Download or read book Masculinity and Femininity written by Janet T. Spence and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many societies assign sharply distinguished roles to men and women. Personality differences, as well as physical differences, between men and women are used to justify these different sex roles, and women are seen as more emotionally and interpersonally sensitive than men, while men are said to be more competent, achievement oriented, and assertive than women. A widely held view is that not only do men and women differ but that possession of "masculine" characteristics precludes possession of "feminine" characteristics. This bipolar conception has led to the definition of masculinity and femininity as opposites. Acceptance of this idea has caused social scientists and laypersons to consider men and women who possess cross-sex personality characteristics as less emotionally healthy and socially adjusted than those with sex-appropriate traits. Previous research by the authors and others, done almost exclusively with college students, has shown, however, that masculinity and femininity do not relate negatively to each other, thus supporting a dualistic rather than a bipolar conception of these two psychological dimensions. Spence and Helmreich present data showing that the dualistic conception holds for a large number of groups, varying widely in age, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and patterns of interest, whose psychological masculinity and femininity were measured with an objective instrument, the Personality Attributes Questionnaire, devised by the authors. Many individuals are shown to be appropriately sex-typed; that is, men tend to be high in masculinity and low in femininity and women the reverse. However, a substantial number of men and women are androgynous—high in both masculine and feminine characteristics—while some are not high in either. Importantly, the authors find that androgynous individuals display more self-esteem, social competence, and achievement orientation than individuals who are strong in either masculinity or femininity or are not strong in either. One of the major contributions of the work is the development of a new, multifaceted measure of achievement motivation (the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire), which can be used successfully to predict behavior in both males and females and is related to masculinity and femininity in both sexes. In addition to investigating the correlates of masculinity and femininity, the authors attempt to isolate parental factors that contribute to the development of these characteristics and achievement motivation. The book includes analyses of data from students on their perception of their parents, which enable the authors to examine the influence of parental masculinity and femininity and parental behaviors and child-rearing attitudes on the development of masculinity and femininity and achievement motivation characteristics in their children. The important implications of these findings for theories of sex roles, personality development, and achievement motivation are examined.
Download or read book The Lenses of Gender written by Sandra Lipsitz Bem and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation A leading theorist on sex and gender discusses how hidden assumptions embedded in our culture, social institutions, and individual psyches perpetuate male power and oppress women and sexual minorities. Illustrated.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences written by Virgil Zeigler-Hill and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of individual differences within the domain of personality, with major sub-topics including assessment and research design, taxonomy, biological factors, evolutionary evidence, motivation, cognition and emotion, as well as gender differences, cultural considerations, and personality disorders. It is an up-to-date reference for this increasingly important area and a key resource for those who study intelligence, personality, motivation, aptitude and their variations within members of a group.
Download or read book An Unconventional Family written by Sandra Lipsitz Bem and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1965, when psychologists Sandra and Daryl Bem met and married, they were determined to function as truly egalitarian partners and to raise their children in accordance with gender-liberated, anti-homophobic, and sex-positive feminist ideals. This book by Sandra Bem, an autobiographical account of the Bems' nearly thirty-year marriage, is both a personal history of the Bems' past and a social history of a key period in feminism's past. It is also a look into feminism's future, because the Bems' children, Emily and Jeremy, now in their early twenties, speak in the book as well.
Download or read book Masculinity Femininity and American Political Behavior written by Monika L. McDermott and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What influences political behavior more -- one's gender or one's gendered personality traits? Certain gendered traits have long been associated with particular political leanings in American politics. For example, the Democratic Party is thought to have a compassionate, feminine nature while the Republican Party is deemed to have a tougher, more masculine nature. Masculinity, Femininity, and American Political Behavior, a first-of-its-kind analysis of the effects of individuals' gendered personality traits -- masculinity and femininity -- on their political attitudes and behavior, argues that gendered personalities, and not biological sex, are what drive the political behavior of individual citizens. Drawing on a groundbreaking national survey measuring gendered personality traits and political preferences, the book shows that individuals' levels of masculine and feminine personality traits help to determine their party identification, vote choice, ideology, and political engagement. And in conjunction with biological sex, these traits also influence attitudes about sex roles. For example, the more strongly an individual identifies with "feminine" characteristics, the more strongly they identify with the Democratic Party. Likewise, the more "masculine" an individual, the more they are drawn to the GOP. The book also demonstrates that, despite conventional wisdom, biological sex does not dictate gendered personalities. As such, the personality trait approach of the book moves gender and politics research well beyond the traditional male/female dichotomy. Moreover, Masculinity, Femininity, and American Political Behavior points to new and as yet underexplored strategies for candidate campaigns, get out the vote efforts, and officeholders' governing behavior.
Download or read book The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences Measurement and Assessment written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2, Measurement and Assessment of The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (EPID) is organized into four volumes that look at the many likenesses and differences between individuals. Each of these four volumes focuses on a major content area in the study of personality psychology and individuals' differences. The first volume, Models and Theories, surveys the significant classic and contemporary viewpoints, perspectives, models, and theoretical approaches to the study of personality and individuals' differences (PID). The second volume on Measurement and Assessment examines key classic and modern methods and techniques of assessment in the study of PID. Volume III, titled Personality Processes and Individuals Differences, covers the important traditional and current dimensions, constructs, and traits in the study of PID. The final volume discusses three major categories: clinical contributions, applied research, and cross-cultural considerations, and touches on topics such as culture and identity, multicultural identities, cross-cultural examinations of trait structures and personality processes, and more. Each volume contains approximately 100 entries on personality and individual differences written by a diverse international panel of leading psychologists Covers significant classic and contemporary personality psychology models and theories, measurement and assessment techniques, personality processes and individuals differences, and research Provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the field of personality psychology The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences is an important resource for all psychology students and professionals engaging in the study and research of personality.
Download or read book Discourses on Gender and Sexual Inequality written by Marla Kohlman and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection examines the significance of Sandra L. Bem’s research for current debates on gender and gender roles in the social sciences, with contributions that question how the institution of gender has been, and remains, deeply contested.
Download or read book Reclaimed Powers written by David Gutmann and published by Northwestern University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique feature of human development is that mothers and fathers are bound to a long period of child-rearing, during which the continuity of our species depends on the fulfilment of distinct parental roles and on the suppression of psychological potentials that conflict with those roles. But once the parental emergency is over, the author argues, men and women can assert those parts of their personalities curbed by the restrictions of raising children. It is this shift in roles - a product of evolution found throughout our species - that led David Gutmann to propose a new psychology of ageing, based not on the threat of loss but on the promise of important new pleasures and capacities.
Download or read book Sex and Gender in Biomedicine written by Gesine Thea Klinge and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2010 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex and gender in biomedicine are innovative research concepts of theoretical and clinical medicine that enable a better understanding of health and disease, evidence-based knowledge, effective therapies, and better health outcomes for women and men. Gender Medicine stimulates new ways of doing research: that is to consider sex and gender at all levels of research, from basic research into gene polymorphisms to health behaviour. New research questions have been put forward that focus not on differences per se but on the development of differences. In this book, contributions from the field of neuroscience, addiction research, and organ transplantation exemplify concepts, approaches, methods and results in the field.
Download or read book Women and Men in Management written by Gary N. Powell and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2003 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents.
Download or read book Cultural Issues in Psychology written by Andrew Stevenson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an engaging introduction to cultural and cross-cultural psychology and offers an interdisciplinary approach to the key research theories and controversies that impact on human behaviour in a global context. How is human behavior and experience intertwined with culture? From this starting point, this second edition of Cultural Issues in Psychology explores the role of culture in relation to mainstream and critical perspectives of our discipline. Beginning with an examination of culture itself, as well as related concepts such as ethnicity, race and nation, it goes on to trace historical developments in the role of culture in psychology. Including a new chapter on migration, and additional coverage of indigenous psychologies, ethnographic research methods, and cosmopolitanism, the new edition reflects the latest developments in this global discipline. Also featuring up-to-date research examples and revision exercises, the book reviews and explains classic and contemporary approaches to cultural issues relating to social, cognitive, developmental and health psychology. Also including chapters on culture and lifespan, and culture and psychopathology, this is the essential entry-level text on cultural and cross-cultural psychology for students taking psychology and related courses.
Download or read book Assessing Measurement Invariance for Applied Research written by Craig S. Wells and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This user-friendly guide illustrates how to assess measurement invariance using computer programs, statistical methods, and real data.
Download or read book Communication Yearbook 4 written by Dan Nimmo and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1980-01-01 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attachment and Sexuality written by Diana Diamond and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-06-23 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers featured in Attachment and Sexuality create a dense tapestry, each forming a separate narrative strand that elucidates different configurations of the relationship between attachment and sexuality. As a whole, the volume explores the areas of convergence and divergence, opposition, and integration between these two systems. It suggests that there is a bi-directional web of influences that weaves the attachment and sexual systems together in increasingly complex ways from infancy to adulthood. The volume’s unifying thread is the idea that the attachment system, and particularly the degree of felt security, or lack thereof in relation to early attachment figures, provides a paradigm of relatedness that forms a scaffold for the developmental unfolding of sexuality in all its manifestations. Such manifestations include infantile and adult, masturbatory and mutual, and normative and perverse. Also central to the papers is the idea that the development of secure attachment is predicated, in part, on the development of the capacity for mentalization, or the ability to envision and interpret the behavior of oneself and others in terms of intentional mental states, including desires, feelings, beliefs, and motivations. Topics discussed in the book will help to shape the direction and tenor of further dialogues in the arena of attachment and sexuality.
Download or read book Life Span Developmental Psychology written by Nancy Datan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Normative Life Crises is a compilation of papers that deals with various points of view between the academic perspective — studies in developmental psychology and applied perspective — and the practical efforts of social workers to help individual clients. Part I discusses normative life crises from the two perspectives that include human behavior theory in social work education. This part also includes an interdisciplinary approach covering developmental, social, sociological, economic, and psychological fields. Part II covers the normative life crises in individual development such as discussions on death, ego development, and a practioner's response on models of ego development. The book also discusses an abstract model versus an actual individual experience in dealing with crises, as well as the meanings of adaptation and survival during old age. Part III presents the normative life crises in the family circle covering topics such as parenthood, sex roles, depression, widowhood, and an example of situational stress. Part IV deals with the normative life crises and the social system, including socialization, life course, changing work cycles, and public policy on death. This book will prove valuable for psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, social workers, and behavioral scientists.
Download or read book The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender written by Kevin L. Nadal and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-04-15 with total page 4458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender is an innovative exploration of the intersection of gender and psychology—topics that resonate across disciplines and inform our everyday lives. This encyclopedia looks at issues of gender, identity, and psychological processes at the individual as well as the societal level, exploring topics such as how gender intersects with developmental processes both in infancy and childhood and throughout later life stages; the evolution of feminism and the men’s movement; the ways in which gender can affect psychological outcomes and influence behavior; and more. With articles written by experts across a variety of disciplines, this encyclopedia delivers insights on the psychology of gender through the lens of developmental science, social science, clinical and counseling psychology, sociology, and more. This encyclopedia will provide librarians, students, and professionals with ready access to up-to-date information that informs some of today’s key contemporary issues and debates. These are the sorts of questions we plan for this encyclopedia to address: What is gender nonconformity? What are some of the evolutionary sex differences between men and women? How does gender-based workplace harassment affect health outcomes? How are gender roles viewed in different cultures? What is third-wave feminism?
Download or read book The Terror Dream written by Susan Faludi and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2007-10-02 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist and bestselling author of Backlash—an unflinching dissection of the mind of America after 9/11. In this most original examination of America’s post-9/11 culture, Susan Faludi shines a light on the country’s psychological response to the attacks on that terrible day. Turning her acute observational powers on the media, popular culture, and political life, Faludi unearths a barely acknowledged but bedrock societal drama shot through with baffling contradictions. Why, she asks, did our culture respond to an assault against American global dominance with a frenzied summons to restore “traditional” manhood, marriage, and maternity? Why did we react as if the hijackers had targeted not a commercial and military edifice but the family home and nursery? Why did an attack fueled by hatred of Western emancipation lead us to a regressive fixation on Doris Day womanhood and John Wayne masculinity, with trembling “security moms,” swaggering presidential gunslingers, and the “rescue” of a female soldier cast as a “helpless little girl?” The answer, Faludi finds, lies in a historical anomaly unique to the American experience: the nation that in recent memory has been least vulnerable to domestic attack was forged in traumatizing assaults by nonwhite “barbarians” on town and village. That humiliation lies concealed under a myth of cowboy bluster and feminine frailty, which is reanimated whenever threat and shame looms. In The Terror Dream, “Faludi provides stunning and depressing evidence of a concerted effort to silence women and roll back women’s rights in the wake of 9/11 . . . She brings in a Mack truck’s worth of testimony and proof” (Amy Wilentz, Los Angeles Times).
