those animals found on the sea floor that live by filtering microscopic particles carried by water currents. Its purpose is to review what is known about the biology of suspension feeders in relation to their flow environment. The book includes the larval biology, physiology, ethology, and ecology of suspension feeders interacting with water flow. It will be of value to marine scientists beginning research in the new, interdisciplinary field of hydrodynamics and benthic biology, and it is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of this synthesis from the biological viewpoint.

Download or read book The Importance of Benthic Suspension Feeders in the Biogeochemical Cycles written by Martina Coppari and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hoy en día, el papel primordial jugado por los suspensívoros bentónicos en los ciclos biogeoquímicos y especialmente en la transferencia de materia y energía desde la columna de agua al bentos está más claro. Tales roles son diferentes, dependiendo de las estrategias de alimentación, las tasas de filtración y la abundancia de suspensívoros. Según sus estrategias de alimentación, los suspensívoros bentónicos se clasifican en dos grupos: suspensívoros activos y pasivos. La primera categoría incluye todos aquellos organismos que activamente bombean agua a través de un sistema de filtración que separa las partículas nutritivas del agua (el sistema de filtración es diferente entre especies); la última categoría, incluye a todos los organismos que dependen completamente de las corrientes para la provisión de alimento. Existen muchos estudios centrados en la caracterización de los hábitos alimenticios, en la eficiencia de filtración y en la importancia del acoplamiento bento-pelágico en suspensívoros tanto activos como pasivos. Algunos de estos trabajos previos llevaron a cabo experimentos in situ que fueron particularmente útiles para entender hábitos alimenticios en condiciones naturales así como su variación estacional. Contrariamente, debido a la posibilidad de controlar las variables que influyen en el proceso experimental, los experimentos llevados a cabo en condiciones de laboratorio o mesocosmos son más precisos pero al mismo tiempo, con una menor interferencia con los sistemas naturales. Hay una falta general de información sobre la distribución a amplia escala de la fauna bentónica y los estudios previos acerca del impacto que los suspensívoros bentónicos tienen en el acoplamiento pelágico, normalmente se centran en pequeñas áreas. El Vehículo de Operación Remota (ROV) permite explorar extensas y profundas áreas sin impacto en las comunidades bentónicas, por ello es la herramienta perfecta para llevar a cabo muestreos extensos y estudiar tanto el tamaño como las distribuciones espaciales y batimétricas de especies bentónicas. La combinación de datos procedentes de ROV con datos de experimentos de alimentación permite estimar el impacto de los suspensívoros bentónicos sobre los procesos de acoplamiento bento-pelágico en áreas extensas. En esta tesis, se han estudiado el tamaño y la distribución tanto batimétrica como espacial de tres suspensívoros bentónicos activos y tres pasivos, así como el papel que estas especies tienen en los procesos del acoplamiento bento-pelágico y como sumidero de Carbono (C) en la región del Cap de Creus (NO del Mar Mediterráneo). Como especies de suspensívoros activos, se seleccionaron para este estudio una ascidia (Halocynthia papillosa) y dos species de esponjas (Aplysina aerophoba y Axinella polypoides), mientras que tres especies de gorgonias (Paramuricea clavata, Eunicella singularis y Corallium rubrum) fueron seleccionadas como suspensívoros pasivos. Los suspensívoros bentónicos de este experimento son especies longevas de las cuales, en particular, las gorgonias pueden alcanzar los 100 años de edad, lo que permite que puedan acumular grandes cantidades de C y almacenarlo como biomasa. Todas estas especies son comunes en las comunidades del coralígeno y precoralígeno Mediterráneo y su abundancia, especialmente las gorgonias, puede ser extremadamente alta. Las gorgonias son organismos arborescentes que crean, especialmente a altas densidades, un complejo ambiente tridimensional (conocido como bosque animal) en el que otros organismos pueden encontrar refugio, alimento y un lugar seguro en el que reproducirse. En consecuencia, la conservación de este bosque animal ayuda a mantener altos niveles de biodiversidad, un hecho que debe ser considerado en las decisiones sobre la gestión de estos hábitats.

Download or read book The Comparative Roles of Suspension Feeders in Ecosystems written by Richard F. Dame and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals are a major link between the water column (pelagic) and the bottom (benthic) habitats in most shallow systems. This coupling is dominated by active processes such as suspension-feeding in which the organism actively uses energy to pump water that is then filtered to remove suspended particles that are consumed while undigested remains are deposited on the bottom. As a result of this feeding on and metabolism of particles, the animals excrete dissolved inorganic and organic waste back into the water column, and thus, become major components in the cycling and feedback of essential elements. With relatively high weight specific filtration rates of 1— 10 liters/hour/gram dry tissue and a propensity to form large aggregated populations (beds, reefs, schools and swarms), these organisms can play an important role in regulating water column processes Although estuarine bivalve molluscs such as oysters and mussels dominate the suspension-feeder literature, other groups including plankton and nekton that are found in estuarine as well as other aquatic systems are also potentially important removers of suspended particles. Thus, a significant part of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop focused on suspension-feeders as controllers of plankton abundance, biomass and diversity, system metabolism, nutrient cycling and scale dependency. Systems dominated by suspension-feeders are typically impacted by human activities including recreation, aquaculture, human and industrial pollution, and bilge water from shipping. Suspension-feeders are often impacted by fisheries and over-exploitation. These impacts commonly result in changes in ecosystem structure either through the food chain concentration of harmful substances or diseases, the introduction of alien species of suspension-feeders, or the instability of suspension-feeders systems through species displacement or phase shifts in the dominance between different suspension-feeding components such as nekton or zooplankton. These issues were addressed near the close of the workshop along with conclusions and syntheses developed by the working groups.

Download or read book The Response of Benthic Suspension Feeders and Their Grazing Impact on Phytoplankton in Eutrophied Coastal Ecosystems written by Lynn Laffin Beatty and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Comparative Roles of Suspension Feeders in Ecosystems written by Richard F. Dame and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecological Comparisons of Sedimentary Shores written by K. Reise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedimentary coasts with their unique forms of life and productive ecosystems are one of the most threatened parts of the biosphere. This volume analyzes and compares ecological structures and processes at sandy beaches, tidal mudflats and in shallow coastal waters all around the world. Analyses of local processes are paired with comparisons between distant shores, across latitudinal gradients or between separate biogeographic provinces. Emphasis is given to suspension feeders in coastal mud and sand, to biogenic stabilizations and disturbances in coastal sediments, to seagrass beds and faunal assemblages across latitudes and oceans, to recovery dynamics in benthic communities, shorebird predation, and to experimental approaches to the biota of sedimentary shores.

Download or read book Bivalve Filter Feeders written by Richard F. Dame and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bivalve filter-feeding mollusks are important components of coastal ecosystems because they remove large quantities of suspended material from the water and excrete abundant amounts of reactive nutrients. These animals are also major prey for numerous predators including birds, fish, mammals, and invertebrates; furthermore, they are significant food resources for humans. While studies on the organismic and population level have dominated bivalve ecology, the recent focus on the ecosystem roles of filter feeding systems has led to larger-scale investigations. With this approach the specific topics of physiology, grazing, predation, nutrient cycling, physical environment, computer simulation modeling, and environmental management are combined into a meaningful whole.

Download or read book Environmental Factors Affecting the Trophic Ecology of Benthic Suspension Feeders written by Sergio Rossi Heras and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biology of the Hard Clam written by J.N. Kraeuter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-04-26 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, is an important commercial, recreational and ecological inhabitant of coastal bays along the east and gulf coasts of the United States. This title represents the first state of the art summary of existing knowledge of the hard clam by experts in various disciplines.Containing a compendium of literature on the hard clam, comprehensive chapters on various aspects of its biology as well as summaries of knowledge including the gray literature on this economically important species, this volume represents a comprehensive source of biological information for managers and researchers interested in shallow marine and estuarine ecosystems. Research students and managers charged with maintaining coastal ecosystems will also find a wealth of background material.The first synthesis of available information on the mercenaria mercenaria, this title is a response to the needs of individuals involved in hard clam aquaculture and scientists interested in molluscan biology, coastal ocean ecology and similar fields. Over 2300 documents have been synthesized, and chapter authors have added unpublished information as well as new material.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ecology written by Brian D. Fath and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 4292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The groundbreaking Encyclopedia of Ecology provides an authoritative and comprehensive coverage of the complete field of ecology, from general to applied. It includes over 500 detailed entries, structured to provide the user with complete coverage of the core knowledge, accessed as intuitively as possible, and heavily cross-referenced. Written by an international team of leading experts, this revolutionary encyclopedia will serve as a one-stop-shop to concise, stand-alone articles to be used as a point of entry for undergraduate students, or as a tool for active researchers looking for the latest information in the field. Entries cover a range of topics, including: Behavioral Ecology Ecological Processes Ecological Modeling Ecological Engineering Ecological Indicators Ecological Informatics Ecosystems Ecotoxicology Evolutionary Ecology General Ecology Global Ecology Human Ecology System Ecology The first reference work to cover all aspects of ecology, from basic to applied Over 500 concise, stand-alone articles are written by prominent leaders in the field Article text is supported by full-color photos, drawings, tables, and other visual material Fully indexed and cross referenced with detailed references for further study Writing level is suited to both the expert and non-expert Available electronically on ScienceDirect shortly upon publication

Download or read book Environmental Factors Affecting the Trophic Ecology of Benthic Suspension Feeders written by Sergio Rossi Heras and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Turbulent Waves and Prey Swimming Behavior on Suspension Feeding by an Intertidal Sea Anemone written by Eve Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predators capture prey in complex and variable environments. In the ocean, bottom- dwelling (benthic) organisms are subjected to water currents, waves, and turbulent eddies. For benthic predators that feed on small animals carried in the water (zooplankton), flow not only delivers prey, but can also shape predator-prey interactions. Benthic passive suspension feeders collect prey delivered by movement of ambient water onto capture-surfaces, without actively generating feeding currents. What are the characteristics of flow over benthic suspension feeders and how do these vary over time? How do the environmental fluctuations in flow affect the encounter, capture, and retention of motile zooplanktonic prey (copepods, Acartia spp.; nauplii, Artemia spp.) by passive benthic suspension feeders (sea anemones, Anthopleura elegantissima)? For suspension feeders that can dominate the rocky intertidal, how does the presence of neighbors impact feeding by downstream sea anemones? In Chapter One, I quantify water flow over sea anemones found in a wave-exposed and a wave-protected site. I measured variations in flow habitat using a high-frequency instrument (an acoustic Doppler velocimeter) deployed at many temporal scales to assess the range of conditions in which benthic suspension feeders live. I compare the flow habitat over sea anemones between sites, between heights above the substratum, between the flood and ebb of a daily tidal cycle, the spring and neap of a monthly tidal phase, and between onshore and offshore measures of flow conditions. I show that temporal variation is not as significant a factor as spatial variation between two sea anemone clones, and that waves dominate the flow environment. I found that microhabitats over benthic organisms were disrupted or eroded by incoming waves, so that the velocity over organisms at the leading edge of a rocky intertidal shelf could be estimated using free-stream flow. And I discuss how the offshore measurements of wave height to estimate average onshore conditions are not suitable for predicting localized flow at scales relevant to benthic organisms. In Chapter Two, I compare predator-prey interactions between a benthic sea anemone and an active, lunging fish that both suspension feed on zooplankton prey. In an oscillating flume designed to replicate the characteristics of flow measured over sea anemones in situ, I video-recorded and quantified the rates of predator-prey encounter, capture, and retention in flow regimes with "weak" and "strong" waves. I found that increasing flow did not correspond to increases in encounter rate or capture for prey that swim, and retention rates were a small fraction of the number of prey that pass benthic predators. Faster flow interfered with the ability of the prey to detect predators so feeding efficiency of motile fish increased with higher waves. In contrast, strong waves washed prey off the tentacles of a passive suspension feeder, so feeding efficiency did not improve with waves and that the effect of flow on predation by benthic animals depended on the feeding mode of the predator. In Chapter 3, I examine how zooplankton prey with different swimming behavior affects suspension feeding by solitary predators, and predators with upstream neighbors. The prey used in this study were nauplii (Artemia spp.) that swim with no escape response, dead copepods that have no behavior but are subject to drag, and living copepods (Acartia spp.) that can escape jump to avoid predators. Strong waves enhanced encounter rates for the passive, dead copepods but not for prey that actively swim. There was much variability in the behavior of the live prey. I found that higher encounter rates for passive prey and for solitary sea anemones did not result in higher capture or retention rates. Instead, the behavior of the prey and the presence of neighbors contradict expectation based upon estimates of feeding that use beads or unidirectional flow.

Download or read book Feeding activity and diet of benthic suspension feeders related to metabolic requirements and seston composition written by Marta Ribes Llordés and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Functional and Ecological Consequences of Aggregation and Coloniality in Benthic Marine Suspension Feeders written by Beth Okamura and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Feeding Activity and Diet of Benthic Suspension Feeders Related to Metabolic Requirements and Seston Composition written by Marta Ribes i Llordés and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology written by M.P. Weinstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1968 when I forsook horticulture and plant physiology to try, with the help of Sea Grant funds, wetland ecology, it didn’t take long to discover a slim volume published in 1959 by the University of Georgia and edited by R. A. Ragotzkie, L. R. Pomeroy, J. M. Teal, and D. C. Scott, entitled “Proceedings of the Salt Marsh Conference” held in 1958 at the Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, Ga. Now forty years later, the Sapelo Island conference has been the major intellectual impetus, and another Sea Grant Program the major backer, of another symposium, the “International Symposium: Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology”. This one re-examines the ideas of that first conference, ideas that stimulated four decades of research and led to major legislation in the United States to conserve coastal wetlands. It is dedicated, appropriately, to two then young scientists – Eugene P. Odum and John M. Teal – whose inspiration has been the starting place for a generation of coastal wetland and estuarine research. I do not mean to suggest that wetland research started at Sapelo Island. In 1899 H. C. Cowles described successional processes in Lake Michigan freshwater marsh ponds. There is a large and valuable early literature about northern bogs, most of it from Europe and the former USSR, although Eville Gorham and R. L. Lindeman made significant contributions to the American literature before 1960. V. J.

Download or read book Interaction Between Seston Quantity and Quality and Benthic Suspension Feeders in the Oosterscheide The Netherlands written by A. C. Smaal and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: